ANALYSIS OF CAPITAL GAME TROPHY IN CROATIA BEETWEN 2007 TO 2012 YEAR

Tema ovog rada je usporedno utvrđivanje kvalitete i strukture kapitalnih trofeja divljači stečenih na području Republike Hrvatske od lovne 2007./2008. do 2011./2012. godine kroz 5 lovnih godina u 1079 lovišta čija je ukupna površina 5 212 921 hektar. Podaci su prikupljeni i sistematski obrađeni iz ETD obrazaca koje su lovoovlaštenici dostavili Hrvatskom lovačkom savezu prema broju i vrstama, strukturi, županijama i lovoovlaštenicima gdje su trofeji stečeni što predstavlja kvalitetnu bazu za ovu vrstu analize. Tijekom 5 lovnih godina ukupno je stečeno 45 985 trofeja divljači od čega je kapitalnih 6 685 što iznosi 14,54 %. Broj ocijenjenih trofeja kao i udio kapitalnih grla iz godine u godinu pokazuje tendenciju rasta, kao i vrijednost trofeja obzirom na strukturu dodijeljenih medalja. Kvalitetnu bazu podataka predstavljaju ETD obrasci obzirom na zakonsku obvezu i činjenicu da svake naredne godine sve više lovoovlaštenika dostavlja obvezne evidencije ocjenjenih trofeja divljači. Prikupljeni podaci su obrađeni, a rezultati prikazani u nekoliko tablica i grafičkih prikaza, a analizom dobivenih podataka nameće se zaključak kvalitetnog gospodarenja populacijama divljači i staništem. Podizanjem brojnog stanja i trofejne vrijednosti divljači stvorit će se pretpostavke za razvoj lovnog turizma i omogućit će se ekonomičnost i financijska isplativost lovnog gospodarenja na razini lovoovlaštenika, županije, regije i Republike Hrvatske.Theme of this work is comparatively determining the quality and structure of capital game trophies acquired on Croatian territory from hunting 2007./2008. to 2011./2012. year through five years of hunting in 1079 hunting area with a total area of 5 212 921 hectare. Data were collected and analysed systematically from ETD forms that hunting ground delivered to the Croatian Hunting Federation according to the number and types, structure, counties and hunting ground concessionaires where trophies are earned, where allocated which represents a high quality base for this type of analysis. During the five years of hunting it is acquired 45 985 game trophies which capital was 6 685 (14,54%). The number of estimated trophy as well as number of capital trophies from year to year shows an increasing tendency, same as the values of trophies given to the structure of medals. Quality database represent ETD forms given the legal obligation and the fact that every year more and more concessionaire delivers required evidence-rated game trophies. The collected data were analysed and the results are presented in several tables and charts. The data analysis leads to the conclusion of quality management of wildlife populations and habitat. Raising the number and wildlife trophy values will create conditions for the development of hunting tourism and will allow the economy and the financial viability of hunting management at the level of hunting managers, county, region and Croatia

A Simple Index for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis-HUFA-Based on Routinely Performed Blood Tests

Background and objectives: Data suggests that nearly 30% of the general population have steatosis and up to 5% of this population develops nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Liver biopsy is still considered to be the gold standard for the diagnosis of NASH. Great effort is being made toward the identification of sensitive diagnostic tests that do not involve invasive procedures to address a common concern in patients with the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-whether they have NASH or simple steatosis. We aimed to investigate the independent predictors and develop a non-invasive, easy-to-perform, low-cost set of parameters that may be used in clinical practice to differentiate simple steatosis from NASH. Methods: А cross-sectional study of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients divided into two groups: group I-simple steatosis (SS) and group II-biopsy-proven NASH. Strict inclusion criteria and stepwise analysis allowed the evaluation of a vast number of measured/estimated parameters. Results: One hundred and eleven patients were included-82 with simple steatosis and 29 with biopsy-proven NASH. The probability of NASH was the highest when homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was above 2.5, uric acid above 380 µmol/L, ferritin above 100 µg/L and ALT above 45 U/L. An acronym of using first letters was created and named the HUFA index. This combined model resulted in an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.94, provided sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and a negative predictive value for NASH of 70.3%, 95.1%, 83.1% and 90.0%, respectively. Conclusion: We suggest a simple non-invasive predictive index HUFA that encompasses four easily available parameters (HOMA-IR, uric acid, ferritin and ALT) to identify patients with NASH, which may reduce the need for a liver biopsy on a routine basis in patients with NAFLD

Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy: A Case Study of the Rare Onset in the First Trimester

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a gestation-specific liver disorder, defined most often as the onset of pruritus, usually from the third trimester of pregnancy, associated with abnormal liver test results and/or increased total serum bile acids and spontaneous relief after delivery. The 21-year-old patient was admitted to our ward in the 11th week of pregnancy due to raised liver enzymes. The first onset of pruritus and jaundice appeared a month before hospitalization. Immunology tests and Toxoplasma gondii were negative. We excluded viral etiology, while alpha-1-antitrypsin, serum and urine copper levels, and thyroid hormones were within the reference values. The patient denied she had taken any medicines and herbal preparations before and during pregnancy. Total bile acids in the serum were significantly elevated (242 μmol/L). The abdominal ultrasound revealed a regular finding. Liver biopsy suggested a cholestatic liver disorder. After a presentation of all risks, the patient decided to stop the pregnancy. After a month, the hepatogram was within the reference values. Very rarely an ICP can occur in early pregnancy (first trimester), which calls for close monitoring. The risk of serious adverse fetal outcomes and spontaneous preterm delivery is proportional with increased levels of maternal serum bile acid

ANALYSIS OF CAPITAL GAME TROPHY IN CROATIA BEETWEN 2007 TO 2012 YEAR

Tema ovog rada je usporedno utvrđivanje kvalitete i strukture kapitalnih trofeja divljači stečenih na području Republike Hrvatske od lovne 2007./2008. do 2011./2012. godine kroz 5 lovnih godina u 1079 lovišta čija je ukupna površina 5 212 921 hektar. Podaci su prikupljeni i sistematski obrađeni iz ETD obrazaca koje su lovoovlaštenici dostavili Hrvatskom lovačkom savezu prema broju i vrstama, strukturi, županijama i lovoovlaštenicima gdje su trofeji stečeni što predstavlja kvalitetnu bazu za ovu vrstu analize. Tijekom 5 lovnih godina ukupno je stečeno 45 985 trofeja divljači od čega je kapitalnih 6 685 što iznosi 14,54 %. Broj ocijenjenih trofeja kao i udio kapitalnih grla iz godine u godinu pokazuje tendenciju rasta, kao i vrijednost trofeja obzirom na strukturu dodijeljenih medalja. Kvalitetnu bazu podataka predstavljaju ETD obrasci obzirom na zakonsku obvezu i činjenicu da svake naredne godine sve više lovoovlaštenika dostavlja obvezne evidencije ocjenjenih trofeja divljači. Prikupljeni podaci su obrađeni, a rezultati prikazani u nekoliko tablica i grafičkih prikaza, a analizom dobivenih podataka nameće se zaključak kvalitetnog gospodarenja populacijama divljači i staništem. Podizanjem brojnog stanja i trofejne vrijednosti divljači stvorit će se pretpostavke za razvoj lovnog turizma i omogućit će se ekonomičnost i financijska isplativost lovnog gospodarenja na razini lovoovlaštenika, županije, regije i Republike Hrvatske.Theme of this work is comparatively determining the quality and structure of capital game trophies acquired on Croatian territory from hunting 2007./2008. to 2011./2012. year through five years of hunting in 1079 hunting area with a total area of 5 212 921 hectare. Data were collected and analysed systematically from ETD forms that hunting ground delivered to the Croatian Hunting Federation according to the number and types, structure, counties and hunting ground concessionaires where trophies are earned, where allocated which represents a high quality base for this type of analysis. During the five years of hunting it is acquired 45 985 game trophies which capital was 6 685 (14,54%). The number of estimated trophy as well as number of capital trophies from year to year shows an increasing tendency, same as the values of trophies given to the structure of medals. Quality database represent ETD forms given the legal obligation and the fact that every year more and more concessionaire delivers required evidence-rated game trophies. The collected data were analysed and the results are presented in several tables and charts. The data analysis leads to the conclusion of quality management of wildlife populations and habitat. Raising the number and wildlife trophy values will create conditions for the development of hunting tourism and will allow the economy and the financial viability of hunting management at the level of hunting managers, county, region and Croatia

ANALYSIS OF CAPITAL GAME TROPHY IN CROATIA BEETWEN 2007 TO 2012 YEAR

Tema ovog rada je usporedno utvrđivanje kvalitete i strukture kapitalnih trofeja divljači stečenih na području Republike Hrvatske od lovne 2007./2008. do 2011./2012. godine kroz 5 lovnih godina u 1079 lovišta čija je ukupna površina 5 212 921 hektar. Podaci su prikupljeni i sistematski obrađeni iz ETD obrazaca koje su lovoovlaštenici dostavili Hrvatskom lovačkom savezu prema broju i vrstama, strukturi, županijama i lovoovlaštenicima gdje su trofeji stečeni što predstavlja kvalitetnu bazu za ovu vrstu analize. Tijekom 5 lovnih godina ukupno je stečeno 45 985 trofeja divljači od čega je kapitalnih 6 685 što iznosi 14,54 %. Broj ocijenjenih trofeja kao i udio kapitalnih grla iz godine u godinu pokazuje tendenciju rasta, kao i vrijednost trofeja obzirom na strukturu dodijeljenih medalja. Kvalitetnu bazu podataka predstavljaju ETD obrasci obzirom na zakonsku obvezu i činjenicu da svake naredne godine sve više lovoovlaštenika dostavlja obvezne evidencije ocjenjenih trofeja divljači. Prikupljeni podaci su obrađeni, a rezultati prikazani u nekoliko tablica i grafičkih prikaza, a analizom dobivenih podataka nameće se zaključak kvalitetnog gospodarenja populacijama divljači i staništem. Podizanjem brojnog stanja i trofejne vrijednosti divljači stvorit će se pretpostavke za razvoj lovnog turizma i omogućit će se ekonomičnost i financijska isplativost lovnog gospodarenja na razini lovoovlaštenika, županije, regije i Republike Hrvatske.Theme of this work is comparatively determining the quality and structure of capital game trophies acquired on Croatian territory from hunting 2007./2008. to 2011./2012. year through five years of hunting in 1079 hunting area with a total area of 5 212 921 hectare. Data were collected and analysed systematically from ETD forms that hunting ground delivered to the Croatian Hunting Federation according to the number and types, structure, counties and hunting ground concessionaires where trophies are earned, where allocated which represents a high quality base for this type of analysis. During the five years of hunting it is acquired 45 985 game trophies which capital was 6 685 (14,54%). The number of estimated trophy as well as number of capital trophies from year to year shows an increasing tendency, same as the values of trophies given to the structure of medals. Quality database represent ETD forms given the legal obligation and the fact that every year more and more concessionaire delivers required evidence-rated game trophies. The collected data were analysed and the results are presented in several tables and charts. The data analysis leads to the conclusion of quality management of wildlife populations and habitat. Raising the number and wildlife trophy values will create conditions for the development of hunting tourism and will allow the economy and the financial viability of hunting management at the level of hunting managers, county, region and Croatia

Central venous catheter as vascular approach in patients with acute liver insufficiency

Liver cirrhosis is complex pathological condition which may arise due to different etiological factors. Due to improper functioning of the liver all other processes in the organism are compromised; besides, complications of cirrhosis are multiple and life threatening. When caring for patients with liver cirrhosis, especially for patients with complicated diseases, well-trained nurses and technicians have central role in providing assistance tophysicians. Stabilization of emergency patients with acute hepatic failure (AHF) is also major challenge. Treatment of these patients is complex, and frequently there is a necessity to provide safe venous access with central venous catheter (CVC). Appropriate use of the CVC contributes to faster recovery of patients with AHF and shorten their stay in the intensive care unit

Attitudes of Nurses Toward Organ Donation in Serbia

Objective. Nurses represent the key persons in the process of organ donation, acting as intermediaries between the patient and the family of a potential donor. The aim of this study was to analyze the factors influencing the attitudes of nurses toward bequeathing and organ and tissue donation. Methods. The research was designed as a cross-sectional study from November 2013 to November 2014 and included a sample of 264 nurses employed in the health system of Serbia. Data were collected using a specific questionnaire of 18 questions referring to the information on sociodemographic characteristics and the knowledge of organ donation. Results. The investigation enrolled 264 participants, of which 78% were women. The majority of study subjects had secondary medical education (64.4%), lived in an urban area (82.6%), were married (56.4%), and were predominantly Orthodox (87.1%) with their work experience between 5 and 10 years (29.9%) and 10 to 20 years (29.5%). The average knowledge score concerning organ donation was 29.03 (SD, 2.33; range, 23-34). There was a statistically significant difference in the scores between 2 groups formed according the length of service (P < .001) and the level of education (P ¼ .019), which showed the strongest influence on nurses’ attitudes toward donation. Conclusion. This investigation showed that nurses did not express strong positive attitude toward this issue. Further education of nurses in the Serbian health care system focusing on transplantation and bequeathing of organs and tissues are warranted.