Bullying-Erfahrungen bei PatientInnen einer Ambulanz für Kinder- und Jugendpsychotherapie – eine besonders gefährdete Gruppe?

Zusammenfassung. Fragestellung: Bullying hat kurz- und langfristige negative Auswirkungen auf die körperliche und psychische Gesundheit. Daher ist zu erwarten, dass Kinder/Jugendliche aus klinischen Einrichtungen besonders häufig von Bullying-Opfererfahrungen betroffen sind. Diese Studie beschreibt erstmalig die Prävalenz der Bullying-Rollen und -Modi bei Kindern/Jugendlichen im ambulanten psychotherapeutischen Setting in Deutschland. Methodik: 298 PatientInnen einer universitären Ambulanz für Kinder- und Jugendpsychotherapie (6–20 Jahre, 50.7 % weiblich) wurden mithilfe eines Fragebogens zu ihren Bullying-Erfahrungen innerhalb der letzten 6 Monate befragt. Ergebnisse: 24.5 % der PatientInnen berichteten von Erfahrungen aus der Opferperspektive, unabhängig ihrer TäterInnenerfahrungen. 19.1 % berichten von Opfererfahrungen, 5.4 % von gleichzeitigen Opfer-/TäterInnenerfahrungen, 2.0 % von TäterInnenerfahrungen. Es zeigte sich, dass über ein Drittel der Betroffenen mit gleichzeitiger Opfer-/TäterInnenerfahrung polyviktimisiert wurde, 86.2 % erfuhren ausschließlich traditionelle Viktimisierung und 1.4 % ausschließlich Cyber-Bullying. Der explorative Vergleich mit unselektierten Schulstichproben deutet auf signifikant mehr Opfererfahrungen und weniger TäterInnenerfahrungen hin. Es gibt keine Hinweise auf signifikante Unterschiede bezüglich gleichzeitig auftretender Opfer- und TäterInnenerfahrungen. Der explorative Vergleich mit einer stationären Vergleichsstichprobe deutet auf signifikant weniger jugendliche PatientInnen mit Opfererfahrungen oder gleichzeitig auftretender Opfer- und TäterInnenerfahrungen hin. Schlussfolgerungen: Bullying kommt im psychotherapeutischen Kontext eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Die Befunde haben wichtige Implikationen für die psychotherapeutische Praxis und Ausbildung. Bullying experiences in outpatients of a child and adolescent psychotherapy centre – A particularly vulnerable group? Abstract. Objective: Bullying has both short- and long-term effects on physical and mental health. Thus, more victimized children might tend to be found in clinical samples. This is the first study to examine the prevalence of bullying roles and modes in children/adolescents in a psychotherapeutic outpatient setting in Germany. Method: 298 outpatients being treated in a child/adolescent psychotherapy centre (6–20 years, 50.7 % female) completed a questionnaire concerning their bullying experiences over the last 6 months. Results: 24.5 % of the patients reported from a victim’s perspective, independent of being perpetrators of bullying. 19.1 % reported solely as victims, 5.4 % as victims who also bullied (bully-victims), and 2.0 % as bullies. More than one-third of those with victim or bully-victim experiences had been polyvictimized, 86.2 % were victims solely of traditional bullying, and 1.4 % solely of cyberbullying. The exploratory comparison to general-population school samples seems to show significantly more patients with victim experiences and significantly less patients who bullied others. There seem to be no significant effects for bully-victims. Compared to an inpatient sample, significantly fewer adolescent patients seem to state being victims or bully-victims. Conclusions: Bullying is a topic of particular importance in the context of psychotherapy. These findings have implications for the psychotherapeutic practice as well as training settings

Oxidative Stress and NO Signalling in the Root Apex as an Early Response to Changes in Gravity Conditions

Oxygen influx showed an asymmetry in the transition zone of the root apex when roots were placed horizontally on ground. The influx increased only in the upper side, while no changes were detected in the division and in the elongation zone. Nitric oxide (NO) was also monitored after gravistimulation, revealing a sudden burst only in the transition zone. In order to confirm these results in real microgravity conditions, experiments have been set up by using parabolic flights and drop tower. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was also monitored. Oxygen, NO, and ROS were continuously monitored during normal and hyperand microgravity conditions in roots of maize seedlings. A distinct signal in oxygen and NO fluxes was clearly detected only in the apex zone during microgravity, with no significant changes in normal and in hypergravity conditions. The same results were obtained by ROS measurement. The detrimental effect of D' orenone, disrupting the polarised auxin transport, on the onset of the oxygen peaks during the microgravity period was also evaluated. Results indicates an active role of NO and ROS as messengers during the gravitropic response, with probable implications in the auxin redistribution

Bi-Directional Sexual Dimorphisms of the Song Control Nucleus HVC in a Songbird with Unison Song

Sexually dimorphic anatomy of brain areas is thought to be causally linked to sex differences in behaviour and cognitive functions. The sex with the regional size advantage (male or female) differs between brain areas and species. Among adult songbirds, males have larger brain areas such as the HVC (proper name) and RA (robust nucleus of the arcopallium) that control the production of learned songs. Forest weavers (Ploceus bicolor) mated pairs sing a unison duet in which male and female mates learn to produce identical songs. We show with histological techniques that the volume and neuron numbers of HVC and RA were ≥1.5 times larger in males than in females despite their identical songs. In contrast, using in-situ hybridizations, females have much higher (30–70%) expression levels of mRNA of a number of synapse-related proteins in HVC and/or RA than their male counterparts. Male-typical and female-typical sexual differentiation appears to act on different aspects of the phenotypes within the same brain areas, leading females and males to produce the same behaviour using different cellular mechanisms

UPAYA MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA MELALUI MEDIA GAME EDUCATION DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPS DI MTs HASBUR RACHMAN ALIF DESA LENGKONG WETAN KABUPATEN MAJALENGKA

ASEP SAMSUL MA'ARIF : Berdasarkan Observasiawal di kelas VII MTs Hasbur Rachman Alif terlihat proses pembelajaran IPS masih menggunakan media spidol dan papan tulis. Sehingga banyak siswa yang kurang memperhatikan guru pada saat proses pembelajaran., Hal ini berakibat pada kejenuhan dan kebosanan yang berdampak pada hasil belajar siswa yang kurang dari KKM yang diterapkan di MTs Hasbur Rachman Alif yakni 70. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana penerapan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan media Game Education pada mata pelajaran IPS Terpadu, aktivitas siswa dan kinerja guru dengan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan media Game Education, dan mengetahui motivasi belajar siswa sebelum dan setelah diterapkannya pembelajaran dengan menggunakan media Game education pada mata pelajaran IPS Terpadu di MTs Hasbur Rachman Alif. Pembelajaran dengan menggunakan media Game Education menekankan motivasi siswa untuk berpikir kritis dan menuangkan. Hal ini memudahkan siswa untuk mengakses materi IPS yang banyak dimanapun, serta mempemudah daya ingat siswa tentang apayatgtelah didapatkan selama proses pembelajaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (pTK) yang dilaksanakan selama tiga siklus. Teknik Pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, tes, dan dokumentasi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII MTs Hasbur Rachman Alif sebanyak 31 siswa yang terdiri dari 18 siswa laki-laki dan 13 siswa perempuan. Pembelajaran dengan menggunakan media Game Education dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa hal ini terlihat dari hasil tes yang telah dilakukan selama tiga siklus, dimana pada pratindakan (pretes) nilai sebesar 65,25 dan ketuntasan belajar 25 yo, siklus I nilai rata-rata sebesar 76,75 dan ketuntasan_ belajar siswa sebesar 65,5%o siklus II nilai rata-rata siswa 85,75 dan nilai ketuntasan belajar sebesar 90% siklus III dengan nilai rata-rata 92,25 dan ketuntasan belajar mengalami peningkatanya itu 97,5yo. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran dengan menggunakan media Game Education merupakan salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPS Terpadu di MTs Hasbur Rachman Alif. Kata Kunci: Game Education, MotivasiBelajar, PTK

THE APPLICATION OF SPEED READING AT INTERMEDIATE LEVEL (A Case Study of Qualitative Research in One of Senior High School at Majalengka)

Muhammad Salim Pajri. 14111330143. THE APPLICATION OF SPEED READING AT INTERMEDIATE LEVEL (A Case Study of Qualitative Research in One of Senior High School at Majalengka) Reading is the important things in education, because people can get knowledge and information from reading. Without reading people cannot absorb many sciences. Here, the researcher use speed reading technique as the tool of analyzing to know the learning and teaching process at intermediate level. Moreover, the aims of this research are (1). To know the teaching and learning process of speed reading. (2). To know students’ attitude towards teaching and learning speed reading. (3). To know overcome of the difficulties of speed reading. Theoretically, is regarding to the reading area, especially in the reading comprehension by using speed reading technique. Practically, the researcher will analyze of speed reading in one of Senior High School at Majalengka which has benefit for teacher to know students’ ability in school. The research finding and discussion told about the teaching and learning process of speed reading at intermediate level. There are three activities of speed reading techniques. (1) Preparation Activity: teacher begins with greetings, deliver material and prepare students by warming up to focuss in learning process. (2) Core Activity: teacher teaches all the materials of speed reading. (3) Follow-up Activity: teacher gives exercise as the activity to know students score of speed reading test. The result of the analysis shows there are 5 students’ attitude towards teaching and learning speed reading. then, the finding shows that (1). Students’ feeling towards teaching and learning using speed reading in general: students like speed reading then also comfortable. (2). Students’ feeling towards the process of teaching and learning speed reading: they get comprehension of this technique. (3). Students’ difficulties in learning using speed reading: there are unfamiliar word on athe text. (4). Students’ feeling towards their comprehension in learning using speed reading: they get purpose in speed reading learning. (5). Students’ motivation in learning using speed reading: they can read books in fast time. It was found the overcome of difficulties of speed reading technique they are the process of the teaching speed reading and response the students’ response towards it, difficulties, disadvantages and teaching using speed reading technique and the result, usefulness, critics, and suggestions of teaching using speed reading technique. From the research that has been done, it can be concluded that there is way to apply speed reading by using steps of speed reading. From this technique will increase students’ ability in reading process. It can help students to read fast and efficient time. Keywords: Reading Comprehension, Speed Reading, Intermediate Leve

Production of charged pions, kaons, and (anti-)protons in Pb-Pb and inelastic pp collisions at √sNN=5.02 TeV

Midrapidity production of π±, K±, and (¯p)p measured by the ALICE experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider, in Pb-Pb and inelastic pp collisions at √sNN=5.02 TeV, is presented. The invariant yields are measured over a wide transverse momentum (pT) range from hundreds of MeV/c up to 20 GeV/c. The results in Pb-Pb collisions are presented as a function of the collision centrality, in the range 0–90%. The comparison of the pT-integrated particle ratios, i.e., proton-to-pion (p/π) and kaon-to-pion (K/π) ratios, with similar measurements in Pb-Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV show no significant energy dependence. Blast-wave fits of the pT spectra indicate that in the most central collisions radial flow is slightly larger at 5.02 TeV with respect to 2.76 TeV. Particle ratios (p/π, K/π) as a function of pT show pronounced maxima at pT≈3 GeV/c in central Pb-Pb collisions. At high pT, particle ratios at 5.02 TeV are similar to those measured in pp collisions at the same energy and in Pb-Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV. Using the pp reference spectra measured at the same collision energy of 5.02 TeV, the nuclear modification factors for the different particle species are derived. Within uncertainties, the nuclear modification factor is particle species independent for high pT and compatible with measurements at √sNN=2.76 TeV. The results are compared to state-of-the-art model calculations, which are found to describe the observed trends satisfactorily.publishedVersio

Study of J/ψ azimuthal anisotropy at forward rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at √sNN=5.02 TeV

The second (v2) and third (v3) flow harmonic coefficients of J/ψ mesons are measured at forward rapidity (2.5 < y < 4.0) in Pb-Pb collisions at √ sNN = 5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. Results are obtained with the scalar product method and reported as a function of transverse momentum, pT, for various collision centralities. A positive value of J/ψ v3 is observed with 3.7σ significance. The measurements, compared to those of prompt D0 mesons and charged particles at mid-rapidity, indicate an ordering with vn(J/ψ) < vn(D0 ) < vn(h±) (n = 2, 3) at low and intermediate pT up to 6 GeV/c and a convergence with v2(J/ψ) ≈ v2(D0 ) ≈ v2(h±) at high pT above 6–8 GeV/c. In semicentral collisions (5–40% and 10–50% centrality intervals) at intermediate pT between 2 and 6 GeV/c, the ratio v3/v2 of J/ψ mesons is found to be significantly lower (4.6σ) with respect to that of charged particles. In addition, the comparison to the prompt D0 -meson ratio in the same pT interval suggests an ordering similar to that of the v2 and v3 coefficients. The J/ψ v2 coefficient is further studied using the Event Shape Engineering technique. The obtained results are found to be compatible with the expected variations of the eccentricity of the initial-state geometry.publishedVersio