Parental Socialization of Child Gratitude and Links to Child Outcomes

Research shows that the gratitude is associated with positive mental health in both adults and children. However, research on how gratitude is learned or socialized is limited. The goal of the proposed study was to examine parental socialization of gratitude and its relation to children\u27s gratitude to predict children\u27s positive affect, depressive symptoms, and social skills. A mediation model was tested to determine if children\u27s gratitude explained the link between mother socialization and child outcomes. It was expected that these indirect paths would be stronger for older children. Participants were 95 mother-child dyads who completed a battery of questionnaires and a video-recorded discussion task that was coded for socialization and understanding of gratitude. Using Hayes\u27 PROCESS, a moderated mediation model indicated that mother\u27s elaboration of gratitude during the discussion task was associated with higher levels of communication skills for children through children\u27s understanding of gratitude, with the path from children\u27s gratitude understanding to communication being moderated by child age. In other words, mothers\u27 socialization of gratitude led to a better understanding of gratitude for children, which then led to increased communication skills for older children specifically. These results are important because they provide evidence for the paths through which gratitude is socialized in children. As a result, this study may prompt further research and the development of gratitude interventions to increase gratitude understanding in children and ultimately, the overall well-being and social skills of individuals

A review on the impact of aircraft cabin air quality and cabin pressure on human wellbeing

Airliner cabins present more complicated scenario due to different design and operation challenges owing to the extreme environmental conditions, complexity of the operational systems, and the authorities that govern such environments. The scientific evaluation is rendered difficult due to lack of empirical evidence determining the airliner cabin air quality as well as consequent health effects occurring due to short or long flight exposure. Crew members and passengers report dizziness, fatigue, headaches, sinus and ear problems, dry eyes and sore throats during and after travel. There are persistent concerns about the transmission of infectious agents such as influenza, tuberculosis and measles viruses during flights. Moreover, a systematic collection of data related to airplane environmental exposures is not yet available and the effects of environmental conditions on wellbeing of travelers and their comfort level are yet to be fully ascertained. In this work, a systematic review of the air quality inside the airliner cabin are discussed. The potential pollutants and their established causes are discussed. In addition to this, major health discomforts faced by the occupants are presented

Computational Fluid Dynamics Study Of Nasal Cavity Model

Understanding the properties of airflow in the nasal cavity is very important in determining the nasal physiology and in diagnosis of various anomalies associated with the nose. Inter-human anatomical variation for the nasal cavity exists and also differences on physiological morphology are observed based on gender. No specific numerical modeling studies have been carried out to compare and ascertain the effect of gender on flow variable inside the nasal cavity. Also numerical modeling involves various simplifications, for example the postural effect and appropriate boundary conditions which affect the outcome of the airflow studies. The present work involves development of three-dimensional nasal cavity models using computed tomographic images of healthy Malaysian females. A steady state continuity and Navier stoke equations were solved for both inspiratory and expiratory mechanism with flow rates ranging from 7.5 to 15 L/min as laminar and 20 to 40 L/min studies were simulated depicting turbulent flow conditions. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis provided effective visualization of the flow features inside the nasal cavity. The comparison between inspiratory and expiratory mechanism and the effect of different breathing rates on nasal function have been presented. The value of maximum wall shear stress at the vestibule region increased by more than 2000 % as the flow rate increased from 7.5 to 40 L/min. The complicated anatomy of the nasal cavity has been naturally designed to attain the physiological function desired to facilitate normal breathing. The xix current study has identified certain gender based anatomical and physiological differences. The use of computational fluid dynamic has assisted in the understanding of these differences which could not be earlier quantified based on mere medical observation and measurement devices. The influence of postural changes in nasal cavity has also been investigated. Around 0.3% change in the average static pressure is observed while changing from sitting to supine position. The change in the direction of gravity due to change of posture significantly influences the flow parameters and hence should be considered in all future studies involving nasal flow. Most of the researchers employ plug flow boundary definitions to address the flow problems associated with nasal flow. This study has revealed the fallacy of such a definition and found significant differences in values obtained in either case. Comparative study of the pull flow model and the plug flow model has found significant variations highlighting the need for using the right boundary conditions. At the nasal valve, the resistance for plug flow was 0.311 Pa-min/L and for pull flow the value was 0.147 Pa-min/L. Maximum variation was noticed at the vestibule region with 0.3578 Pa-min/L. The average velocity for nasal vestibule and nasal valve is 1.4m/s and 1.6m/s for plug flow. Whereas, for pull flow case, the average velocity value in nasal vestibule and nasal valve region was observed to be around 0.96m/s and 1.41m/s respectively. A correct approach therefore to the numerical model is the pull flow model, which more directly represents the physiological inspiratory mechanism

Computational Fluid Dynamics Study Of Nasal Cavity Model

Understanding the properties of airflow in the nasal cavity is very important in determining the nasal physiology and in diagnosis of various anomalies associated with the nose. Inter-human anatomical variation for the nasal cavity exists and also differences on physiological morphology are observed based on gender. No specific numerical modeling studies have been carried out to compare and ascertain the effect of gender on flow variable inside the nasal cavity. Also numerical modeling involves various simplifications, for example the postural effect and appropriate boundary conditions which affect the outcome of the airflow studies

疾患鼻気道における空気流と粒子堆積の計算流体力学的研究

Understanding the properties of airflow in the nasal cavity is very important in determining the nasal physiology and in diagnosis of various anomalies associated with the nose. The complex anatomy of the nasal cavity has proven to be a significant obstacle in the understanding of nasal obstructive disorders. Due to their non-invasiveness, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has now been utilized to assess the effects of surgical interventions on nasal morphological changes as well as local breathing airflow characteristics through the upper airway of individual patients. Furthermore, nasal inhalation is a major route of entry into body for airborne pollutions. Therefore, the function of the upper airway to filter out the inhaled toxic particles is considered important. The determination of the total particle filtering efficiency and the precise location of the induced lesion in the upper airway is the first step in understanding the critical factors involved in the pathogenesis of the upper airway injury. The present work involved development of three-dimensional diseased upper airway models from Computed Tomographic (CT) scan images derived from a nasal airway without any nasal diseased and an upper airway which was diagnosed with chronic nasal obstruction and obstructive sleep apnea. Numerical simulation of airflow and transport and deposition of inhaled pollutant through chronic diseased nasal airway, constricted pharyngeal representing Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and diseased upper airway with OSA for pre- and post-operative cases have been studied. Detailed flow pattern and characteristics for inspiratory airflow for various breathing rates (7.5-40 L/min) were evaluated. Simulation of the particle transport and deposition of micro-sized particles with particle diameter ranging from 1-40 ?m were also investigated. In the first part of this study, the surgical treatment performed in the nasal cavity which include septoplasty, inferior turbinate reduction and partial concha bullosa resection substantially increased nasal volume, which influenced flow partitioning and decreases the pressure drop and flow resistance of the nasal passage. The removal of the obstruction in the nasal airway significantly improve the breathing quality. However, the nasal airway experienced approximately about a 50 % decrease in total particle filtering efficiency after surgery. Therefore, careful consideration should be given to this matter before nasal operation especially for a patient with breathing allergic history. In the second part of this study, the morphology of the constricted pharyngeal representing OSA was found to significantly affect the airflow pattern and the deposition fraction of microparticles. The morphology of the upper airway, the size of the inhaled particle and breathing rate was found significantly affect the total particle deposition efficiency and local deposition fraction in the upper airway. The presented regional deposition fraction may be used in specifying the site of highest possibility for respiratory lesions according to the breathing rate and the size of the inhaled toxic particles. Results obtained from this study can be also used to estimate the location of airway obstruction in upper airway of patient with sleep apnea symptom. In the third part of this study, the surgical conducted procedure has cleared out the obstructions in the nasal airway hence improve the airflow distribution through the upper airway during inhalation process. This study shows that the nasal surgery alone can help improve the breathing quality in the upper airway with OSA. The reduction of the airflow resistance in the nasal cavity affect the pressure distribution in the lower part of the upper airway. Obstruction in the nasal passage and sudden airway expansion in the upper airway increased number of particles trap, recirculated and finally deposited in the airway. Finally, the experimental data obtained from the experimental study utilizing the developed pharyngeal airway further validate the result obtained from the numerical study.九州工業大学博士学位論文 学位記番号：生工博甲第315号 学位授与年月日：平成30年3月23日1: INTRODUCTION|2: LITERATURE REVIEW|3: MODELLING THE HUMAN UPPER AIRWAY|4: NUMERICAL SIMULATION METHODOLOGY|5: NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION ON AIRFLOW CHARACTERISTICS IN NASAL CAVITY HAVING TURBINATE HYPERTROPHY, CONCHA BULLOSA, AND SEPTUM DEVIATION WITH OSA: PRE- AND POST SURGERY|6: COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS STUDY OF AIRFLOW AND MICROPARTICLE DEPOSITION IN A CONSTRICTED PHARYNGEAL SECTION REPRESENTING OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA DISEASE|7: NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF AIRFLOW AND AEROSOL DEPOSITION IN REALISTIC HUMAN UPPER AIRWAY WITH OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA AND CHRONIC NASAL OBSTRUCTION: PRE- AND POST-SURGERY|8: EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION|9: CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RECOMMENDATIONS九州工業大学平成29年

The Development of Infantry Firearms and its Impact on Army Tactics

International audience(Loi n° 2000-196 du 6 mars 2000

疾患鼻気道における空気流と粒子堆積の計算流体力学的研究

九州工業大学博士学位論文（要旨）学位記番号：生工博甲第315号 学位授与年月日：平成30年3月23

The impact of decadal-scale Indian Ocean Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies on Sahelian rainfall and the North Atlantic Oscillation

The sea surface temperatures (SSTs) of the tropical Indian Ocean show a pronounced warming since the 1950s. We have analyzed the impact of this warming on Sahelian rainfall and on the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) by conducting ensemble experiments with an atmospheric general circulation model. Additionally, we investigate the impact of the other two tropical oceans on these two climate parameters. Our results suggest that the warming trend in the Indian Ocean played a crucial role for the drying trend over the West Sahel from the 1950s to 1990s and may also have contributed to the strengthening of the NAO during the most recent decades