Repercussão da terapia de suplementação de proteína em detrimento das alterações na composição muscular de idosos: uma revisão: Repercussion of protein supplementation therapy to the detriment of changes in muscle composition in the elderly: a review

INTRODUÇÃO: O ato de envelhecer traz consigo inúmeras mudanças fisiológicas, dentre elas, destaca-se a sarcopenia, que por vezes pode levar a perda da capacidade funcional, podendo prejudicar a mobilidade e por fim acarretar em acidentes graves ou mortes. A atual concentração diária recomendada de proteína por quilograma não foi projetada para uma população em fase de envelhecimento, o que pode levar a uma concentração de proteína insuficiente. A suplementação proteica surgiu como forma alternativa de preservar a manutenção muscular. OBJETIVO: Analisar os efeitos da suplementação proteica na manutenção da capacidade funcional muscular na população idosa. METODOLOGIA: Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura de aspecto qualitativo, no qual, a partir de uma pesquisa em bases de dados selecionadas, baseou-se em estudos que apresentaram efeitos da suplementação proteica na manutenção da capacidade funcional muscular de idosos. Ao final foram selecionados seis estudos que contemplavam o tema em questão. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: A melhora do estado nutricional está relacionada ao desempenho muscular, com base nisso, foram analisados nos estudos os seguintes aspectos: ganho de massa muscular, exercício físico em jejum, membros inferiores, velocidade da marcha e outros parâmetros funcionais e 25-hidroxivitamina D, todos colocando-se em comparação com a suplementação proteica como forma intervencionista e de manutenção da capacidade funcional muscular. Ainda, foi realizada uma análise da suplementação dietética com aminoácidos de cadeia ramificada (BCAAs) em relação a desnutrição. CONCLUSÃO: A análise dos dados supracitados revelou a relevância da busca pela melhoria na qualidade de vida e bem-estar da população senil, de maneira que o consumo diário recomendado de proteína seja preconizado como principal medida para manutenção da massa muscular nesta parcela populacional. Deve-se estimular o consumo diário de alimentos ricos em proteínas, tais como carnes, ovos, leite e derivados e suplementos alimentares, quando sua prescrição se faz necessária. Diante da corroboração da sarcopenia no aumento da incidência de quedas em idosos, se faz necessário orientar e estimular a população senil para a prática regular de exercício físico resistido, além do acompanhamento de equipe multidisciplinar

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Manganitas nanoestruturadas : um estudo do efeito magnetocalórico

Desde 1950 as manganitas de valência mista têm despertado curiosidade científica de diversos pesquisadores, devido à riqueza de suas propriedades magnéticas, elétricas e cristalográficas. Devido à observação da magnetorresistência colossal nestes materiais, o interesse sobre eles aumentou drasticamente devido a possibilidade de sua utilização em dispositivos de armazenamento/leitura de dados, o que requer a produção deste material com dimensão reduzida. Além disso, o largo Efeito Magnetocalórico (EMC) das manganitas as habilita como possíveis materiais para refrigeração magnética. Dado o vasto estudo das propriedades destes materiais na forma de volume, teremos como objetivo neste trabalho analisar suas propriedades magnéticas na forma de nanopartícula e nanotubos. Para isso, foram sintetizadas as manganitas Sm0,6Sr0,4MnO3, La0,6Ca0,4MnO3 e La0,6Sr0,4MnO3 na forma de nanopartícula e nanotubo através do método Sol-gel (Pechinni) e pore wetting method. Uma vez que todas as manganitas escolhidas apresentam mesma proporção de terra-rara trivalente e alcalino terroso bivalente, a razão de Mn3+ e Mn4+ se mantém constante. A alteração dos ocupantes do sítio A, contudo, só afetará diretamente o grau de distorção estrutural das manganitas. Assim, serão avaliadas as mudanças nas propriedades cristalográficas e magnéticas de acordo com a mudança de morfologia separadamente para as estequiometrias escolhidas. Para começarmos a formação da fase desejada utilizamos a Difração de Raios X e re no pelo método Rietveld. Com os dados retornados pelo re no, podemos calcular o tamanho do cristalito das partículas a partir da equação de Scherrer, onde obtivemos valores na escala nanométrica, como desejado. Estes resultados foram confirmados através de medidas de Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão (MET) onde também foi possível observar que o pore wetting method permite a obtenção de nanotubos com diâmetros e comprimentos da ordem de 200 nm e 2 µm, respectivamente. Foi observado, ainda, que a temperatura de tratamento influencia fortemente no diâmetro médio de partícula obtido. Para o La0,6Ca0,4MnO3, por exemplo, o tamanho é reduzido de 223 nm para 45 nm quando tratadas a 1000 0C e 700 0C, respectivamente. A redução de tamanho de partícula para a escala nanométrica faz com que os materiais apresentem novas propriedades. Os valores de temperatura de Curie, magnetização de saturação e campo coercivo para as nanopartículas e nanotubo sofrem alterações quando comparadas com as manganitas na forma de volume. O alargamento da transição magnética observado induz o alargamento na variação de entropia magnética (∆S), fazendo com que a faixa de temperatura de funcionamento do EMC seja maior, favorecendo, assim, a aplicação destes materiais como refrigerantes magnéticos. O Sm0,6Sr0,4MnO3 em volume, por exemplo, tem valor de ∆Smax aproximadamente igual a 10 J/kg.K quando variado o campo magnético de 0 para 5 T - mesmo valor obtido para o Gd que, assim como suas ligas, é o material utilizado em protótipos de refrigeradores - porém com uma faixa de temperatura de funcionamento em torno de 80 à 100 K. Além de observado o alargamento da variação de temperatura da curva de ∆S para todas as amostras analisadas, as nanoestruturas de Sm0,6Sr0,4MnO3, em particular, exibem comportamento superparamagnético interagente quando analisadas as curvas de arrot plott, magnetização versus H/T e ajuste da curva LangevinConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoSince 1950 the mixed valence manganites have aroused the scientific curiosity of many researchers, due to the richness of magnetic, electric and crystallographic properties. By the observation of the colossal magnetoresistance in these materials, the interest about them has drastically increased because of the possibility of its utilization in data storage devices, wich requires the production of this material with reduced dimensions. Hence, the large Magnetocaloric E ect (EMC) of the manganites makes them possible materials for magnetic refrigeration. Given the vast study of the properties of the bulk of these materials, we will have as objective of this work to analyze its magnetic properties in the form of nanoparcticles and nanotubes. On that purpose, the manganites Sm0,6Sr0,4MnO3, La0,6Ca0,4MnO3 e La0,6− Sr0,4MnO3 were synthesized in the form of nanoparcticles and nanotubes through the methods of Sol-gel(Pechinni) and pore wetting method. Once all the chosen manganites have the same proportion of trivalent rare earth and bivalent alkaline earth, the rate of Mn3+ and Mn4+ remain constant. The alteration of the occupants of the A site, afterall, it will only a ect directly the degree of structure distortion of the manganites. Thus, will be evaluated the changes in the crystallographic and magnetic properties according to the change of morphology separately for the chosen stoichiometry. In order to confirm the formation of the desirable phase we utilize the X-Ray Di raction and refine by the Rietveld method. With the data returned by the re ne, we can calculate the size of the crystallite of the parcticles from the Scherrer's equation, where we obtain values in the nanometric scale, as desired. These results were con rmed through the measurement of Transmission Electronic Microscopy (TEM) where was also possible to observe that the pore wetting method allows the obtainment of nanotubes with diameters and length in the order of 200nm and 2um, respectively. Still it was observed that the treatment temperature strongly influences in the average size of the particle obtained. To the La0,6Sr0,4MnO3, in example, the size is reduced from 223 nm to 45 nm when calcinated at 1000 0C and 700 0C , respectively. Due to the size reduction of the particle to nanometric scale, this materials shows new properties. The values of Curie's temperature, saturation magnetization and coercive field to the nanoparticles and nanotubes suffer alterations when compared to the bulk manganites. The broadening of the magnetic transition observed induces the maximization of the magnetic entropy change width (∆S), elevating the temperature range of the EMC, favoring the application of these materials as magnetic coolants. The bulk Sm0,6Sr0,4MnO3, for example, has the ∆Smax value is approximately 10J/kg.K when the magnetic field change from 0 to 5 T the same value for the Gd wich, as its alloys, is the material utilized in refrigerator prototypes but with the temperature range around 80 to 100 K. In addiction to broadening of the temperature range in the ∆S curve for all analyzed samples, the nanostructures of Sm0,6Sr0,4MnO3, in particular, exhibit interacting superparamagnetic behavior when analyzed the arrot plott and magnetization versus H/T curves and the Langevin function fittin

Síntese e caracterização de manganitas nanoestruturadas do tipo La0,6Sr0,4MnO3

Desde 1950 as manganitas de valência mista têm despertado curiosidade científica de diversos pesquisadores, devido à riqueza de suas propriedades magnéticas, elétricas e cristalográficas. Porém, com a descoberta da magnetorresistência colossal, o interesse sobre esses materiais aumentou devido a possibilidade de sua utilização em dispositivos de armazenamento/leitura de dados, o que requer a produção deste material com dimensão reduzida. Desta forma, o entendimento das propriedades das manganitas com tamanho de partículas nanométricos é de extrema importância. As manganitas, em particular, apresentam efeitos de alargamento de transição magnéticas, diminuição da magnetização de saturação, mesmo em altos campos - o que sugere um aumento da anisotropia magnética. Assim, um dos objetivos desse trabalho é a otimização do processo de síntese para a obtenção de manganitas com tamanhos de partículas nanométricos. O método de síntese escolhido para esse trabalho foi o Sol-gel, ou Pechini, pois é um processo bem estabelecido e apresenta homogeneidade de tamanho de grão, com a possibilidade da obtenção de nanopartículas. Assim, dado o nosso interesse à redução do tamanho médio de partículas ao regime nanométrico, teremos como objetivo a otimização do processo de síntese escolhido. As manganitas preparadas apresentam estequiometria La0,6Sr0,4MnO3, cuja estrutura é do tipo perovskita (ABO3) distorcida. Com esse arranjo, o manganês apresentará dupla valência - 3+ e 4+ - , gerando a interação de dupla troca, ca - racterística de materiais ferromagnéticos. Para confirmarmos a formação da fase desejada utilizaremos a Difração de Raios X e refino pelo método Rietveld. Com os dados retornados pelo refino, podemos calcular o tamanho de grão a partir da equação de Scherrer, onde obtivemos valores de 20 à 100 nm como desejado. Pelos dados de largura à meia altura dos picos do difratograma, observamos uma tendência de aumento do tamanho da partícula com o aumento da temperatura de calcinação. Com as medidas magnéticas observamos que há um aumento da temperatura crítica com a redução do tamanho de partícula, uma diminuição do valor da saturação da magnetização e um alargamento da transição magnéticaSince 1950 the mixed valence manganites have attracted the scientific curiosity of many researchers, due their rich magnetic, electric and crystallographic effects. However, with the discovery of colossal magnetoresistance, the interest in these materials has increased due to the possibility of their use in storage devices/reading data, which requires the production of this material with reduced dimension. Thus, understanding the properties of the material with nanometric particle size is of utmost importance. Manganites, in particular, show the effects of magnetic transition enlargement and reduction of the saturation magnetization even at high fields – which suggests an increased magnetic anisotropy. Thus, an objective of this work is the optimization of the synthesis process for obtaining manganites with nanoscale particle sizes. The chosen synthesis method for this work was the sol-gel or Pechini because it is a well-established process, and allows to obtain uniform grain size with the possibility of of producing nanoparticles. Thus, given our interest to reduce the average particle size to the nanometer regime, we aim to optimize the chosen synthesis process. The La 0,6Sr0,4MnO3 manganites have been prepared, whose structure is a distorted perovskite type (ABO3). With this arrangement, the manganese will present double valence - 3 + and 4 + -, generating the double exchange interaction, characteristic of ferromagnetic materials. To confirm the formation of the desired phase we use the X-Ray Diffraction and refinement by the Rietveld method. With the data returned by refining, we can calculate the grain size from the Scherrer equation, where we obtained values between 20 and 100 nm, as desired. For the data width at half peak height of the diffraction pattern, we observed a trend of increased particle size as the calcining temperature increases. With magnetic measurements we observe an increase of critical temperatura with the reduction of the particle size, a decrease of the value of the magnetization of saturation and an enlargement of the magnetic transitio

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2008

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data