Slow-Neutron Scattering by Rotators. II

The methods developed in a previous paper for extending the neutron scattering formalism of Zemach and Glauber to any type of molecular rotator have been employed to derive generalized forms generalized forms of the differential cross sections for rotator scattering. A mass-ratio expansion for the treatment of the high-energy limit is illustrated on the classical cross section and then employed in the treatment of the more general quantum-mechanical expression for the differential cross section. The results apply to an arbitrarily asymmetric rotator. The very low energy approximation is carried out for the symmetric rotator, and the procedure is compared with the explicit summing of the partial cross sections for individual rotational transitions. The inelastic correction to the static approximation for interference scattering is calculated to an accuracy of first order in the mass ratios for the case of the symmetric rotator

Challenges and opportunities to formulate and stabilize vaccine candidates targeted for use in LMICs

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Self reporting RNA probes as an alternative to cleavable small molecule mass tags

The large size of biological molecules such as proteins and oligonucleotides makes them inherently problematic to analyse and quantify directly by mass spectrometry. For these molecules, electrospray ionisation produces multiply charged species and associated alkali metal adducts which can reduce sensitivity and complicate quantification. Whereas time-of-flight mass analysers, often coupled to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation, can have insufficient mass resolution to resolve these large molecules in the higher m/z range. This has led to the development of cleavable small molecule mass tag approaches for the indirect analysis of biomolecules such as proteins and oligonucleotides. Existing methodologies require the design and synthesis of a cleavable linker to join the biomolecule and the mass tag. Here, an alternative approach to small molecule mass tags is presented, which exploits the properties of the RNA molecule to afford self-reporting probes which can be easily synthesised using automated phosphoramidite chemistry. The sugar-phosphate backbone of RNA was used as a built-in enzyme cleavable linker and through the use of RNase digestion of bromine labelled oligonucleotides the observation of a range of small molecule mass tags by mass spectrometry is demonstrated. This study provides a proof-of-concept that RNase digestion can be used to produce labelled small molecule mass tags from oligonucleotide probes, thus eliminating the need for custom design and synthesis of a cleavable linker

Potential for Cooperative Sugar Beet Processing in Southern Minnesota

Excerpts: Subsequent discussions with Messrs Ruebel and David Johnson of the Southern Minnesota group, officials of the St. Paul Bank for Cooperatives, and staff of the University of Minnesota's Agricultural Economics Department provide a basis to delineate the scope of this study to provide answers to the following questions: 1. What are the projected costs and returns of a sugar beet processing plant that has the capabilities of processing 5,000 to 6,000 tons of beets a day thus permitting the slicing of 750,000 tons of beets or more over a 150 day campaign? 2. How will projected sugar beet returns compare with estimated costs and returns of alternative farm crops grown in the same area? 3. What is the optimum location for a processing plant and upwards of 6 beet piling stations

A Plan for Integrated Rice Marketing in Louisiana: Implications of Acquiring Proprietary Rice Mills

Excerpts: It is the purpose of this study to: --- Analyze the economic and financial feasibility of acquiring five to seven rice mills; --- Develop a concept for marketing rice for member producers on a cooperative basis; and --- Evaluate the costs and benefits to member producers. The main text is divided into essentially two parts. The first part briefly describes the economic situation and marketing structure in the rice supply area and the financial background and milling costs of the study mills. The purpose of this section is to provide an understanding of the Louisiana rice marketing situation. Such an understanding is basic to proposals for any changes in rice marketing. The second part discusses our concept of an integrated cooperative marketing system

An Appraisal of Selected Farmer-Controlled Firms in New Jersey's Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Marketing Industry

Excerpts: Farmers today must meet the needs of mass merchandising and direct buying or be bypassed by others willing and able to do so. We see increased need for larger and stronger cooperatives to help solve the problems of the market place. As farmer's market power relates directly to the expanding market of large buyers, the required bargaining strength can be met through more effective cooperatives. Growers of fruits and vegetables must come to realize the necessity of having the type of cooperative which gives them the needed market power in our evolving production and marketing system. This report appraises the basic problem and its symptoms for eight marketing organizations and suggests changes needed to improve their marketing pattern in relation to the fresh produce industry in New Jersey

Crystallization of a nonreplicating rotavirus vaccine candidate.

Nonreplicating rotavirus vaccine (NRRV) candidates are being developed with the aim of serving the needs of developing countries. A significant proportion of the cost of manufacturing such vaccines is the purification in multiple chromatography steps. Crystallization has the potential to reduce purification costs and provide new product storage modality, improved operational flexibility, and reduced facility footprints. This communication describes a systematic approach for the design of the crystallization of an NRRV candidate, VP8 subunit proteins fused to the P2 epitope of tetanus toxin, using first-principles models and preliminary experimental data. The first-principles models are applied to literature data to obtain feasible crystallization conditions and lower bounds for nucleation and growth rates. Crystallization is then performed in a hanging-drop vapor diffusion system, resulting in the nucleation and growth of NRRV crystals. The crystals obtained in a scaled-up evaporative crystallization contain proteins truncated in the P2 region, but have no significant differences with the original samples in terms of antibody binding and overall conformational stability. These results demonstrate the promise of evaporative crystallization of the NRRV

Coagulation status after therapeutic plasma exchange using citrate in kidney transplant recipients

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/135562/1/trf13803_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/135562/2/trf13803.pd

The upper limit of protein thermostability

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Applied Biological Sciences, 1989.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 143-158).by David B. Volkin.Ph.D