Explainable Information Security: Development of a Construct and Instrument

Despite the increasing efforts to encourage information security (InfoSec) compliance, employees’ refusal to follow and adopt InfoSec remains a challenge for organisations. Advancements in the behavioural InfoSec field have recently highlighted the importance of developing usable and employeecentric InfoSec that can motivate InfoSec compliance more effectively. In this research, we conceptualise the theoretical structure for a new concept called explainable InfoSec and develop a research instrument for collecting data about this concept. Data was then collected from 724 office workers via an online survey. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to validate the theoretical structure of the explainable InfoSec construct, and we performed structural equation modelling to examine the construct’s impact on intention to comply with organisational InfoSec. The validated theoretical structure of explainable InfoSec consists of two dimensions, fairness and transparency, and the construct was found to positively influence compliance intention

Digital Kaizen: An Approach for Conducting Large-Scale Digital Transformation Projects

While digital transformation creates opportunities across all industries, many businesses still do not know how to embark on this journey and hesitate to commit resources to such an unclear initiative. By using the interpretive case study method, this paper investigates how Digital Kaizen–a philosophy that focuses on making continuous digital improvements–could guide large-scale digital transformation activities in incremental steps. Our findings show that the adoption of Digital Kaizen has urged the investigated organization to continuously address cross-functional issues that are aligned with their strategic business goals, through implementing incremental digital changes that improve business processes and people engagement. Subsequently, these activities lead to sustainable and scalable digital transformation success that re-defines the organization’s value creation processes and identity. This research suggests a new strategy for conducting large-scale digital transformation, by integrating Kaizen philosophy into digital transformation practices

Exploring Value Co-Destruction Process in Customer Interactions with AI-Powered Mobile Applications

Background: Mobile applications have emerged as important touchpoints for addressing service requests and optimizing human resources. Within the service industry, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into these applications has enabled the inference of product demand, provision of personalized service offers, and enhancement of overall firm value. Customers now engage with these apps to stay informed, seek guidance, and make purchases. It is important to recognize that the interactive and human-like qualities of AI can either foster the co-creation of value with customers or potentially lead to the co-destruction of customer value. Although prior research has examined the process of value co-creation, the present study aims to investigate the underlying factors contributing to the value co-destruction process, specifically within AI-powered mobile applications. Method: Our research employs topic modelling and content analysis to examine the value co-destruction process that occurs when customers engage with AI apps. We analyze 7,608 negative reviews obtained from eleven AI apps available on Google Play and App Store AI apps. Results: Our findings reveal six distinct types of value - utilitarian, hedonic, symbolic, social, epistemic, and economic value - that can be co-destroyed during the process. System failure, self-threat and privacy violation are some contributing factors to this value co-destruction process. These values change over time and vary depending on the type of app. Conclusion: Theoretically, our findings extend the concept of value co-destruction in the context of AI apps. We also offer practical recommendations for designing an AI app in a more service-friendly way

EFFECTS OF SALT STRESS ON PLANT GROWTH AND BIOMASS ALLOCATION IN SOME WETLAND GRASS SPECIES IN THE MEKONG DELTA

Salt stress causes serious damage to many cellular and physiological processes that leads to yield reduction. The study induced salt stress using Hoagland solution added NaCl to evaluate its effects on plant growth and biomass allocation of some wetland grass species in order to identify salt-tolerant species for replacing and/or supplementing rice/grass in rice-shrimp model and salt-affected area in the Mekong Delta. The study also seeks to evaluate the response of leaf chlorophyll (SPAD unit) and proline content in salt-treated plants to varying application of salinity. Typha orientalis, Lepironia articulata, Eleocharis dulcis and Scirpus littoralis were studied in hydroponics condition with four levels of NaCl of 5, 10, 15, 20‰ and the control treatment (without adding NaCl). The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with 3 replications. The salt-treated plants showed visually clear responses of inhibited growth under salt stress condition compared to the control plants. Among the four studied species, T. orientalis produced the highest dry shoot biomass (15.5 g DW/plant), while E. dulcis had the lowest value (2.8 g DW/plant). However, only T. orientalis showed significantly decreased in biomass as salinity increased with 9.3 and 4.6 times lower of fresh and dry biomass in plants grown at the salinity level of 20‰ compared to those grown in the control treatment. The other three plant species did not affect by salinity levels. The results indicated that S. littoralis, L. articulata and E. dulcis could tolerate at high salinity of 20‰ (eq. to the EC value in the nutrient solution of 38.0 dS/m) and could be potential candidate to grow in the rice-shrimp model or in the salt-affected soils. 

KHẢO SÁT ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA CAO CHIẾT CÂY NHÀU (MORINDA CITRIFOLIA L.) ĐẾN HOẠT ĐỘNG CỦA ENZYME GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATASE Ở CHUỘT BỆNH TIỂU ĐƯỜNG

Bệnh tiểu đường (BTĐ) là bệnh do rối loạn chuyển hóa carbohydrate với đặc trưng là tăng glucose mãn tính. Tình trạng tăng đường máu mãn tính chịu chi phối của nhiều nguyên nhân khác nhau. Trong đó enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) có chủ yếu trong gan và thận đóng vai trò quan trọng trong việc giữ cân bằng glucose trong cơ thể. Mục tiêu chính của nghiên cứu này là đánh giá khả năng hoạt động của enzyme G-6-Pase có trong gan và thận của chuột BTĐ được điều trị bằng cao chiết cây Nhàu (Morinda citrifolia L.). Chuột được gây BTĐ bằng alloxan monohydrate (AM) ở nồng độ 130 mg/kg trọng lượng chuột. Sau đó, chuột được điều trị bằng cách cho uống cao chiết Nhàu và thuốc trị bệnh tiểu đường glucofast. Sau 20 ngày, gan và thận chuột được giải phẫu để khảo sát hoạt động của enzyme G-6-Pase. Thực nghiệm đã chứng minh ngoài khả năng hạ đường huyết tương đương với thuốc glucofast, cao chiết Nhàu còn có tác dụng trong việc kiểm soát hoạt động quá mức của enzyme G-6-Pase ở những con chuột BTĐ

Drug-Related Problems in Coronary Artery Diseases

Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains the leading cause of mortality among cardiovascular diseases, responsible for 16% of the world’s total deaths. According to a statistical report published in 2020, the global prevalence of CAD was estimated at 1655 per 100,000 people and is predicted to exceed 1845 by 2030. Annually, in the United States, CAD accounts for approximately 610,000 deaths and costs more than 200 billion dollars for healthcare services. Most patients with CAD need to be treated over long periods with a combination of drugs. Therefore, the inappropriate use of drugs, or drug-related problems (DRPs), can lead to many consequences that affect these patients’ health, including decreased quality of life, increased hospitalization rates, prolonged hospital stays, increased overall health care costs, and even increased risk of morbidity and mortality. DRPs are common in CAD patients, with a prevalence of over 60%. DRPs must therefore be noticed and recognized by healthcare professionals. This chapter describes common types and determinants of DRPs in CAD patients and recommends interventions to limit their prevalence

Safety and efficacy of fluoxetine on functional outcome after acute stroke (AFFINITY): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background Trials of fluoxetine for recovery after stroke report conflicting results. The Assessment oF FluoxetINe In sTroke recoverY (AFFINITY) trial aimed to show if daily oral fluoxetine for 6 months after stroke improves functional outcome in an ethnically diverse population. Methods AFFINITY was a randomised, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial done in 43 hospital stroke units in Australia (n=29), New Zealand (four), and Vietnam (ten). Eligible patients were adults (aged ≥18 years) with a clinical diagnosis of acute stroke in the previous 2–15 days, brain imaging consistent with ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke, and a persisting neurological deficit that produced a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 1 or more. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 via a web-based system using a minimisation algorithm to once daily, oral fluoxetine 20 mg capsules or matching placebo for 6 months. Patients, carers, investigators, and outcome assessors were masked to the treatment allocation. The primary outcome was functional status, measured by the mRS, at 6 months. The primary analysis was an ordinal logistic regression of the mRS at 6 months, adjusted for minimisation variables. Primary and safety analyses were done according to the patient's treatment allocation. The trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12611000774921. Findings Between Jan 11, 2013, and June 30, 2019, 1280 patients were recruited in Australia (n=532), New Zealand (n=42), and Vietnam (n=706), of whom 642 were randomly assigned to fluoxetine and 638 were randomly assigned to placebo. Mean duration of trial treatment was 167 days (SD 48·1). At 6 months, mRS data were available in 624 (97%) patients in the fluoxetine group and 632 (99%) in the placebo group. The distribution of mRS categories was similar in the fluoxetine and placebo groups (adjusted common odds ratio 0·94, 95% CI 0·76–1·15; p=0·53). Compared with patients in the placebo group, patients in the fluoxetine group had more falls (20 [3%] vs seven [1%]; p=0·018), bone fractures (19 [3%] vs six [1%]; p=0·014), and epileptic seizures (ten [2%] vs two [<1%]; p=0·038) at 6 months. Interpretation Oral fluoxetine 20 mg daily for 6 months after acute stroke did not improve functional outcome and increased the risk of falls, bone fractures, and epileptic seizures. These results do not support the use of fluoxetine to improve functional outcome after stroke

Digital Kaizen: An Approach to Digital Transformation

While digital transformation creates opportunities across all industries, many organisations and practitioners struggle to grasp what conducting digital transformation entails and seek directions for how digital transformation programs, especially large and complex ones, can be executed. In response, recent studies have offered such directions and models for guiding digital transformation and put forward suggestions for steps and phases of digital transformation, as well as drivers, enablers, and inhibitors. Many of these proposals are based on the dynamic capabilities framework as a theoretical foundation and invite more research to develop further and/or to refine existing models for digital transformation, especially investigating how dynamic capabilities contribute to digital transformation. In this case study, we explore Digital Kaizen, a systematic approach to conduct large-scale digital transformation developed and applied at our case organisation FPT Software. This approach integrates the Kaizen philosophy into digital transformation practices that lead to digital improvements and transformation of some of the company’s human resource management processes and its business model. Our analysis and our reflections on our findings lead us to propose a novel Digital Kaizen process model for digital transformation informed by the dynamic capabilities framework

Value co-destruction in AI-powered mobile applications: analysis of customer reviews

Customers increasingly interact with non-human actors such as AI-powered mobile applications (AI apps) for information, advice, and purchase. As the main actor in the service delivery process, these AI apps and their novel resources not only co-create but also co-destroy value with customers in a more complex way. This study explores the contributing factors of value co-destruction during the interaction between customers and AI apps. Drawing on the service dominant logic perspective, we analysed 1,683 negative reviews from eight AI apps retrieved from Google Play and App Store. We identified six different types of values (utilitarian, hedonic, symbolic, social, epistemic, and economic values) that can be co-destroyed. The contributing factors of value co-destruction include system failure, threat of self, privacy concern, and justification of the result. Our findings offer theoretical contributions to the AI-driven service literature and provide practical recommendations for designing AI apps to avoid value co-destruction

Phytoremediation Potential of Typha orientalis and Scirpus littoralis in Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Intensive Whiteleg Shrimp Wastewater

The rapid development of whiteleg shrimp farming in the Mekong delta of Vietnam has an adverse impact on the environment due to large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus content in wastewater and pond sludge/sediment. Phytoremediation is a promising technique to use plant for mitigating environmental impacts from intensively whiteleg shrimp culture. Growth responses, nitrogen and phosphorus removal of Typha orientalis and Scirpus littoralis were assessed at three water levels of +15 cm, +30 cm and +45 cm. They were arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications. The plants were supplied wastewater from intensive whiteleg shrimp tanks once every two weeks. Waterlogged assessment was conducted for 71 days. Water levels significantly affected plant growth rate and nutrient removal capacity. S. littoralis grew well with a lower mortality rate and had no statistical reduction of biomass compared to T. orientalis at the highest water level of +45 cm. T. orientalis had the best perfromance in growth and biomass responses to waterlogged at water levels of +15 cm and +30 cm. The results indicated that S. littoralis was the best of choice to grow in waterlogged condition of the shrimp pond for maintaining water quality