Fuzzy-based efficient control of DC microgrid configuration for PV-energized EV charging station

Electric vehicles (EVs) are considered as the leading-edge form of mobility. However, the integration of electric vehicles with charging stations is a contentious issue. Managing the available grid power and bus voltage regulation is addressed through renewable energy. This work proposes a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV)-powered EV charging station with converter control technique. The controller unit is interfaced with the renewable energy source, bidirectional converter, and local energy storage unit (ESU). The bidirectional converter provides a regulated output with a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) during charging and discharging. The fuzzy control is implemented to maintain a decentralized power distribution between the microgrid DC-link and ESU. The PV coupled to the DC microgrid of the charging station is variable in nature. Hence, the microgrid-based charging is examined under a range of realistic scenarios, including low, total PV power output and different state of charge (SOC) levels of ESU. In order to accomplish the effective charging of EV, a decentralized energy management system is created to control the energy flow among the PV system, the battery, and the grid. The proposed controller’s effectiveness is validated using a simulation have been analyzed using MATLAB under various microgrid situations. Additionally, the experimental results are validated under various modes of operation.Web of Science166art. no. 275

Analyzing and Biasing Simulations with PLUMED

This chapter discusses how the PLUMED plugin for molecular dynamics can be used to analyze and bias molecular dynamics trajectories. The chapter begins by introducing the notion of a collective variable and by then explaining how the free energy can be computed as a function of one or more collective variables. A number of practical issues mostly around periodic boundary conditions that arise when these types of calculations are performed using PLUMED are then discussed. Later parts of the chapter discuss how PLUMED can be used to perform enhanced sampling simulations that introduce simulation biases or multiple replicas of the system and Monte Carlo exchanges between these replicas. This section is then followed by a discussion on how free-energy surfaces and associated error bars can be extracted from such simulations by using weighted histogram and block averaging techniques

Palynologická syntéza pro Českou republiku

Cílem je shromáždit holocenní pylové sekvence a získat z nich syntetickou informaci o historii vegetace a rozšíření druhů v minulosti. Jako modelový druh byla vybrána Lonicera nigra. Fylogeografická hypotéza, totiž že její alpské a karpatské populace přežily glaciální maximum v samostatných refugiích, je podpořena pouze pozdně glaciálním záznamem. V průběhu teplejších oscilací tohoto období došlo k její rychlé migraci z jižní do střední Evropy. Na syntézu vegetační historie byl aplikován model REVEALS. Ve srovnání s tradičním použitím pylových procent, REVEALS zohledňuje následující faktory, které ovlivňují vztah mezi pylovým spadem a okolní vegetací: pylová produktivita, šíření a ukládání pylu. Bylo třeba spočítat a otestovat tyto parametry, takže cíl je částečně metodický. Odhady produktivity pylu (PPEs) jsou vypočteny v okruhu relevantní zdrojové oblasti pylu, která je jedním z výstupů výpočtu a která je ovlivněna strukturou vegetace. Následné ověření těchto hodnot v území pro model REVEALS 10000 km2 a výběr dalších PPEs chybějících taxonů vytvořilo nejlepší soubor parametrů pro zájmovou oblast. Suborem fosilních dat pro účely této syntézy je nově vytvořená Česká Kvartérní Pylová Databáze (PALYCZ). Nepřímá multivariační analýza pylových procent všech taxonů ukázala podobnost mezi koncem a začátkem...The aim is to gather pollen sequences and derive from them synthetic information on past species distribution and Holocene vegetation history. Lonicera nigra was selected as a model taxa. The phylogeographic hypothesis that its Alpine and Carpathian populations survived the LGM in separate refugia is supported only by the Late-Glacial record. This shrub migrated rapidly from southern to central Europe during the warm oscilations of the Late Glacial. The synthesis of vegetation history was produced by applying the REVEALS model, which can filter out following factors influencing the relationship between pollen and vegetation: pollen taphonomy, pollen productivity and pollen dispersal. It was necessary to calculate and test those parameters, so the goals were partly methodical. Pollen productivity estimates are calculated within the Relevant Source Area of Pollen, which is influenced by vegetation structure. Subsequent validation of those values in the area of the REVEALS model 10000 km2 and selection of additional values for lacking taxa created the best set of parameters for the study area. The source fossil dataset for purposes of this synthesis is the newly developed Czech Quaternary Pollen database (PALYCZ). Non-direct multivariate analysis of pollen percentages including all taxa revealed a similarity...Katedra botanikyDepartment of BotanyFaculty of SciencePřírodovědecká fakult

Palynological synthesis for the Czech Republic

The aim is to gather pollen sequences and derive from them synthetic information on past species distribution and Holocene vegetation history. Lonicera nigra was selected as a model taxa. The phylogeographic hypothesis that its Alpine and Carpathian populations survived the LGM in separate refugia is supported only by the Late-Glacial record. This shrub migrated rapidly from southern to central Europe during the warm oscilations of the Late Glacial. The synthesis of vegetation history was produced by applying the REVEALS model, which can filter out following factors influencing the relationship between pollen and vegetation: pollen taphonomy, pollen productivity and pollen dispersal. It was necessary to calculate and test those parameters, so the goals were partly methodical. Pollen productivity estimates are calculated within the Relevant Source Area of Pollen, which is influenced by vegetation structure. Subsequent validation of those values in the area of the REVEALS model 10000 km2 and selection of additional values for lacking taxa created the best set of parameters for the study area. The source fossil dataset for purposes of this synthesis is the newly developed Czech Quaternary Pollen database (PALYCZ). Non-direct multivariate analysis of pollen percentages including all taxa revealed a similarity..

Palynologická syntéza pro Českou republiku

The aim is to gather pollen sequences and derive from them synthetic information on past species distribution and Holocene vegetation history. Lonicera nigra was selected as a model taxa. The phylogeographic hypothesis that its Alpine and Carpathian populations survived the LGM in separate refugia is supported only by the Late-Glacial record. This shrub migrated rapidly from southern to central Europe during the warm oscilations of the Late Glacial. The synthesis of vegetation history was produced by applying the REVEALS model, which can filter out following factors influencing the relationship between pollen and vegetation: pollen taphonomy, pollen productivity and pollen dispersal. It was necessary to calculate and test those parameters, so the goals were partly methodical. Pollen productivity estimates are calculated within the Relevant Source Area of Pollen, which is influenced by vegetation structure. Subsequent validation of those values in the area of the REVEALS model 10000 km2 and selection of additional values for lacking taxa created the best set of parameters for the study area. The source fossil dataset for purposes of this synthesis is the newly developed Czech Quaternary Pollen database (PALYCZ). Non-direct multivariate analysis of pollen percentages including all taxa revealed a similarity...Cílem je shromáždit holocenní pylové sekvence a získat z nich syntetickou informaci o historii vegetace a rozšíření druhů v minulosti. Jako modelový druh byla vybrána Lonicera nigra. Fylogeografická hypotéza, totiž že její alpské a karpatské populace přežily glaciální maximum v samostatných refugiích, je podpořena pouze pozdně glaciálním záznamem. V průběhu teplejších oscilací tohoto období došlo k její rychlé migraci z jižní do střední Evropy. Na syntézu vegetační historie byl aplikován model REVEALS. Ve srovnání s tradičním použitím pylových procent, REVEALS zohledňuje následující faktory, které ovlivňují vztah mezi pylovým spadem a okolní vegetací: pylová produktivita, šíření a ukládání pylu. Bylo třeba spočítat a otestovat tyto parametry, takže cíl je částečně metodický. Odhady produktivity pylu (PPEs) jsou vypočteny v okruhu relevantní zdrojové oblasti pylu, která je jedním z výstupů výpočtu a která je ovlivněna strukturou vegetace. Následné ověření těchto hodnot v území pro model REVEALS 10000 km2 a výběr dalších PPEs chybějících taxonů vytvořilo nejlepší soubor parametrů pro zájmovou oblast. Suborem fosilních dat pro účely této syntézy je nově vytvořená Česká Kvartérní Pylová Databáze (PALYCZ). Nepřímá multivariační analýza pylových procent všech taxonů ukázala podobnost mezi koncem a začátkem...Department of BotanyKatedra botanikyFaculty of SciencePřírodovědecká fakult

The natural vegetation of Czech Swiss and its changes as a result of colonization and forest management

Katedra botanikyDepartment of BotanyPřírodovědecká fakultaFaculty of Scienc

Present-day vegetation helps quantifying past land cover in selected regions of the Czech Republic.

The REVEALS model is a tool for recalculating pollen data into vegetation abundances on a regional scale. We explored the general effect of selected parameters by performing simulations and ascertained the best model setting for the Czech Republic using the shallowest samples from 120 fossil sites and data on actual regional vegetation (60 km radius). Vegetation proportions of 17 taxa were obtained by combining the CORINE Land Cover map with forest inventories, agricultural statistics and habitat mapping data. Our simulation shows that changing the site radius for all taxa substantially affects REVEALS estimates of taxa with heavy or light pollen grains. Decreasing the site radius has a similar effect as increasing the wind speed parameter. However, adjusting the site radius to 1 m for local taxa only (even taxa with light pollen) yields lower, more correct estimates despite their high pollen signal. Increasing the background radius does not affect the estimates significantly. Our comparison of estimates with actual vegetation in seven regions shows that the most accurate relative pollen productivity estimates (PPEs) come from Central Europe and Southern Sweden. The initial simulation and pollen data yielded unrealistic estimates for Abies under the default setting of the wind speed parameter (3 m/s). We therefore propose the setting of 4 m/s, which corresponds to the spring average in most regions of the Czech Republic studied. Ad hoc adjustment of PPEs with this setting improves the match 3-4-fold. We consider these values (apart from four exceptions) to be appropriate, because they are within the ranges of standard errors, so they are related to original PPEs. Setting a 1 m radius for local taxa (Alnus, Salix, Poaceae) significantly improves the match between estimates and actual vegetation. However, further adjustments to PPEs exceed the ranges of original values, so their relevance is uncertain

Disturbance frequency indices

List of plant species and their corresponding disturbance index as in Herben et al. (2016). Frequency of plant species in present-day vegetation was extracted from Chytrý & Rafajová (2003). Each plant taxon is assigned to a pollen taxon according to Beug (2004)