The Principle of Purpose Limitation in Data Protection Laws

This thesis examines the principle of purpose limitation in data protection law from the perspective of regulating data-driven innovation. According to this approach, the principle of purpose limitation not only protects an individual’s autonomy but simultaneously leaves sufficient room for data controllers to innovate when finding the best solution for protection. The first component of the principle of purpose limitation (i.e. to specify the purpose of data processing) is a precautionary protection instrument which obliges the controller to identify specific risks arising from its processing against all fundamental rights of the data subject. In contrast, the second component (i.e. the requirement to limit data processing to the preceding purpose) aims to control the risk caused by data processing that occurred at a later stage and adds to the risks which were previously identified. This approach provides an answer to the question of how the General Data Protection Regulation which does not only effectively protect an individual’s autonomy but also helps controllers to turn their legal compliance into a mechanism that enhances innovation, should be interpreted with regard to all the fundamental rights of the data subject

Specific GDPR ce rtification schemes as rule , general schemes (and criteria) as exception: Comment on EDPB’s Addendum to Guidelines 1/2018 on certification and identifying certification criteria per Articles 42 and 43 GDPR

This analysis criticizes a major design flaw of the Addendum to the Guidelines 1/2018 on certification and identifying certification criteria per Articles 42 and 43 of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) by the European Data Protection Board (EDPB). The possibility for certification owners to set up general certification schemes in addition to specific specification schemes opens up a glaring loophole which will decrease transparency and inhibit a consistent EU-wide application of the law. In its addendum, the EDPB makes a recognizable effort to close the loophole by specifying further requirements for such general schemes. However, these efforts are merely corrective measures: the fundamental design flaw continues to exist. The consequences are serious; not only does this design flaw contradict the two key regulatory objectives of increasing transparency and supporting consistent EU-wide compliance, but will sooner or later marginalise specific certification schemes in practice. That is an unfortunate outcome, as specific certification schemes ultimately cost businesses less and are much more effective measures in meeting the two regulatory objectives of the GDPR. This paper analyzes the Addendum with respect to the function of certification schemes in environments which are highly prone to future uncertainties and covered by data protection law

Die adjuvante Radiochemotherapie bei Hochrisikopatientinnen mit lokal fortgeschrittenem Zervixkarzinom

Die vorliegende retrospektive Arbeit sollte die Effektivität der adjuvanten Radiochemotherapie bei fortgeschrittenem Zervixkarzinom analysieren und Risikofaktoren für das Auftreten von Rezidiven (lokal und distant) aufzeigen. Weiter sollten die akuten und chronischen Nebenwirkungen der Therapie erfasst werden

Interaction of chromaffin granules with plasma membranes mediated by Ca2+ and Mg2+-ATP using self-generating gradients of percoll(R)

Grafenstein H von, Neumann E. Interaction of chromaffin granules with plasma membranes mediated by Ca2+ and Mg2+-ATP using self-generating gradients of percoll(R). FEBS Letters. 1981;123(2):238-240

ORCID aus datenschutzrechtlicher Sicht : "Gutachten im Auftrag des von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) geförderten Projektes ORCID DE zur Förderung der Open Researcher and Contributor ID in Deutschland"

Der Schwerpunkt des Gutachtens soll darauf liegen, wie ORCID an wissenschaftlichen Einrichtungen in Deutschland implementiert wird. Dabei werden die institutionellen Regularien sowie die deutschen und europäischen Normen, denen wissenschaftliche Einrichtungen in Deutschland unterliegen, die ORCID implementieren, betrachtet. Dabei soll auch der Tatsache Rechnung getragen werden, dass dabei Datenflüsse in die USA entstehen. Zentrale Anforderung ist, dass das Gutachten möglichst allgemein verständlich und allgemeingültig formuliert wird und somit einen Orientierungsrahmen für die rechtliche Prüfung vor Ort, also etwa an Hochschulen und außeruniversitäre Forschungseinrichtungen bietet. Anliegen des Gutachtens ist es, wissenschaftliche Einrichtungen bei der rechtskonformen Umsetzung der Autorenidentifikation mit ORCID zu unterstützen. Der Erstellung des Gutachtens ging ein Prozess voraus, der die Zusammenarbeit mit dem DFG-Projekt ORCID DE gewährleisten sollte. So wurden im November 2016 im Rahmen eines Workshops nach Darstellung grundsätzlicher Datenschutzprinzipien spezifische Fragestellungen erarbeitet (Annex I14); im Rahmen eines weiteren „Community Inputs“ (Annex II15), der über das Projekt ORCID DE gesammelt wurde, wurden weitere Aspekte adressiert. Eingeflossen in das Gutachten ist ebenfalls eine Korrespondenz mit den Betreibern von ORCID, in der zu einzelnen Fragen, die im Rahmen der Bearbeitung aufgetaucht sind, Stellung genommen wurde

Generation of millijoule few-cycle pulses at 5 μm by indirect spectral shaping of the idler in an optical parametric chirped pulse amplifier

Spectral pulse shaping in a high-intensity midwave-infrared (MWIR) optical parametric chirped pulse amplifier (OPCPA) operating at 1 kHz repetition rate is reported. We successfully apply a MWIR spatial light modulator (SLM) for the generation of ultrashort idler pulses at 5 μm wavelength. Only bulk optics and active phase control of the 3.5 μm signal pulses via the SLM are employed for generating compressed idler pulses with a duration of 80 fs. The 80-fs pulse duration corresponds to less than five optical cycles at the central wavelength of 5.0 μm. The pulse energy amounts to 1.0 mJ, which translates into a peak power of 10 GW. The generated pulse parameters represent record values for high-intensity MWIR OPCPAs

Few-cycle 65-µJ pulses at 11.4 µm for ultrafast nonlinear longwave-infrared spectroscopy

Low-energy excitations can provide insight into the basic ultrafast nonequilibrium dynamics of condensed matter. High-energy femtosecond pulses in the long-wavelength infrared are required to induce such processes, and can be generated in an optical parametric chirped pulse amplification (OPCPA) system comprising three GaSe stages. A femtosecond Cr:ZnS laser serves as the front-end, providing the seed for the 2.0-µm pump and the 2.4-µm signal pulses without nonlinear conversion processes. The OPCPA system is pumped at 2.05 µm by a picosecond Ho:YLF regenerative amplifier at a 1-kHz repetition rate. The recompressed idler pulses at 11.4 µm have a duration of 185 fs and an unprecedented energy of 65 µJ, corresponding to a pump-to-idler conversion efficiency of 1.2%. Nonlinear transmission experiments in the range of the L2 infrared band of liquid water demonstrate the potential of the pulses for nonlinear vibrational spectroscopy of liquids and solids