Rates of Influenza-like Illness and Winter School Breaks, Chile, 2004–2010

To determine effects of school breaks on influenza virus transmission in the Southern Hemisphere, we analyzed 2004–2010 influenza-like–illness surveillance data from Chile. Winter breaks were significantly associated with a two-thirds temporary incidence reduction among schoolchildren, which supports use of school closure to temporarily reduce illness, especially among schoolchildren, in the Southern Hemisphere

Estudio de dos casos que impactaron en las exportaciones de madera peruana en el periodo 2018 - 2021

Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Ciencias Forestales. Departamento Académico de Industrias ForestalesEl presente trabajo expone dos casos y su impacto en las exportaciones del sector forestal maderable peruano en el periodo 2018 al 2021. El primer caso explica y expone la problemática del Drawback en el sector forestal, el cual se centra en el análisis e interpretación de las normas forestales de la autoridad aduanera (Superintendencia Nacional de Aduanas y Administración Tributaria [SUNAT]) para considerar que las empresas del sector no cumplirían con los requisitos para acogerse al beneficio, por lo tanto, solicitan que las empresas devuelvan el importe ya otorgado, además de multas e intereses. La exposición se hace desde el punto de vista empresarial, dada la importancia que tienen el Drawback y el rol de las instituciones relacionadas en la legalidad y trazabilidad de la madera para impulsar el desarrollo del sector forestal maderero, entendiendo que el manejo forestal es una herramienta de conservación de los bosques como fuente de materia prima y servicios ecosistémicos. El segundo caso trata sobre una modificación en la normativa de la autoridad fitosanitaria de Brasil respecto a la concentración de fosfina para fumigar madera verde; la concentración requerida por las autoridades brasileñas no era aceptada por la autoridad peruana (SENASA), lo que conllevó a tener embarques de madera listos para ser importados desde Brasil hacia Perú detenidos en la frontera. Este trabajo expone las acciones realizadas por ADEX para sustentar técnicamente los requerimientos a fin de que ambas instituciones determinen la concentración adecuada y sea aceptada por ambos países, a fin de que el comercio de madera entre Perú y Brasil pueda realizase sin inconvenientes.This paper exposes two cases and their impact on the Peruvian timber exports during the period 2018 to 2021. The first case explains and exposes the Drawback problem in the forestry sector, which focuses on the analysis and interpretation of the forest regulations of the customs authority (SUNAT) to consider that the companies in the sector would not meet the requirements to the benefit, therefore, they request that the companies return the amount already granted, in addition to fines and interest. The presentation is made from the business point of view, given the importance of Drawback and the role of related institutions in the legality and traceability of wood to promote the development of the timber forestry sector, understanding that forest management is a tool conservation of forests as a source of raw material and ecosystem services. The second case deals with a modification in the regulations of the Brazilian phytosanitary authoritiy regarding the concentration of phosphine to fumigate green wood; the concentration required by the Brazilian authorities was not accepted by the Peruvian authority (SENASA), which led to having shipments of wood ready to be imported from Brazil to Peru stopped at the border. This work exposes the actions carried out by ADEX to technically support the requirements so that both institutions determine the appropriate concentration and be accepted by both countries, so that the timber trade between Peru and Brazil can be carried out without inconvenience

El control interno y su influencia en los procesos contables de la empresa de seguridad y protección Bouncer S. A. C. del distrito de San Borja, en el año 2019

La presente investigación está basada en los procesos contables de la Empresa de Seguridad y Protección Bouncer S.A.C. debido a la falta de control interno, que usualmente no genera información verídica, razonable e idónea; es por ello, que el propósito de la investigación fue: Determinar la influencia del Control Interno en los Procesos Contables De la Empresa de Seguridad y Protección Bouncer S.A.C. del distrito de San Borja, en el año 2019. Asimismo, la hipótesis es que el Control Interno influye significativamente en los Procesos Contables De la Empresa de Seguridad y Protección Bouncer S.A.C. del distrito de San Borja, en el año 2019. Además, se utiliza el diseño de la investigación no experimental, transversal descriptiva. La población estuvo conformada por veinte colaboradores en la parte administrativa y la muestra es el total de la población, efectuándose la encuesta y considerando como instrumento el cuestionario. Entre los resultados más importante se determinó que el Control Interno influye en los Procesos Contable de la empresa investigada. Se concluye que, presenta una relación significativa avalada estadísticamente por el coeficiente de correlación de Rho de Spearman con un valor de 0.76 y un grado de significancia de 0,00.This investigation is based on the accounting processes of the Security and Protection Company called Bouncer S.A.C, due to the lack of internal control, which usually does not generate truthful, reasonable and adequate information; that is why the purpose of the investigation was: To determine the influence of Internal Control on the Accounting Processes of the Security and Protection Company Bouncer S.A.C. of San Borja district, in 2019. Likewise, the hypothesis is that Internal Control significantly influences the Accounting Processes of the Security and Protection Company Bouncer S.A.C. of San Borja district, in 2019. In addition, the design of non-experimental, cross-sectional descriptive research is used. The population was made up of twenty collaborators in the administrative part and the sample is the total of the population, the survey being carried out and considering the questionnaire as an instrument. Among the most important results, it was determined that Internal Control influences the Accounting Processes of the company under investigation. It is concluded that it presents a significant relationship statistically supported by spearman's Rho correlation coefficient with a value of 0.76 and a degree of significance of 0.00

Resistencia de Phytophthora Infestans (Montagne) de Bary a Metalaxil, en Cultivo de Papas en el Norte de Chile

The objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity to metalaxyl of two populations of Phytophthora infestans (Montagne) de Bary, affecting potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) crops in the IV and V Regions of Chile. A total of 254 isolates were studied in vitro and in vivo which were initially classified as sensitive or resistant according to their growth on Rye B media amended with 10 mg L-1 metalaxyl. CE 50 (effective concentration) values were estimated for each isolate from a regression curve of relative colony growth expressed in Probit unit versus six metalaxyl concentrations (0, 150, 250, 350, 450 and 550 mg L-1). The results of both years showed that all P. infestans isolates collected were resistant to metalaxyl. The CE 50 values for the isolates collected during 1999 in the IV Region ranged between 243 and 687 mg L-1 of metalaxyl, 9.6% of the isolates showed CE 50 values under 300 mg L-1. The CE 50 values for the isolates collected in the V Region showed values between 233 to 633 mg L-1 of metalaxyl, and 10.1% of the isolates showed CE 50 values lower than 300 mg L-1 of metalaxyl. All the isolates collected during 2000 were resistant to metalaxyl in both regions, 89.6 and 78.1% of the isolates collected in the IV and V region showed CE 50 values higher than 350 mg L-1 of metalaxyl respectively. The result of the metalaxyl sensitivity bioassay performed in a representative number of isolates showed similar results to the in vitro assay. This is the first report of resistance to metalaxyl in Chile.Con el objeto de determinar la sensibilidad a metalaxil de dos poblaciones de Phytophthora infestans (Montagne) de Bary, en cultivos de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) en diferentes localidades de la IV y V Regi\uf3n de Chile, se estudiaron mediante ensayos in vitro e in vivo 254 aislamientos, los cuales inicialmente fueron calificado como sensibles o resistentes de acuerdo a su crecimiento sobre agar centeno B y 10 mg L-1 de metalaxil. Su concentraci\uf3n efectiva media (CE 50), fue estimada mediante un modelo de regresi\uf3n lineal entre el logaritmo de seis concentraciones de metalaxil (0, 150, 250, 350, 450 y 550 mg L-1) y porcentaje de inhibici\uf3n transformado a unidades Probit. Los resultados de ambas temporadas demostraron que la totalidad de los aislamientos de P. infestans fueron resistentes a metalaxil. Aislamientos colectados en la IV Regi\uf3n durante 1999 presentaron variaciones de CE 50 entre 243 y 687 mg L-1 de metalaxil, 9,6% de ellos prresent\uf3 CE 50 inferior a 300 mg L-1 de metalaxil. Aislamientos colectados en la V Regi\uf3n variaron su CE 50 entre 233 y 633 mg L-1 de metalaxil y solamente 10,1% de ellos present\uf3 CE 50 inferior a 300 mg L-1 de metalaxil. La totalidad de los aislamientos colectados en la temporada 2000 fueron resistentes al fungicida, 89,6 y 78,1% de los colectados en la IV y V Regi\uf3n respectivamente, presentaron CE 50 superiores a 350 mg L-1 de metalaxil. Los resultados del bioensayo fueron consistentes con el trabajo in vitro

The influence of climatic conditions on the transmission dynamics of the 2009 A/H1N1 influenza pandemic in Chile

BACKGROUND: The role of demographic factors, climatic conditions, school cycles, and connectivity patterns in shaping the spatio-temporal dynamics of pandemic influenza is not clearly understood. Here we analyzed the spatial, age and temporal evolution of the 2009 A/H1N1 influenza pandemic in Chile, a southern hemisphere country covering a long and narrow strip comprising latitudes 17°S to 56°S. METHODS: We analyzed the dissemination patterns of the 2009 A/H1N1 pandemic across 15 regions of Chile based on daily hospitalizations for severe acute respiratory disease and laboratory confirmed A/H1N1 influenza infection from 01-May to 31-December, 2009. We explored the association between timing of pandemic onset and peak pandemic activity and several geographical and demographic indicators, school vacations, climatic factors, and international passengers. We also estimated the reproduction number (R) based on the growth rate of the exponential pandemic phase by date of symptoms onset, estimated using maximum likelihood methods. RESULTS: While earlier pandemic onset was associated with larger population size, there was no association with connectivity, demographic, school or climatic factors. In contrast, there was a latitudinal gradient in peak pandemic timing, representing a 16-39-day lag in disease activity from the southern regions relative to the northernmost region (P < 0.001). Geographical differences in latitude of Chilean regions, maximum temperature and specific humidity explained 68.5% of the variability in peak timing (P = 0.01). In addition, there was a decreasing gradient in reproduction number from south to north Chile (P < 0.0001). The regional mean R estimates were 1.6-2.0, 1.3-1.5, and 1.2-1.3 for southern, central and northern regions, respectively, which were not affected by the winter vacation period. CONCLUSIONS: There was a lag in the period of most intense 2009 pandemic influenza activity following a South to North traveling pattern across regions of Chile, significantly associated with geographical differences in minimum temperature and specific humidity. The latitudinal gradient in timing of pandemic activity was accompanied by a gradient in reproduction number (P < 0.0001). Intensified surveillance strategies in colder and drier southern regions could lead to earlier detection of pandemic influenza viruses and improved control outcomes

Strategy to Enhance Influenza Surveillance Worldwide1

Sentinel surveillance for severe acute respiratory infection and influenza-like illness is effective in resource-limited settings

The S-PLUS Fornax Project (S+FP): a first 12-band glimpse of the Fornax galaxy cluster

The Fornax galaxy cluster is the richest nearby (D ∼ 20 Mpc) galaxy association in the southern sky. As such, it provides a wealth of oportunities to elucidate on the processes where environment holds a key role in transforming galaxies. Although it has been the focus of many studies, Fornax has never been explored with contiguous homogeneous wide-field imaging in 12 photometric narrow- and broad-bands like those provided by the Southern Photometric Local Universe Survey (S-PLUS). In this paper we present the S-PLUS Fornax Project (S+FP) that aims to comprehensively analyse the galaxy content of the Fornax cluster using S-PLUS. Our data set consists of 106 S-PLUS wide-field frames (FoV∼1.4 ×1.4 deg2) observed in five SDSS-like ugriz broad-bands and seven narrow-bands covering specific spectroscopic features like [OII], CaII H+K, Hδ, G-band, Mg b triplet, Hα, and the CaII triplet. Based on S-PLUS specific automated photometry, aimed at correctly detecting Fornax galaxies and globular clusters in S-PLUS images, our dataset provides the community with catalogues containing homogeneous 12-band photometry for ∼3 × 106 resolved and unresolved objects within a region extending over ∼208 deg2 (∼5 Rvir in RA) around Fornax’ central galaxy, NGC 1399. We further explore the eagle and IllustrisTNG cosmological simulations to identify 45 Fornax-like clusters and generate mock images on all 12 S-PLUS bands of these structures down to galaxies with M⋆ ≥ 108 M⊙. The S+FP dataset we put forward in this first paper of a series will enable a variety of studies some of which are briefly presented.Fil: Smith Castelli, Analia Viviana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Cortesi, A. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Haack, Rodrigo Facundo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Lopes, A. R.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Thainá Batista, J.. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; BrasilFil: Cid Fernandes, R.. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; BrasilFil: Lomelí Núñez, L.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Ribeiro, U.. Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas; BrasilFil: de Bom, C. R.. Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas; BrasilFil: Cernic, V.. Universidade Do Sao Paulo. Instituto Astronomia, Geofísica E Ciencias Atmosfericas. Departamento de Astronomia; BrasilFil: Sodré, Laerte. Universidade Do Sao Paulo. Instituto Astronomia, Geofísica E Ciencias Atmosfericas. Departamento de Astronomia; BrasilFil: Zenocratti, Lucas Jesús. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata; ArgentinaFil: de Rossi, Maria Emilia. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Calderón, Juan Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Herpich, F.. Cambridge Survey Astronomical Unit; Reino UnidoFil: Telles, E.. Ministério de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacao. Observatorio Nacional; BrasilFil: Saha, K.. Inter University Centre For Astronomy And Astrophysics; IndiaFil: Lopes, P. A. A.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Lopes Silva, V. H.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Gonçalves, T. S.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Bambrila, D.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Cardoso, N. M.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Buzzo, M. L.. Swinburne University; AustraliaFil: Astudillo Sotomayor, P.. Universidad de Concepción; ChileFil: Demarco, R.. Universidad Andrés Bello; ChileFil: Leigh, N.. Universidad de Concepción; ChileFil: Sarzi, M.. Armagh Observatory And Planetarium, College Hill; Reino UnidoFil: Menéndez Delmestre, K.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Faifer, Favio Raúl. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Gutierrez Soto, Luis Angel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas. Instituto de Astrofísica La Plata; Argentin

Global burden of respiratory infections associated with seasonal influenza in children under 5 years in 2018: a systematic review and modelling study

Background: Seasonal influenza virus is a common cause of acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in young children. In 2008, we estimated that 20 million influenza-virus-associated ALRI and 1 million influenza-virus-associated severe ALRI occurred in children under 5 years globally. Despite this substantial burden, only a few low-income and middle-income countries have adopted routine influenza vaccination policies for children and, where present, these have achieved only low or unknown levels of vaccine uptake. Moreover, the influenza burden might have changed due to the emergence and circulation of influenza A/H1N1pdm09. We aimed to incorporate new data to update estimates of the global number of cases, hospital admissions, and mortality from influenza-virus-associated respiratory infections in children under 5 years in 2018. Methods: We estimated the regional and global burden of influenza-associated respiratory infections in children under 5 years from a systematic review of 100 studies published between Jan 1, 1995, and Dec 31, 2018, and a further 57 high-quality unpublished studies. We adapted the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to assess the risk of bias. We estimated incidence and hospitalisation rates of influenza-virus-associated respiratory infections by severity, case ascertainment, region, and age. We estimated in-hospital deaths from influenza virus ALRI by combining hospital admissions and in-hospital case-fatality ratios of influenza virus ALRI. We estimated the upper bound of influenza virus-associated ALRI deaths based on the number of in-hospital deaths, US paediatric influenza-associated death data, and population-based childhood all-cause pneumonia mortality data in six sites in low-income and lower-middle-income countries. Findings: In 2018, among children under 5 years globally, there were an estimated 109·5 million influenza virus episodes (uncertainty range [UR] 63·1–190·6), 10·1 million influenza-virus-associated ALRI cases (6·8–15·1); 870 000 influenza-virus-associated ALRI hospital admissions (543 000–1 415 000), 15 300 in-hospital deaths (5800–43 800), and up to 34 800 (13 200–97 200) overall influenza-virus-associated ALRI deaths. Influenza virus accounted for 7% of ALRI cases, 5% of ALRI hospital admissions, and 4% of ALRI deaths in children under 5 years. About 23% of the hospital admissions and 36% of the in-hospital deaths were in infants under 6 months. About 82% of the in-hospital deaths occurred in low-income and lower-middle-income countries. Interpretation: A large proportion of the influenza-associated burden occurs among young infants and in low-income and lower middle-income countries. Our findings provide new and important evidence for maternal and paediatric influenza immunisation, and should inform future immunisation policy particularly in low-income and middle-income countries. Funding: WHO; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.Fil: Wang, Xin. University of Edinburgh; Reino UnidoFil: Li, You. University of Edinburgh; Reino UnidoFil: O'Brien, Katherine L.. University Johns Hopkins; Estados UnidosFil: Madhi, Shabir A.. University of the Witwatersrand; SudáfricaFil: Widdowson, Marc Alain. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Estados UnidosFil: Byass, Peter. Umea University; SueciaFil: Omer, Saad B.. Yale School Of Public Health; Estados UnidosFil: Abbas, Qalab. Aga Khan University; PakistánFil: Ali, Asad. Aga Khan University; PakistánFil: Amu, Alberta. Dodowa Health Research Centre; GhanaFil: Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Estados UnidosFil: Bassat, Quique. University Of Barcelona; EspañaFil: Abdullah Brooks, W.. University Johns Hopkins; Estados UnidosFil: Chaves, Sandra S.. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Estados UnidosFil: Chung, Alexandria. University of Edinburgh; Reino UnidoFil: Cohen, Cheryl. National Institute For Communicable Diseases; SudáfricaFil: Echavarría, Marcela Silvia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. CEMIC-CONICET. Centro de Educaciones Médicas e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno". CEMIC-CONICET; ArgentinaFil: Fasce, Rodrigo A.. Public Health Institute; ChileFil: Gentile, Angela. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez"; ArgentinaFil: Gordon, Aubree. University of Michigan; Estados UnidosFil: Groome, Michelle. University of the Witwatersrand; SudáfricaFil: Heikkinen, Terho. University Of Turku; FinlandiaFil: Hirve, Siddhivinayak. Kem Hospital Research Centre; IndiaFil: Jara, Jorge H.. Universidad del Valle de Guatemala; GuatemalaFil: Katz, Mark A.. Clalit Research Institute; IsraelFil: Khuri Bulos, Najwa. University Of Jordan School Of Medicine; JordaniaFil: Krishnan, Anand. All India Institute Of Medical Sciences; IndiaFil: de Leon, Oscar. Universidad del Valle de Guatemala; GuatemalaFil: Lucero, Marilla G.. Research Institute For Tropical Medicine; FilipinasFil: McCracken, John P.. Universidad del Valle de Guatemala; GuatemalaFil: Mira-Iglesias, Ainara. Fundación Para El Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria; EspañaFil: Moïsi, Jennifer C.. Agence de Médecine Préventive; FranciaFil: Munywoki, Patrick K.. No especifíca;Fil: Ourohiré, Millogo. No especifíca;Fil: Polack, Fernando Pedro. Fundación para la Investigación en Infectología Infantil; ArgentinaFil: Rahi, Manveer. University of Edinburgh; Reino UnidoFil: Rasmussen, Zeba A.. National Institutes Of Health; Estados UnidosFil: Rath, Barbara A.. Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative; AlemaniaFil: Saha, Samir K.. Child Health Research Foundation; BangladeshFil: Simões, Eric A.F.. University of Colorado; Estados UnidosFil: Sotomayor, Viviana. Ministerio de Salud de Santiago de Chile; ChileFil: Thamthitiwat, Somsak. Thailand Ministry Of Public Health; TailandiaFil: Treurnicht, Florette K.. University of the Witwatersrand; SudáfricaFil: Wamukoya, Marylene. African Population & Health Research Center; KeniaFil: Lay-Myint, Yoshida. Nagasaki University; JapónFil: Zar, Heather J.. University of Cape Town; SudáfricaFil: Campbell, Harry. University of Edinburgh; Reino UnidoFil: Nair, Harish. University of Edinburgh; Reino Unid

Global burden of influenza-associated lower respiratory tract infections and hospitalizations among adults : a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND : Influenza illness burden is substantial, particularly among young children, older adults, and those with underlying conditions. Initiatives are underway to develop better global estimates for influenza-associated hospitalizations and deaths. Knowledge gaps remain regarding the role of influenza viruses in severe respiratory disease and hospitalizations among adults, particularly in lower-income settings. METHODS AND FINDINGS : We aggregated published data from a systematic review and unpublished data from surveillance platforms to generate global meta-analytic estimates for the proportion of acute respiratory hospitalizations associated with influenza viruses among adults. We searched 9 online databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Global Health, LILACS, WHOLIS, and CNKI; 1 January 1996-31 December 2016) to identify observational studies of influenza-associated hospitalizations in adults, and assessed eligible papers for bias using a simplified Newcastle-Ottawa scale for observational data. We applied meta-analytic proportions to global estimates of lower respiratory infections (LRIs) and hospitalizations from the Global Burden of Disease study in adults ≥20 years and by age groups (20-64 years and ≥65 years) to obtain the number of influenza-associated LRI episodes and hospitalizations for 2016. Data from 63 sources showed that influenza was associated with 14.1% (95% CI 12.1%-16.5%) of acute respiratory hospitalizations among all adults, with no significant differences by age group. The 63 data sources represent published observational studies (n = 28) and unpublished surveillance data (n = 35), from all World Health Organization regions (Africa, n = 8; Americas, n = 11; Eastern Mediterranean, n = 7; Europe, n = 8; Southeast Asia, n = 11; Western Pacific, n = 18). Data quality for published data sources was predominantly moderate or high (75%, n = 56/75). We estimate 32,126,000 (95% CI 20,484,000-46,129,000) influenza-associated LRI episodes and 5,678,000 (95% CI 3,205,000-9,432,000) LRI hospitalizations occur each year among adults. While adults <65 years contribute most influenza-associated LRI hospitalizations and episodes (3,464,000 [95% CI 1,885,000-5,978,000] LRI hospitalizations and 31,087,000 [95% CI 19,987,000-44,444,000] LRI episodes), hospitalization rates were highest in those ≥65 years (437/100,000 person-years [95% CI 265-612/100,000 person-years]). For this analysis, published articles were limited in their inclusion of stratified testing data by year and age group. Lack of information regarding influenza vaccination of the study population was also a limitation across both types of data sources. CONCLUSIONS : In this meta-analysis, we estimated that influenza viruses are associated with over 5 million hospitalizations worldwide per year. Inclusion of both published and unpublished findings allowed for increased power to generate stratified estimates, and improved representation from lower-income countries. Together, the available data demonstrate the importance of influenza viruses as a cause of severe disease and hospitalizations in younger and older adults worldwide.S1 Data. CSV-formatted analysis dataset.S1 Fig. Forest plot of individual study estimates included in meta-analysis (all adults).S1 PRISMA Checklist. PRISMA checklist.S1 Table. Literature search methodology and results, by database.S2 Table. Summary of published articles included in the analyses, with reference list.S3 Table. Median number of specimens tested and percent positive for influenza, by age group, study design, and population, among all data sources.S4 Table. Regional estimates of influenza-associated lower respiratory infection (LRI) episodes and hospitalizations, by age group.S5 Table. Sensitivity analyses.Grants from the Foundation for Influenza Epidemiology, grants from Innovative Medicines Initiative, grants from the WHO, personal fees from Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, grants and personal fees from Sanofi, grants from National Institute of Health Research, personal fees from Janssen and personal fees from AbbVie.https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/am2023Medical Virolog