Global tropospheric ozone modelling:quantifying errors due to grid resolution.

Ozone production in global chemical models is dependent on model resolution because ozone chemistry is inherently nonlinear, the timescales for chemical production are short, and precursors are artificially distributed over the spatial scale of the model grid. In this study we examine the sensitivity of ozone, its precursors, and its production to resolution by running a global chemical transport model at four different resolutions between T21 (5.6° × 5.6°) and T106 (1.1° × 1.1°) and by quantifying the errors in regional and global budgets. The sensitivity to vertical mixing through the parameterization of boundary layer turbulence is also examined. We find less ozone production in the boundary layer at higher resolution, consistent with slower chemical production in polluted emission regions and greater export of precursors. Agreement with ozonesonde and aircraft measurements made during the NASA TRACE-P campaign over the western Pacific in spring 2001 is consistently better at higher resolution. We demonstrate that the numerical errors in transport processes on a given resolution converge geometrically for a tracer at successively higher resolutions. The convergence in ozone production on progressing from T21 to T42, T63, and T106 resolution is likewise monotonic but indicates that there are still large errors at 120 km scales, suggesting that T106 resolution is too coarse to resolve regional ozone production. Diagnosing the ozone production and precursor transport that follow a short pulse of emissions over east Asia in springtime allows us to quantify the impacts of resolution on both regional and global ozone. Production close to continental emission regions is overestimated by 27% at T21 resolution, by 13% at T42 resolution, and by 5% at T106 resolution. However, subsequent ozone production in the free troposphere is not greatly affected. We find that the export of short-lived precursors such as NO x by convection is overestimated at coarse resolution

Severe infantile wrist empyema due to dental bacteremia

Pediatric wrist empyema are very rare, this is the first case report in the current literature describing a hematogenic spreading of bacteria from dental caries, leading to a severe wrist empyema

Complete circumferential congenital constriction of the trunk – operation procedures and results

Constriction ring syndrome is an uncommon deformity with unknown etiology and multiple manifestations. The most common change occurs at the lower extremities. A complete circular amniotic band syndrome of the trunk is an extremely rare condition. There are less than ten other reported cases in the literature. We present a new case of this congenital abnormality, the operation procedure and the results

"Ich will diese Verantwortung nicht auf meinen Schultern haben" - Verantwortungszuschreibung im Podcast "Das Coronavirus-Update"

Die Corona-Pandemie hat in den letzten Jahren den öffentlichen Diskurs wie auch die mediale Berichterstattung maßgeblich geprägt. Insbesondere auch die Frage nach Verantwortlichkeiten für unterschiedliche Aspekte wie Schutzmaßnahmen oder Impfstoffbestellung und -verteilung wurden dabei immer wieder und in der gesamten medialen Breite diskutiert. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht, welche Verantwortungszuschreibungen im Rahmen der Corona-Pandemie im NDR-Podcast "Das Coronavirus-Update" geäußert wurden und ordnet diese anhand eines Mehrebenen-Modells des Responsibility Framings auf den Ebenen Individuum, Netzwerk, Institution und Gesellschaft zu. Darüber hinaus wird gefragt, ob auch eine Verlagerung von Verantwortung zwischen den Ebenen zu beobachten ist. Die empirische Umsetzung erfolgt dabei anhand eines Methodenmixes aus automatisierter Textanalyse mittels der Programmiersprache Python und einer manuellen quantitativen Inhaltsanalyse. Dabei wurden alle 127 Folgen des Podcasts analysiert, die zwischen Februar 2020 und März 2022 publiziert wurden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen starke Zuschreibungen von Verantwortlichkeit insbesondere auf der institutionellen Ebene. Zugleich zeigt sich an verschiedenen Stellen, vor allem auf der institutionellen, aber auch von der institutionellen auf die individuelle Ebene und umgekehrt, die Verschiebung von Verantwortung an andere (sog. Shifting the blame).The Corona pandemic has had a major impact on public discourse and media coverage in recent years. In particular, the question of responsibility for various aspects such as protective measures or vaccine ordering and vaccine distribution has been discussed repeatedly and across the entire media spectrum. This article examines which attributions of responsibility were expressed in the NDR podcast "Das Coronavirus-Update" during the pandemic and assigns them on the levels of individual, network, institution and society based on a multi-level model of responsibility framing. Subsequently it is analyzed whether a shift of responsibility can be observed. The empirical implementation is based on a mixed-method design of text analysis using Python combined with a quantitative content analysis. All 127 episodes of the podcast published from February 2020 to March 2022 were analyzed. The results show strong attributions of responsibility, especially at the institutional level. At the same time, the shifting of responsibility to others (shifting the blame) is evident at various points, especially at the institutional level, but also from the institutional to the individual level and vice versa

Responsibility of neurosurgeons in cooperation with clinical neuropsychologists to accomplish full social re-entry and good HRQoL for patients following acute brain damage

Objectives: Physical neurologic and neuropsychological rehabilitation has an old tradition in Europe. Clinical recovery of physical neurological impairments following acute brain damaged do not guarantee successful social re-entry when overlooking long-lasting mental – cognitive, behavioural deficits after clinical demission. Problems in emotional adjustment are long-lasting and hinder social re-entry.Patients and methods: Transdisciplinary early neurorehabilitation is based on careful physical and mental - cognitive diagnostics for an individualized therapeutic intervention, when neuropsychology is essential in patients with brain lesions. The role of individually planned early neuro-psychotherapy is underestimated when dealing with patients catastrophic reactions as first described by Kurt Goldstein. This was exemplarily demonstrated in a patient with severe higher cortical functioning disturbances after acute intracerebral haemorrhage and coma, followed by secondary hydrocephalus and major emotional adjustment behavioural disturbances.Results: The 65 years old business man, who suffered from persisting complex mental-cognitive, behavioural, mood and emotional disturbances recovered full social competence due to professional neuropsychological neuropsychiatric treatment. Discussion: Early catastrophic reactions and fear of loss of self-identity are important key issues in the emotional adjustment after brain damaged. Further research is needed to explaining the links between loss of self-esteem, self-identity and the development of depression. Attention needs to be focused on a recovery beyond functional outcome. Conclusion: Neurosurgical-neuropsychological rehabilitation is a method to reconstruct lives within a social context

Immediate stabilization of pedicle screws: Preclinical pilot study of polymer-augmented pedicle screws

This study was designed as proof of principle and safety test of the novel technique, the Immediate Stabilization System (ISS). The technique is designed to immediately stabilize polymer-a ugmented pedicle screws (PAS) in deficient bone and avoid complications of loosening pedicle screws at the bone-screw interface, especially in osteoporotic patients. A polymer sleeve was designed as augmentation to improve screw anchorage after drilling the screw hole. By applying ultrasonic energy, the polymeric tube was moldedinto the pores of the host bone forming a strong and uniform bond with the adjacent bone. The original screw was then implanted into the denser bony environment leading to an enhanced immediate stability. The ISS-treated implants were compared to conventionally placed pedicle screws in ex-vivocadaver bones (2 sheep spines, n = 6 implants per spine, total 12 screws) and in-vivo in a spinal sheep model (Swiss alpine sheep, n = 5, 4 implants per animal, total 20 screws). The primary stability of ISS-treated pedicle screws was increased in ex-vivo bone ( +24% insertion torque (IT)) and in-vivo(+32.9% IT) in sheep spine. Removal torque (RT) was lower in the in PAS tested for 8 weeks in -vivo. The ISS technology demonstrated improved anchorage of pedicle screws in ex-vivocadaver bones as well as in-vivo studies in sheep spine