STATIC STRETCHING DOES NOT AFFECT MEASURES OF POWER AND FATIGUE DURING VIGOROUS CYCLING AMONG WOMEN

Static stretching has been linked to lesser performance in many sport activities. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of static stretching upon power and fatigue performance measures during vigorous cycling. In this study, vigorous cycling was assessed using the Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT). Using a counterbalanced design, twenty nine female participants completed standardized static stretching and nonstretching protocols prior to completing the WAnT. No statistically-significant differences (p = 0.05) were found between conditions for measures of peak power (PP), low power (LP) or fatigue index (FI). These findings suggest that static stretching had no statistically-significant effect on these performance measures commonly assessed during the WAnT

THE EFFECTS OF STATIC STRETCHING ON MEASURES OF GROSS MOTOR COORDINATION DURING VIGOROUS CYCLING

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of static stretching on gross motor coordination patterns (GMCP) exhibited during vigorous cycling. The performance of 29 females between the ages of eighteen and thirty were analyzed during the Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT). The participants completed the test under two conditions, following static stretching and no stretching. Results showed statistically significant differences (p = 0.05) between conditions for dependent variables assessed throughout this common 30 second test of maximal cycling. These findings suggest that static stretching subtly influenced GMCP exhibited during the WAnT

CFD ANALYSES OF THE TN-24P PWR SPENT FUEL STORAGE CASK

ABSTRACT Dry storage casks are used to store spent nuclear fuel after removal from the reactor spent fuel pool. Even prior to the Fukushima earthquake of March 2011, dry storage of spent fuel was receiving increased attention as many reactor spent fuel pools near their capacity. Many different types of cask designs are used, and one representative design is the TN-24P spent fuel cask, a nonventilated steel cask with a shielded exterior shell and lid. The cask is typically filled with an inert gas such as helium, argon or nitrogen. In this paper, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) calculation results for the thermal performance of the TN-24P cask using the commercial CFD software STAR-CCM+ are presented. Initial calculations employ a common approach of treating the fuel assemblies as conducting porous media with calibrated volume-averaged properties, and comparison to existing measured temperature data shows good agreement. One of the fuel assemblies is then replaced with a more accurate representation that includes the full geometric detail of the fuel rods, guide tubes, spacer grids and end fittings (flow nozzles), and the results shown are consistent with the initial analysis, but without the need for the assumptions inherent in the porous media approach. This hybrid modeling approach also permits the direct determination of important results, such as the precise location of peak fuel cladding temperatures (PCTs), which is not possible using the more traditional porous media approach

Visualization and quantification of the oral hygiene effects of brushing, dentifrice use and brush wear using a tooth brushing simulator

Standardized, reproducible brushing regimes were applied to typodonts coated in simulated or biological plaques to assess the effects on tooth cleaning of toothbrush/dentifrice regimens. Replicated typodonts were coated with OccludeTM or GlogermTM indicators to simulate plaque, and brushed reproducibly using a mechanical brushing simulator to compare the cleaning of occlusal surfaces before and after brushing with water or a dentifrice. An in vitro model using salivary inocula to cultivate oral biofilms on typodont surfaces was then developed to evaluate removal of disclosed plaque by new toothbrushes in comparison to toothbrushes with wear equivalent to three months of use. Analyses of typodonts brushed under controlled conditions significantly (p < 0.01) distinguished between brushed and unbrushed surfaces and between the use of water versus dentifrice for the removal of simulated interproximal plaque (p < 0.05). New toothbrushes removed significantly (p < 0.05) more biological plaque from typodont surfaces than brushes that had been worn by repeated brushing. Through controlled and defined brushing of typodonts with simulated and biological plaques, the effectiveness of dental hygiene regimens was compared under reproducible conditions. Data indicate that the cleaning effectiveness of brushing was augmented by the addition of dentifrice and that new brushes were significantly more effective than brushes with substantial wear from previous use

First-Year Student Orientation Programming: Managing the First and Lasting Impression

Beginning with its origins in 1888, the history of first-year student orientation programming has proven itself to be an essential component of the collegiate experience. Effective orientations have the potential to create a strong first impression while supporting the first-year student population in their transition to college life and academia. Orientations function as the fi retention efforts for universities because they can set the first impression and expectations for incoming students. Reflecting on this history and considering the many different elements, models, and components of orientation programming helps to establish the key ingredients of a strong orientation program for first-year students. Looking at Eastern Kentucky University’s own orientation program provides insight into how colleges go about creating their personalized program, unique to their specific community needs. EKU has three phases to their orientation programming, and these work together to usher in a new class of Colonels. Using research and these observations, three recommendations are offered to EKU to further their excellent orientation program. These recommendations are (1) streamline the peer mentorship role to create one position rather than three, (2) offer some sort of outdoor orientation programming at each phase of orientation, and (3) end the First-Year Seminar with a meaningful and engaging activity or act of service

Acoustic microstreaming: Detection and measurement around ultrasonic scalers

Background: Acoustic microstreaming (AMS) may be useful to the clinician when using the ultrasonic scaler to remove particulate matter from the teeth. The aim of this study was to detect and measure the effects of AMS produced by ultrasonic scalers. Methods: For the study, an ultrasonic generator was selected with 4 differently shaped scaling tip inserts (TFI-3, TFI-9, TFI-1, and P-12). A plaque substitute (0.2 mm thick soft cream cheese) was coated onto a microscope slide and immersed in water. The ultrasonic scaler tip was placed in the water and orientated either perpendicular or parallel to the slide. The instrument was operated both contacting the slide under a load of 0.3 N and non-contacting at various distances from the slide surface. This was repeated with the tip parallel to the slide. The area of medium removed was quantified by digital image analysis. Results: It was found that AMS removed the plaque substitute from around the tip. The TFI-9 insert significantly removed more material with increasing displacement amplitude (P <0.05). Significantly larger areas of plaque substitute were removed when the tips of the TFI-3, TFI-9, and P-12 inserts were orientated perpendicularly to the slide compared to the parallel orientation (P <0.05). Of the 4 inserts used, the TFI-9 insert removed the most material while the straight tip produced no apparent removal. Removal by AMS required the presence of a water medium and such forces were found to decrease with distance from the scaling tip. No plaque substitute removal was seen at a distance of 7 mm for the TFI-9 insert at 37.5 μm displacement with the tip orientation parallel to the slide. Conclusions: It is concluded that AMS occurs around ultrasonic scalers and this depends on the displacement amplitude, tip orientation, and presence of a water medium. AMS may play a role in disruption of subgingival biofilms associated with periodontal disease.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Safety and efficacy of two manual toothbrushes.

Contains fulltext : 89322.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy and safety of a newly designed multi-level manual toothbrush (Profit-Haije-Brush) compared with a control flat-trimmed manual reference toothbrush from the American Dental Association (ADA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: For this study, 36 healthy subjects without previous experience in the use of the Profit-Haije-Brush (PHB) were selected. Subjects were given a period of 2 weeks to become familiar with both types of brushes and were instructed to use them on alternate days for 2 min twice daily. Prior to their visit, subjects refrained from all oral hygiene procedures for 48 h. Prebrushing plaque and gingival abrasion scores were assessed. Subsequently, two randomly chosen contra-lateral quadrants were brushed with one of both brushes and the other two quadrants with the alternate brush. Subjects were supervised during their 2-min brushing exercise. After brushing, plaque and gingival abrasion were re-assessed. A questionnaire was filled out to investigate the subjects' attitudes towards both brushes. RESULTS: The overall mean prebrushing PI was 2.47 for the PHB and 2.44 for the ADA. The reduction in PI was 1.32 and 1.23 respectively (P < 0.05). With regard to gingival abrasion the overall mean prebrushing scores were 4.57 (PHB) and 5.34 (ADA). Post-brushing scores were 13.49 and 13.77 for the PHB and ADA respectively. CONCLUSION: Statistically, the multi-level PHB was significantly more efficacious than the flat-trimmed ADA. However, the difference is clinically considered small and the amount of remaining plaque was not significantly different between brushes. No greater potential to cause gingival abrasion to the oral tissues was observed.1 november 201