Simulation of Magnetohydrodynamic Effects on an Ionised Hypersonic Flow by Using the TAU Code

In the present investigation the DLR TAU code is extended to support future experimental investigations of magnetohydrodynamic effects in high temperature hypersonic flows. According to the conditions in the High Enthalpy Shock Tunnel Goettingen (HEG) the first steps in enhancing the TAU code are the implementation of a source term formulation of electromagnetic forces and the calculation of the electrical conductivity of air as a gas mixture in chemical non equilibrium. To verify the source term implementation a perfect gas study related to numerical simulations from Poggie and Gaitonde is conducted and shows reasonable agreement. Applied to the experimental conditions the model predicts a noticeable increase of the shock stand off distance

Сравнительный анализ бренда и товарного знака

В данной научной статье рассматриваются особенности таких понятий, как бренд и товарный знак. Также выявлены принципиальные различия между данными терминами, которые представлены в сравнительной таблице по определённым параметрам. В заключении даны определения бренда и товарного знака, по мнению авторов данной статьи

Quality of Life of Short-Statured Children Born Small for Gestational Age or Idiopathic Growth Hormone Deficiency Within 1 Year of Growth Hormone Treatment

Aside from clinical endpoints like height gain, health-related quality of life has also become an important outcome indicator in the medical field. However, the data on short stature and health-related quality of life is inconsistent. Therefore, we examined changes in health-related quality of life in German children with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency or children born small for gestational age before and after 12 months of human growth hormone treatment. Children with idiopathic short stature without treatment served as a comparison group. At baseline, health-related quality of life data of 154 patients with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency (n = 65), born small for gestational age (n = 58), and idiopathic short stature (n = 31) and one parent each was collected. Of these, 130 completed health-related quality of life assessments after 1-year of human growth hormone treatment. Outcome measures included the Quality of Life in Short Stature Youth questionnaire, as well as clinical and sociodemographic data. Our results showed that the physical, social, and emotional health-related quality of life of children treated with human growth hormone significantly increased, while untreated patients with idiopathic short stature reported a decrease in these domains. Along with this, a statistically significant increase in height in the treated group can be observed, while the slight increase in the untreated group was not significant. In conclusion, the results showed that human growth hormone treatment may have a positive effect not only on height but also in improving patient-reported health-related quality of life of children with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency and children born small for gestational age

Digitalisierung beruflicher Lern- und Arbeitsprozesse. Impulse aus der Bauwirtschaft und anderen gewerblich-technischen Sektoren

Der Sammelband stellt aktuelle Ansätze zum digital unterstützten beruflichen Lernen dar. Die Beiträge geben Einblicke in die dynamische Entwicklung der Schnittstellen von Erwerbsarbeit und beruflicher Aus-, Fort- und Weiterbildung im Kontext der Digitalisierung Arbeits- und Lernmitteln. Der Band schließt damit an die 2019 ebenfalls im Universitätsverlag der Technischen Universität Berlin erschienene Publikation „Berufsbildung am Bau digital“ (hrsg. von Bernd Mahrin und Johannes Meyser) an. Das erste Kapitel erörtert grundsätzliche didaktische Fragen zu digital unterstütztem Lernen und Arbeiten einschließlich der Rahmenbedingungen. Im zweiten Kapitel schließen sich Beiträge zur Kapazitätsentwicklung, zu Standards und zu digitalen Werkzeugen an. Das dritte Kapitel widmet sich konkreten Einzellösungen mit starkem Praxisbezug und hohem Transferpotenzial zum digitalisierten Arbeiten und Lernen im Bausektor und im Metallbereich. Das abschließende vierte Kapitel präsentiert übergreifend nutzbare und frei zugängliche Online-Angebote wie einen Medienpool für Bildungszwecke, eine Lernmedien-Datenbank und ein hybrides Lernsystem mit virtuellem 3D-Gebäudemodell. Das Buch ist entstanden im Rahmen des durch das Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung und den Europäischen Sozialfonds geförderten Projektes DigiBAU – Digitales Bauberufliches Lernen und Arbeiten. (DIPF/Orig.)The anthology presents current approaches to digitally supported professional learning. The articles provide insights into the dynamic development of the interfaces between gainful employment and vocational training and further education in the context of digitization of work and learning aids. The volume is thus connected to the publication “Berufsbildung am Bau digital” (edited by Bernd Mahrin and Johannes Meyser), which was published in 2019 by the University Press of the Technische Universität Berlin. The first chapter discusses fundamental didactic questions about digitally supported learning and working, including the framework conditions. The second chapter picks contributions on capacity development, standards, and digital tools out as central themes. The third chapter is dedicated to concrete specific solutions with strong practical relevance and high transfer potential for digitized work and learning in the construction sector and in the metal sector. The final fourth chapter presents comprehensive and freely accessible online offers such as a media pool for educational purposes, a learning media database and a hybrid learning system with a virtual 3D building model. The book was created as part of the DigiBAU project - digital vocational learning and working in the field of construction - funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research and the European Social Fund. (DIPF/Orig.

Die Preisbeziehung zwischen Optionen auf den DAX und dem DAX-Future an der DTB | Eine empirische Überprüfung der Arbitragemöglichkeiten zwischen zwei derivativen Finanzinstrumenten

Price Relationships between DAX Options and DAX Futures at the DTB This contribution represents the first analysis of the arbitrage opportunities that exist between the DAX future and the DAX option in the German futures market. Both derivatives are among the most widely traded products in the German futures market. The empirical analysis of products expiring in September 1994 show hardly any arbitrage opportunities, worth to be exploited, for the last two trading months preceding expiry when transaction costs and bid-ask margins are taken into account. It appears that the two products are in a theoretically formulated state of price balance in spite of a few institutional framework conditions that must be referred to as problematic, overall. Contrary to analyses of arbitrage opportunities between the spot DAX and the DAX future, no errors have been committed in lifetime-related evaluations of products. Moreover, the mathematical symbols of wrong evaluations change so often that none of the specific arbitrage strategies may be referred to as advantageous

Assembly of the eukaryotic PLP-synthase complex from plasmodium and activation of the Pdx1 enzyme

Biosynthesis of vitamins is fundamental to malaria parasites. Plasmodia synthesize the active form of vitamin B6 (pyridoxal 5-phosphate, PLP) using a PLP synthase complex. The EM analysis shown here reveals a random association pattern of up to 12 Pdx2 glutaminase subunits to the dodecameric Pdx1 core complex. Interestingly, Plasmodium falciparum PLP synthase organizes in fibers. The crystal structure shows differences in complex formation to bacterial orthologs as interface variations. Alternative positioning of an a helix distinguishes an open conformation from a closed state when the enzyme binds substrate. The pentose substrate is covalently attached through its C1 and forms a Schiff base with Lys84. Ammonia transfer between Pdx2 glutaminase and Pdx1 active sites is regulated by a transient tunnel. The mutagenesis analysis allows defining the requirement for conservation of critical methionines, whereas there is also plasticity in ammonia tunnel construction as seen from comparison across different species.<br/