64 research outputs found
Comparación de la utilidad de dos dietas hipocalóricas equilibradas con inclusión versus exclusión de pan en el tratamiento de pacientes con sobrepeso y obesidad
Tesis doctoral inédita realizada en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Medicina. Fecha de lectura: 9 de Diciembre de 2010
Importancia del equilibrio del índice omega-6/omega-3 en el mantenimiento de un buen estado de salud: recomendaciones nutricionales
The modification of dietary patterns has led to a
change in fatty acid consumption, with an increase in the
consumption of -6 fatty acids and a markerd reduction
in the consumption of -3 fatty acids. This in turn has
given rise to an imbalance in the -6/ -3 ratio, which is
now very different from the original 1:1 ratio of
humans in the past.
Given the involvement of -6 and -3 essential fatty
acids in disease processes, the present article examines
changes in dietary patterns that have led to the present
reduction in the consumption of -3 essential fatty
acids, and to study the importance of the -6/ -3 balance
in maintaining good health. In addition, an assesement
is made of the established recommendations for
preventing a poor intake of -3 essential fatty acids,
and the possible options for compensating the lack of
these fatty acids in the dietLa modificación de los hábitos alimentarios ha llevado
a un cambio en el consumo de ácidos grasos, con una
aumento de los ácidos grasos -6 y una marcada reducción
en el consumo de los ácidos grasos -3. Esto a su vez
ha dado lugar a un desequilibrio en la relación -6/ -3,
muy diferente de la proporción original 1:1 que tenían los
seres humanos en el pasado.
Dada la importancia de la relación entre los ácidos grasos
esenciales -6 y -3 en el desarrollo de diferentes enfermedades,
en el presente artículo se examinan los cambios en los
hábitos alimentarios que han llevado a la reducción en el
consumo de ácidos grasos esenciales -3, y se estudia la
importancia de este equilibrio en el mantenimiento de la
salud. Además, se realiza una evaluación de las recomendaciones
establecidas para prevenir una deficiencia en la
ingesta de ácidos grasos esenciales -3, y las posibles opciones
para compensar la falta de esos ácidos grasos en la diet
Efficacy evaluation of an oral powder supplement enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid in cancer patients
Introducción: El efecto beneficioso del ácido eicosapentaenoico
en pacientes con cáncer está ampliamente descrito sobre
todo en lo que respecta a su rol en la caquexia tumoral.
Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia de la administración de un
nuevo suplemento oral en polvo con adición de este componente
frente a un suplemento líquido estándar en un grupo
de pacientes oncológicos.
Pacientes y métodos: 61 adultos mayores de 18 años de
ambos sexos con cáncer, fueron aleatorizados en dos grupos
para recibir durante un mes 600 kcal extras añadidas a su alimentación;
uno a través de un suplemento oral en polvo con 1,5
g de ácido eicosapentaenoico/día (RSI) y el otro con un producto
líquido estándar (RE). Tanto al inicio como al final del
estudio se realizaron las siguientes medidas: valoración global
subjetiva generada por el paciente (VGS-gp), parámetros
antropométricos (Pliegues, circunferencia del brazo y bioimpedancia),
dietéticos (registro alimentario de 72 horas), bioquímicos
e inflamatorios (bioquímica básica, citoquinas, prealbúmina
y PCR). La calidad de vida fue valorada mediante el
cuestionario SF-36. Así mismo se emplearon escalas de percepción
sensorial, tolerancia de los productos y motivación y saciedad
al comer durante el estudio.
Resultados: Finalizaron el estudio 40 pacientes. Tras la
intervención ambos grupos mantuvieron sus parámetros
antropométricos y aumentaron significativamente la prealbúmina
(RSI 16,11 ± 5,66 mg/dl vs 19.81 ± 6.75 mg/dl p < 0,05 y
RE 16.55 ± 6.13 mg/dl vs 19.03 ± 5.47 mg/dl p < 0,05). El grupo
RSI disminuyó significativamente los valores de interferón
gamma (INF- ) (0,99 ± 0,95 vs 0,65 ± 0,92 pg/ml, p < 0,05). Sin
embargo, el grupo RE los aumentó al final del estudio (1,62 ±
1,27 vs 2,2 ± 3,19 pg/ml, p < 0,05). No se encontraron diferencias
significativas en la sensación de hambre, apetito, saciedad
y capacidad de ingesta tras la intervención en ambos grupos.
Las puntuaciones del SF-36 mejoraron en ambos grupos.
Conclusión: La suplementación durante un mes de un
producto en polvo enriquecido con 1,5 g de EPA en una
población de pacientes con cáncer, modula positivamente
ciertos parámetros inflamatorios. Este producto podría ser
una opción nueva a tener en cuenta que podría sumarse a
las estrategias de intervención para el tratamiento nutricional
del paciente oncológico.Background and objectives: The beneficial effect of eicosapentaenoic
acid in cancer patients is widely described
especially in relation to its role in tumour cachexia. The aim
of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of administration of
a new oral powder supplement enriched with eicosapentaenoic
acid compared to a standard liquid supplement in
cancer patients.
Patients and methods: A total of 61cancer patients, aged
more than 18 years, were randomized to receive during a
month a bonus of 600 kcal/ day to their regular diet with an
oral powder supplement enriched with eicosapentaenoic
acid (1.5 g) (RSI) or with a standard liquid supplement
(RE). The following data were collected at baseline and
after one month: the Patient-Generated Subjective Global
Assessment (pg-SGA), anthropometric measurements
(skin folds, circumferences and bioimpedance), dietary
parameters (3-day food record), biochemical and inflammatory
parameters (basic biochemistry, cytokines, prealbumin
and Reactive C Protein). Quality of life was evaluated
using the SF-36 questionnaire. At the end, scales were
used to asses sensory perception, tolerance and satiety
induced by the products and motivation to eat.
Results: 40 patients completed the study. After intervention,
anthropometric parameters do not change and prealbumin
values increased significantly in both groups (RSI
16.11 ± 5.66 mg/dl vs. 19.81 ± 6.75 mg/dl p < 0.05 and RE
6.13 ± 16.55 mg/dl vs. 19.03 ± 5.47 mg / dl p < 0.05). RSI
group significantly decreased interferon gamma (INF- )
values (0.99 ± 0.95 vs. 0.65 ± 0.92 pg/ml, p < 0.05). In contrast,
RE group increased INF- after intervention (1.62 ± 1
27 vs. 2.2 ± 3.19 pg/ml, p < 0.05). There were no significant
differences in hunger, appetite, satiety and intake capacity
in both groups. The SF-36 scores improved in both groups.
Conclusions: Supplementation based on an oral powder
formula enriched with 1.5g EPA during one month in cancer
patients improved certain inflammatory parameters.
This product may be a novel and valuable option to be
added to the nutritional intervention strategies used for
cancer patients.Este estudio fue financiado por Nestlé Health Care
Nutrition SA pero no tuvo intervención en el desarrollo
del diseño del estudio, la recolección de los datos, el
análisis estadístico, la interpretación de los resultados,
la redacción ni publicación de este artícul
Effect of different exercise modalities plus a hypocaloric diet on inflammation markers in overweight patients
Summary Background & aims
Inflammation markers (IM) have been associated with the development of chronic diseases. This study compares the effects on IM of three exercise programs combined with a hypocaloric diet.
Methods 119 overweight participants (73 women, 46 men) aged 18–50 years were randomised into four treatment groups: strength training (S; n = 30), endurance training (E; n = 30), combined S + E (SE; n = 30), and a diet and physical activity recommendations group (D; n = 29). Energy intake, anthropometric variables (AV), training variables (VO2peak, strength index, dynamometric strength index [DSI]) and plasma IM were recorded at baseline and after 22 weeks of treatment.
Results 84 participants completed the study. At 22 weeks, all groups showed a significantly reduced energy intake (P < 0.001) and improved AV (P < 0.001). VO2peak significantly increased in all groups (P < 0.01). DSI increased in the exercise groups only (P < 0.05). Plasma leptin fell significantly (P < 0.001) in the S and E groups, but not significantly in the SE group (P = 0.029) (no significant differences between these groups). Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations decreased in all groups when examined together, but not when examined separately. No significant differences were seen in interleukin-6 (IL-6).
Conclusions Combining strength or endurance training with a hypocaloric diet improved AV and reduced plasma leptin concentrations. No differences were seen between groups in terms of TNF-α, IL-6 or CRP reduction. This trial was registered at clinical trials.gov as NCT01116856. http://clinicaltrials.gov/
Estudio piloto sobre el efecto de la suplementación con ádico fólico en la mejor de los niveles de homocisteína, función cognitiva y estado depresivo en trastornos de la conducta alimentaria
Background & aims: Several authors have reported
low folate intake in patients with eating disorders (ED).
This vitamin plays an essential role in synthesis reactions
for neurotransmitters and structural elements of
neurons, and therefore its deficiency has been associated
with the presence of different disorders linked to mental
function. The aim of this study was to determine the effect
of folic acid supplementation on homocysteine levels and
the cognitive and depressive status of a group of patients
with eating disorders with low folate intake.
Subjects/methods: The study was designed as a
randomised, prospective clinical trial, which included 24
participants assigned to two treatment groups for six
months: supplemented group (SG) (10 mg/day of folic
acid [ACFOL®]) and a placebo group (PG). Both groups
maintained their medical, dietary and psychological
treatment. At baseline and end of the intervention,
anthropometric, dietary and biochemical parameters
(plasma homocysteine [Hcy], serum and red blood cell
folate) were recorded. Cognitive and depressive status
questionnaires were administered (Stroop Test, Trail
Making Test and Beck Depression Inventory).
Results: Twenty-two patients completed the study (SG:
12, PG: 10, mean age: 24.2 ± 8.8 years, BMI 18.9 ± 3.5
kg/m2). The SG significantly increased their serum and
red blood cell folate levels and lowered Hcy levels (9.4 ±
2.4 μmol/l vs. 7.5 ± 1.7 μmol/l, P < 0.01). The SG also
significantly improved most of their test scores for cognitive
and depressive status. The PG showed no significant
changes in any of the evaluated variables.
Conclusions: The results show that folic acid supplementation
may be used as another tool within the
comprehensive and multidisciplinary treatment applied
to patients with EDIntroducción y objetivo: Diferentes autores han reportado
una baja ingesta de ácido fólico en pacientes con
Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria (TCA). Esta vitamina
desempeña un papel esencial en las reacciones de
síntesis de neurotransmisores y elementos estructurales
de las neuronas y, por lo tanto, su deficiencia se ha asociado
con la presencia de diferentes trastornos relacionados
con la función mental. El objetivo de este estudio fue
determinar el efecto de la suplementación con ácido fólico
sobre los niveles de homocisteína y sobre marcadores de
función cognitiva y depresión en un grupo de pacientes
con TCA con baja ingesta de ácido fólico.
Sujetos y métodos: Estudio clínico randomizado y prospectivo
en el que se incluyeron 24 pacientes asignados a
dos grupos de tratamiento durante un período de 6
meses: grupo suplementado (SG) (10 mg/día de ácido
fólico [ACFOL®]) y grupo placebo (PG). Ambos grupos
mantuvieron su tratamiento médico, dietético y psicológico.
Al inicio del estudio y tras la intervención se evaluaron
parámetros antropométricos, dietéticos y bioquímicos
(homocisteína plasmática [Hcy], folato sérico y
eritrocitario). Como marcadores de función cognitiva y
depresión se administraron diferentes cuestionarios (Test
de Stroop, Trail Making Test, BDI: Cuestionario de percepción
de función cognitiva).
Resultados: Completaron el estudio 22 pacientes (SG:
12, PG: 10, edad media: 24,2 ± 8,8 años, IMC 18,9 ± 3,5
kg/m2). El grupo SG incrementó de forma significativa sus
niveles de folato sérico y eritrocitario y redujo el de homocisteína
(9,4 ± 2,4 μmol/l vs. 7,5 ± 1,7 μmol/l, P < 0,01). Además,
el grupo SG también mejoró significativamente las
puntuaciones de los test de función cognitiva y depresión.
En el grupo PG, en cambio, no se observaron cambios significativos
en ninguna de las variables evaluadas.
Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos demuestran
que la suplementación con ácido fólico podría emplearse
como una herramienta más dentro del complejo y multidisciplinario
tratamiento que requieren estos paciente
The Q223R polymorphism of the leptin receptor gene as a predictor of weight gain in childhood obesity and the identification of possible factors involved
Childhood rapid weight gain during development has been postulated as a predictor of obesity. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the annual weight gain and height growth, as well as identifying possible lifestyle factors involved. (2) Methods: As part of the GENYAL study, 221 children (6–8 years old) of Madrid (Spain) were enrolled. A total of 11 SNPs associated with high childhood body mass indexes (BMIs) were assessed. Anthropometric measurements, dietary and physical activity data, were collected in 2017 and 2018. Bonferroni-corrected linear models were used to fit the data. (3) Results: A significant association between the Q223R LEPR and the weight growth was found, showing a different behavior between GA and GG genotypes (p = 0.001). Regarding lifestyle factors, an interaction between Q223R genotypes and total active weekly hours/week to predict the weight growth (kg/year) was observed (p = 0.023). In all the genotypes, a beneficial effect against rapid weight growth was observed, but the effect size of the interaction was much more significant in homozygous (GG) minor homozygous (β = −0.61 (−0.95, −0.26) versus heterozygous (AG) and wild-type homozygous (AA) genotypes (β = −0.07 (−0.24, 0.09) and β = −0.12 (−0.32, 0.08), respectively). (4) Conclusions: These results may contribute to more personalized recommendations to prevent childhood obesit
Hormonal an inflammatory biomarkers in a group of overweight and obese women
Introducción y Objetivos: Recientemente se ha descubierto
que la obesidad es una patología caracterizada por
un estado crónico de inflamación leve. El objetivo de este
estudio fue describir la situación hormonal e inflamatoria
de un colectivo de mujeres con sobrepeso/obesidad.
Pacientes y métodos: se incluyeron mujeres > 18 años, con
IMC ≥ 25 < 40 kg/m2. Se recogieron datos socio-sanitarios,
presión arterial, parámetros antropométricos, de actividad
física, estudio bioquímico, hormonal e inflamatorio para
determinar la situación hormonal e inflamatoria de un
colectivo de mujeres antes del inicio de un tratamiento para
el control de peso corporal.
Resultados: participaron 104 mujeres con edad media de
48,4 ± 9 años y un IMC de 29,8 ± 3,5 kg/m2. Un 48% de las
mujeres estudiadas se encontraba en etapa de menopausia.
Un 8,9% presentó hiperinsulinemia. El valor medio obtenido
de grhelina fue 38,8 ± 33,6 pg/ml, no se encontró correlación
entre sus concentraciones y las variables antropométricas y
bioquímicas estudiadas. Los valores medios de PCR, leptina,
adiponectina, resistina, IL 6, IL 10 y PAI 1 fueron 3,0 ± 2,7
mg/dl, 36,3 ± 19,5 ng/ml, 8,3 ± 4,5 μg/ml, 24,3 ± 23,2 ng/ml, 51,6
± 93,6 pg/ml, 10,0 ± 34,2 pg/ml y 22,3 ± 30,6 ng/ml, respectivamente.
Estas concentraciones correlacionaron significativamente
con diferentes variables antropométricas y bioquímicas,
sin embargo, estas correlaciones fueron débiles. Variables
como la edad y presencia o no de menopausia o la práctica de
actividad física de forma regular no influyeron en los valores
medios obtenidos. Las pacientes con obesidad tuvieron valores
medios significativamente más elevados que aquellas con
sobrepeso, aunque sólo en el caso de la resistina y PAI 1.
Conclusión: El grupo de mujeres estudiadas presentó
cifras de adipoquinas alteradas en relación a otros estudios
realizados en población con situación nutricional normal.
Esto pone en evidencia la situación inflamatoria presente en
estos pacientes y los valores obtenidos pueden contribuir a
establecer unos rangos normalizados de estos marcadores
para el colectivo de personas con sobrepeso y obesidadBackground and objectives: The aim of this study was
to describe the hormonal and inflammatory status of a
group of overweight/obese women.
Patients and methods: The sample studied was a crosssectional
cohort of women > 18 years of age, BMI ≥ 25 <
40 kg/m2, prior to starting a weight control program. Data
collected were: demographic characteristics, blood pressure,
anthropometric parameters, physical activity data,
and biochemical, hormonal and inflammatory biomarkers.
Results: The study involved 104 women with a mean
age of 48.4 ± 9 years and a BMI of 29.8 ± 3.5 kg/m2. Some
48% of the women studied were in menopause. Some
8.9% had hyperinsulinemia. The mean ghrelin value was
38.8 ± 33.6 pg/ml; there was no correlation between ghrelin
levels and anthropometric and biochemical variables.
CRP, leptin, adiponectin, resistin, IL6, IL10, and PAI1
were 3.0 ± 2.7 mg/dl, 36.3 ± 19.5 ng/ml, 8.3 ± 4.5 mg/ml,
24.3 ± 23.2 ng/ml, 51.6 ± 93.6 pg/ml, 10.0 ± 34.2 pg/ml and
22.3 ± 30.6 ng/ml, respectively. Obese patients had significantly
higher mean values of resistin and PAI 1 than those
who were overweight. These levels correlated significantly
with anthropometric and biochemical variables;
however, the correlations were weak. Age, menopause or
the regular practice of physical activity had no effect on
mean values.
Conclusions: The group of women studied had altered
inflammatory biomarkers in relation to people of normal
weight. The study shows the inflammatory status of overweight/
obese individuals, and the values obtained may
help to establish standard ranges for these markersEste trabajo ha sido posible gracias a un proyecto de
investigación obtenido por concurso y subvencionado
por la campaña “Pan cada día” promovida por el
Comité Científico del Pan y el Incerhpan (Interprofesional
Agroalimentaria de la cadena Cereales-Harina-
Pan
Polymorphism of CLOCK gene rs3749474 as a modulator of the circadian evening carbohydrate intake impact on nutritional status in an adult sample
The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of energy intake and macronutrients consumption throughout the day, and how its effect on nutritional status can be modulated by the presence of the rs3749474 polymorphism of the CLOCK gene in the Cantoblanco Platform for Nutritional Genomics (“GENYAL Platform”). This cross-sectional study was carried out on 898 volunteers between 18 and 69 years old (65.5% women). Anthropometric measurements, social issues and health, dietary, biochemical, genetic, and physical activity data were collected. Subsequently, 21 statistical interaction models were designed to predict the body mass index (BMI) considering seven dietary variables analyzed by three genetic models (adjusted by age, sex, and physical activity). The average BMI was 26.9 ± 4.65 kg/m2, 62.14% presented an excess weight (BMI > 25 kg/m2). A significant interaction was observed between the presence of the rs3749474 polymorphism and the evening carbohydrate intake (% of the total daily energy intake [%TEI]) (adjusted p = 0.046), when predicting the BMI. Participants carrying TT/CT genotype showed a positive association between the evening carbohydrate intake (%TEI) and BMI (β = 0.3379, 95% CI = (0.1689,0.5080)) and (β = 0.1529, 95% CI = (−0.0164,0.3227)), respectively, whereas the wild type allele (CC) showed a negative association (β = −0.0321, 95% CI = (−0.1505,0.0862)). No significant interaction with the remaining model variables was identified. New dietary strategies may be implemented to schedule the circadian distribution of macronutrients according to the genotyp
Polymorphic appetite effects on waist circumference depend on rs3749474 CLOCK gene variant
Chronobiological aspects controlled by CLOCK genes may influence obesity incidence.
Although there are studies that show an association between the expression of these genes and energy
intake, waist circumference or abdominal obesity phenotypes, interactions with appetite have been
insufficiently investigated in relation to chrononutrition. The objective was to identify interactions
between CLOCK genetic variants involved in appetite status. A total of 442 subjects (329 women,
113 men; aged 18 to 65 years) were recruited. Anthropometric, dietary and lifestyle data were collected
by trained nutritionists. Participants were classified according to their appetite feelings with a Likert
scale. Multiple linear regression models were used to examine associations of the type genotype x
appetite status on adiposity-related variables. p values were corrected by the Bonferroni method.
A significant influence was found concerning the effects of appetite on waist circumference with
respect to rs3749474 CLOCK polymorphism (p < 0.001). An additive model analysis (adjusted by age,
gender, exercise and energy intake) showed that risk allele carriers, increased the waist circumference
around 14 cm (β = 14.1, CI = 6.3–22.0) by each increment in the level of appetite. The effects of appetite
on waist circumference may be partly modulated by the rs3749474 CLOCK polymorphism
Tolerability and Safety of a Nutritional Supplement with Potential as Adjuvant in Colorectal Cancer Therapy: A Randomized Trial in Healthy Volunteers
Bioactive supplements display relevant therapeutic properties when properly applied according to validated molecular effects. Our previous research efforts established the basis to develop a dietary supplement based on a Rosmarinus officinalis supercritical extract. This was enriched in phenolic diterpenes (RE) with proven properties against signaling pathways involved in colon tumorigenesis, and shark liver oil rich in alkylglycerols (AKG) as a bioactive lipid vehicle to improve RE bioavailability and synergize with the potential therapeutic action of the extract. Herein, we have investigated the tolerability and safety of the supplement and the biological and molecular effects from an immuno-nutritional perspective. Sixty healthy volunteers participated in a six week, double-blind, randomized parallel pilot study with two study arms: RE-AKG capsules (CR) and control capsules (CC). Mean age (±SD) of volunteers was 28.32 (±11.39) and 27.5 (±9.04) for the control and the study groups, respectively. Safety of the CR product consumption was confirmed by analyzing liver profile, vital constants, and oxidation markers (LDLox in blood and isoprostanes and thromboxanes in urine). The following were monitored: (1) the phenotyping of plasmatic leukocytes and the ex vivo response of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs); (2) expression of genes associated with immune-modulation, inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, and tumorigenesis; and (3) the correlation of selected genetic variants (SNPs) with the differential responses among individuals. The lack of adverse effects on liver profile and oxidation markers, together with adequate tolerability and safe immunological adaptations, provide high-quality information for the potential use of CR as co-adjuvant of therapeutic strategies against colorectal cancer
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