125 research outputs found
Reporting Disasters : A narratological analysis of disaster news reportage
The thesis explores narrative techniques used in the genre of news reportage, specifically related to reporting from disaster contexts. This particular context is highly interesting, as the journalistic idea of âwitnessingâ is very pronounced and also a major journalistic rational of deploying reporters. At the same time, reporters in this context might often âparachuteâ in to the country, they will often have to work in poor security conditions and are exposed to stress and trauma. There are strong indications of an increase in the frequency and effect of disasters globally, which underlines the need to know more about how media reports on such events. This thesis is a small contribution to that end, exploring what narratological choices can be observed in the published news reportages.
The material examined consists of news reportages from Haiti published in four different daily newspapers in Finland and Sweden immediately after the devastating earthquake there in January 2010. Out of a total of 30 articles, 8 have been examined in detail with a descriptive and also comparative approach. The method is that of narratological analysis, to a large extent based on the structuralist narratology. The categories included in the analysis are the narrative situation (how the author is present/absent in the text and how she regulates the information), narrative space (how the author present the space on which the reportage is centred) and characterization (how the author presents the characters in the text).
The main findings regarding the narrative situation is that the author is present in all the analysed articles, but often not in a clear and consistent way. Rather the author will âplaceâ herself in the text more for temporary effect, particularly in the preamble, but the presence is not for example used to drive the narrative forward. In the category of narrative space, frame space (where the space is passive) is clearly the dominant narratological choice, despite the fact that disaster often has a clear effect on the âlandscapeâ and could potentially be given quite a lot of narrative weight. Regarding characterization, there is very little of it in the analysed articles; interviewees or people observed are generally not introduced or characterized in any way.
The analysis of the results and the overall process of writing the thesis leads to two distinct features in the examined material that are discussed in the summary: fading narrativity and low descriptiveness. Fading narrativity refers to the fact that the use of narrative techniques is patchy and often with a focus on the preamble and the beginning of the article, whereas the end of the article often resembles a more traditional news text. External issues can be assumed to be one clear reason for this fading narrativity (time pressure, difficult context, etc.) but I argue that there are internal issues as well, namely that the genre of news reportage and the expectations on the reports is ill defined.
Low descriptiveness, in turn, refers to the fact that in all of the articles the narratological categories of narrative space and characterization is used sparsely. This is highly interesting, considering the basic rational behind deploying reporters to such context, i.e. the idea of witnessing. I argue that one possible explanation for this is linked to the McLuhan Galaxy, i.e. that we are dominated by the audio-visual and that this has â consciously or unconsciously â led to a reduction in the perceived need to be descriptive in print journalism
EpÀsuora valinta Cronartium fusiforme-kestÀvyyden lisÀÀmiseksi Loblolly-mÀnnyllÀ (Pinus laeda L.).
Partiernas roll i spansk invandringspolitik 2000-2014
Temat för avhandlingen Àr de politiska partiernas roll i utformandet av invandringspolitik, och analysens fokus ligger pÄ Spaniens tvÄ största partiers inverkan pÄ landets invandringslagstiftning.
HÀr förs diskussionen om partiernas roll i de vÀsterlÀndska demokratierna, vilka funktioner de fyller men ocksÄ varför en del pÄstÄr att partierna, ideologierna och hela det demokratiska politiska systemet befinner sig i kris (Bell 1975, Dalton, Farrell & McAllister 2011 m.fl). Trots flera decennier av prat om partiernas förfall finns de kvar och utgör fortfarande den klaraste lÀnken mellan folket och policy; folket röstar enligt prefererade vallöften (uttryckta i bl.a. valprogrammen) och det parti eller de partier som vinner valet förutsÀtts omsÀtta vallöften till policy enligt den representativa överenskommelsen. Gör partierna det de lovat? Spelar det nÄgon roll vilket parti man röstar pÄ? Does politics matter? Hibbs (1992) partisanteori Àr entydig i sitt svar: partierna och ideologierna pÄverkar policyinnehÄllet, partierna strÀvar efter att vinna val och förverkliga sina mÄl, och deras policyförslag stÀmmer överens med ideologiernas premisser. Via Hartmanns (2014) fÀrska tillÀmpning av partisanteorin och hans övertygelse om att det Àr just policy content, inte policy outcome, som ska studeras för att testa teorin, leds avhandlingen in pÄ temat invandringslagstiftning som uttryck för invandrinspolicy content.
Invandringspolitik Àr en av de mest omdebatterade sakfrÄgorna i vÀrlden under de senaste Ären. Avhandlingen tar upp de viktigaste trenderna inom forskningen kring invandringspolitik - vilka faktorer pÄverkar ett lands invandringspolitik? Vilka aktörer Àr avgörande för denna? HÀr ges plats Ät Brochmanns (1999) indelning av invandringspolicy i externa och interna kontrollmekanismer, vilka senare anvÀnds i den kvalitativa analysen av materialet. Idag produceras relativt mycket forskning kring i synnerhet ytterhögerpartier och invandringspolitik, men det verkar rÄda brist pÄ studier kring mainstream partiernas beteende i frÄgan (Bale 2008; Schain 2008). Efter en kort genomgÄng av de viktigaste partiideologierna och en diskussion kring vilken sorts invandringspolitik ett vÀnster- respektive högerparti förutsÀtts föresprÄka, tillÀmpas teserna om partiernas betydelse pÄ det spanska fallet.
Spanien har tills för nĂ„gra Ă„r sedan haft ett i praktiken rĂ„dande tvĂ„partisystem, Ă€ven om partikartan förĂ€ndrats drastiskt under senare Ă„r. Efter övergĂ„ngen till demokrati efter Francos död 1975 styrdes landet turvis av liberal-konservativa Partido Popular (PP) och socialdemokratiska Partido Socialista y Obrero Español (PSOE). Invandringen har varit en stor sakfrĂ„ga Ă€nda sedan slutet av 1990-talet, med en svacka kring den ekonomiska krisen 2008-2011. Lagstiftningen har prĂ€glats av stora förĂ€ndringar och en till synes klar dragkamp mellan partierna. Detta möjliggör en analys av faktorerna âpartier i maktpositionâ och âförĂ€ndringar i invandringspolicyâ, som i mĂ„nga andra lĂ€nder skulle vara svĂ„rare att genomföra p.g.a. oklara koalitioner eller oförĂ€ndrade lagar. Analysen baserar sig sĂ„ledes pĂ„ de tvĂ„ stora partiernas valprogram 2000-2014 samt förĂ€ndringar i den sĂ„ kallade UtlĂ€nningslagen (Ley de ExtranjerĂa). Kvalitativ innehĂ„llsanalys anvĂ€nds för att analysera dessa dokument via ett kodningsschema baserat pĂ„ i huvudsak Brochmanns externa och interna kontrollmekanismer. Med hjĂ€lp av dessa kan lagar och valprogram bollas fram och tillbaka för att svara pĂ„ avhandlingens centrala forskningsfrĂ„gor: Finns det klara skillnader mellan partiernas invandringspolitiska linje? Formas invandringspolitiken av det parti som har makten - finns det ett klart samband mellan regeringspartiets vallöften och pĂ„följande förĂ€ndringar i invandringspolitiken? Det vill sĂ€ga: does politics matter? Om partierna spelar roll, finns det fler skillnader mellan partiernas policy inom externa eller interna mekanismer? Resultaten av analysen Ă€r inte entydiga men lutar mot att tesen om att partierna spelar roll blir bekrĂ€ftad Ă€n en gĂ„ng
Qumranin kirjasto Fragmenttien palapelistÀ valoa juutalaisuuden historiaan
Tukahduttavan kuumassa ja kuivassa Juudan
autiomaassa, Kuolleenmeren ja korkean kallioseinÀmÀn
vÀlissÀ, sijaitsee Qumran. Vuonna 1947 sattuman oikku
paljasti tÀÀltÀ mittaamattoman aarteen. Löydön tehneet
beduiinit lienevÀt tosin pettyneet, kun kallioseinÀmÀn
luolista löytyneet saviruukut sisÀlsivÀt arvotavaroiden
sijasta vanhoja madonsyömiÀ nahkakÀÀröjÀ. KÀÀröt
pÀÀtyivÀt lopulta monien vaiheiden kautta tutkijoille, jotka
vÀhitellen vakuuttuivat hepreankielisiÀ tekstejÀ
sisÀltÀvien kÀÀröjen korkeasta iÀstÀ ja merkityksestÀ
Copepod reproductive effort and oxidative status as responses to warming in the marine environment
The marine ecosystems are under severe climate change-induced stress globally. The Baltic Sea is especially vulnerable to ongoing changes, such as warming. The aim of this study was to measure eco-physiological responses of a key copepod species to elevated temperature in an experiment, and by collecting field samples in the western Gulf of Finland. The potential trade-off between reproductive output and oxidative balance in copepods during thermal stress was studied by incubating female Acartia sp. for reproduction rate and oxidative stress measurements in ambient and elevated temperatures. Our field observations show that the glutathione cycle had a clear response in increasing stress and possibly had an important role in preventing oxidative damage: Lipid peroxidation and ratio of reduced and oxidized glutathione were negatively correlated throughout the study. Moreover, glutathione-s-transferase activated in late July when the sea water temperature was exceptionally high and Acartia sp. experienced high oxidative stress. The combined effect of a heatwave, increased cyanobacteria, and decreased dinoflagellate abundance may have caused larger variability in reproductive output in the field. An increase of 7 degrees C had a negative effect on egg production rate in the experiment. However, the effect on reproduction was relatively small, implying that Acartia sp. can tolerate warming at least within the temperature range of 9-16 degrees C. However, our data from the experiment suggest a link between reproductive success and oxidative stress during warming, shown as a significant combined effect of temperature and catalase on egg production rate.Peer reviewe
- âŠ