Labour market adjustment in Europe during the crisis : microeconomic evidence from the Wage Dynamics Network survey

En el contexto de un ajuste continuado de los mercados de trabajo de la UE en respuesta a la gran recesión y la crisis de la deuda soberana, el Sistema Europeo de Bancos Centrales (SEBC) llevó a cabo la tercera ola de la encuesta de la Wage Dynamics Network (WDN) entre 2014 y 2015, como continuación de las dos olas previas realizadas en 2007 y 2009. Esta encuesta recopiló información sobre las prácticas de fijación de salarios a nivel de empresa para 25.000 empresas en 25 países europeos con el objetivo de evaluar cómo las empresas europeas ajustaron los salarios y el empleo en respuesta a las diversas perturbaciones económicas y reformas laborales que tuvieron lugar en la Unión Europea (UE) entre 2010 y 2013. Este documento resume los principales resultados de esta tercera ola de la encuesta de la WDN identificando algunos patrones en los ajustes realizados por las empresas y el impacto de las reformas del mercado de trabajo. El objetivo es esbozar las principales lecciones aprendidas de la encuesta tanto en relación con la respuesta agregada de los mercados de trabajo de la UE a la crisis como sobre la heterogeneidad entre los distintos países europeosAgainst the backdrop of continuing adjustment in EU labour markets in response to the Great Recession and the sovereign debt crisis, the European System of Central Banks (ESCB) conducted the third wave of the Wage Dynamics Network (WDN) survey in 2014-15 as a follow-up to the two previous WDN waves carried out in 2007 and 2009. The WDN survey collected information on wage-setting practices at the firm level. This third wave sampled about 25,000 fi rms in 25 European countries with the aim of assessing how firms adjusted wages and employment in response to the various shocks and labour market reforms that took place in the European Union (EU) during the period 2010-13. This paper summarises the main results of WDN3 by identifying some patterns in firms’ adjustments and labour market reforms. It seeks to lay out the main lessons learnt from the survey in terms of both the general response of EU labour markets to the crisis and how these responses varied across the countries that took part in the surve

Loss of TRIM33 causes resistance to BET bromodomain inhibitors through MYC- and TGF-β-dependent mechanisms

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. We thank Phillip B. Murray for help with the shRNA mapping pipeline and Francesc Lopez-Giraldez for help with RNAseq mapping software.Peer reviewedPostprintPostprin

Prevalence of antibiotic use for dogs and cats in United States veterinary teaching hospitals, August 2020.

BackgroundAwareness of prescribing practices helps identify opportunities to improve antibiotic use (AU).ObjectivesTo estimate AU prevalence in dogs and cats in U.S. veterinary teaching hospitals (VTHs) and identify antibiotic drugs commonly prescribed, indications for use, and evidence of bacterial infection.AnimalsMedical record data were collected from dogs and cats examined at 14 VTHs.MethodsData were collected from VTH medical records of dogs and cats examined by primary care, urgent care, emergency and critical care, internal medicine, and surgery services on a single day during August 13-September 3, 2020. Data included signalment; clinical service; inpatient or outpatient status; clinical conditions; diagnostic tests; evidence of bacterial infection; intended reason for AU; name and route of antibiotics prescribed.ResultsOf 883 dogs and cats, 322 (36.5%) were prescribed at least 1 antibiotic. Among 285 antibiotics administered systemically intended for treatment of infection, 10.9% were prescribed without evidence of infection. The most common class of antibiotics presribed for systemic administration was potentiated penicillin for dogs (115/346, 33.3%) and cats (27/80, 33.8%). For dogs and cats, first-generation cephalosporins (93/346, 26.9% and 11/80, 13.8%, respectively) and fluoroquinolones (51/346, 14.7% and 19/80, 23.8%, respectively) was second or third most-prescribed. Common AU indications included skin, respiratory, and urinary conditions, and perioperative use.Conclusions and clinical importanceCollaborative data collection provides a sustainable methodology to generate national AU prevalence estimates and bring attention to areas requiring additional research and detailed data collection. These efforts can also identify practice improvement opportunities in settings where future veterinarians are trained

Pleiotropic role of TRAF7 in skull-base meningiomas and congenital heart disease

While somatic variants of TRAF7 (Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 7) underlie anterior skull-base meningiomas, here we report the inherited mutations of TRAF7 that cause congenital heart defects. We show that TRAF7 mutants operate in a dominant manner, inhibiting protein function via heterodimerization with wild-type protein. Further, the shared genetics of the two disparate pathologies can be traced to the common origin of forebrain meninges and cardiac outflow tract from the TRAF7-expressing neural crest. Somatic and inherited mutations disrupt TRAF7-IFT57 interactions leading to cilia degradation. TRAF7-mutant meningioma primary cultures lack cilia, and TRAF7 knockdown causes cardiac, craniofacial, and ciliary defects in Xenopus and zebrafish, suggesting a mechanistic convergence for TRAF7-driven meningiomas and developmental heart defects

Development of a Nationally Representative Coordinated Registry Network for Prostate Ablation Technologies

The accumulation of data through a prospective, multicenter coordinated registry network is a practical way to gather real world evidence on the performance of novel prostate ablation technologies. Urological oncologists, targeted biopsy experts, industry representatives and representatives of the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) convened to discuss the role, feasibility and important data elements of a coordinated registry network to assess new and existing prostate ablation technologies. A multiround Delphi consensus approach was performed which included the opinion of 15 expert urologists, representatives of the FDA and leadership from high intensity focused ultrasound device manufacturers. Stakeholders provided input in 3 consecutive rounds with conference calls following each round to obtain consensus on remaining items. Participants agreed that these elements initially developed for high intensity focused ultrasound are compatible with other prostate ablation technologies. Coordinated registry network elements were reviewed and supplemented with data elements from the FDA common study metrics. The working group reached consensus on capturing specific patient demographics, treatment details, oncologic outcomes, functional outcomes and complications. Validated health related quality of life questionnaires were selected to capture patient reported outcomes, including the IIEF-5 (International Index of Erectile Function-5), the I-PSS (International Prostate Symptom Score), the EPIC-26 (Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite-26) and the MSHQ-EjD (Male Sexual Health Questionnaire for Ejaculatory Dysfunction). Group consensus was to obtain followup multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and prostate biopsy approximately 12 months after ablation with additional imaging or biopsy performed as clinically indicated. A national prostate ablation coordinated registry network brings forth vital practice pattern and outcomes data for this emerging treatment paradigm in the United States. Our multiple stakeholder consensus identifies critical elements to evaluate new and existing energy modalities and devices