Control Biológico de Trichoderma asperellum sobre Sclerotium rolfsii en condiciones de invernadero

Los cultivos hortícolas son afectados por fitopatógenos de suelo que causan marchitez entre ellos el hongo Sclerotium rolfsii, este fitopatógeno reduce los rendimientos y contribuye al aumento de los costos de producción por efectos de control. Los objetivos fueron:1) Determinar la dosis de dos cepas de Trichoderma asperellum sobre la severidad causada por Sclerotium rolfsii en los cultivos de tomate, pimiento y sandía en condiciones de invernadero, y 2) Evaluar la formas y épocas de aplicación de dos cepas de T. asperellum en estos tres cultivos. Los tratamientos del estudio de dosis fueron: 1) 5 millones de esporas por planta, 2) 10 millones, 3) 15 millones, 4) 20 millones, 5) 25 millones, 6) 30 millones de esporas por planta, 7) Suelo estéril, 8) Suelo sin esterilizar, 9) Suelo con Captan, 10) Semilla con Captapan. El estudio de formas de aplicación tuvo 8 tratamientos: 1) Aplicado a la superficie del suelo, siete días antes de la siembra, 2) Incorporación al suelo con materia orgánica y del antagonista siete días antes de la siembra, 3) Aspersión al suelo del antagonista siete días antes de la siembra, 4) Aspersión al suelo del antagonista siete días después de la siembra, 5) Suelo estéril, 6) Suelo sin esterilizar (campo hortícola), 7) Suelo tratado con fungicida, 8) Suelo tratado con antagonista comercial. Los dos experimentos se analizaron en un diseño completamente al azar con 10 unidades experimentales. En el estudio de dosis se determinó que 1 x 206 de conidios de T. asperellum cepa G-08 en los cultivos de tomate, pimiento y sandia tienen efecto en la reducción de la severidad de la infección de S. rolfsii; por otra parte, la cepa SE-034 con dosis de 15 gramos para los cultivos de tomate y pimiento; en sandia 10 gramos de sustrato. En la frecuencia de aplicación T. asperellum cepa G-08 para el cultivo de tomate, pimiento y sandía debe aplicarse 7 días antes del trasplante en forma líquida e incorporada con materia orgánica para tratamiento preventivo y con los primeros síntomas de la enfermedad en forma curativa, igual procedimiento debe realizarse con la con la cepa SE-034 .

The Obesity Paradox: Associations between the Body Mass Index and Self-Perceived Health, Depression Status, and Pain Level in Older People

Population growth and physical inactivity have led to health and social consequences derived from chronic diseases and decreased quality of life in the elderly. Some research suggests that overweight in older people may not be associated with the negative effects on some health indicators. This study analysed the associations between Self-Perceived Health (SPH), Depression status, Pain Level, and Body Mass Index (BMI) in people over 70 years who are residents in Spain, with a final sample composed of 13,895 participants. A cross-sectional study using data from the European Health Surveys in Spain (EHIS2014 and 2020) and the National Health Survey (ENSE2017) was conducted. Dependency associations were observed between SPH, Depression Status, and Pain Level with BMI in the outcomes from the three surveys analysed (p < 0.001). Negative SPH, Depression Status, and Severe/Extreme Pain Degree prevalence were higher in the Underweight groups, being the lowest in Normal-weight and Overweight groups (p < 0.05). High levels of negative SPH, Depression, and Severe/Extreme Pain risks were found in the Underweight compared to the Normal-weight group, but not in Overweight ones. Overweight was not linked with an increased risk of the conditions analysed compared to the Normal-weight groups in older residents in Spain. The Underweight group presented the highest negative SPH prevalence, Depression, and Severe/Extreme Pain. Moreover, Obesity increased the negative SPH, Depression, and Pain Degree risks compared to the Normal-weight and Overweight groups in this population.The author Á.D.-Z. (FPU20/04201) was supported by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport, Grant FPU20/04201 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, and, as appropriate, by “European Social Fund Investing in your future” or by “European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR”

Gut microbiome variation modulates the effects of dietary fiber on host metabolism

Background: There is general consensus that consumption of dietary fermentable fiber improves cardiometabolic health, in part by promoting mutualistic microbes and by increasing production of beneficial metabolites in the distal gut. However, human studies have reported variations in the observed benefits among individuals consuming the same fiber. Several factors likely contribute to this variation, including host genetic and gut microbial differences. We hypothesized that gut microbial metabolism of dietary fiber represents an important and differential factor that modulates how dietary fiber impacts the host. Results: We examined genetically identical gnotobiotic mice harboring two distinct complex gut microbial communities and exposed to four isocaloric diets, each containing different fibers: (i) cellulose, (ii) inulin, (iii) pectin, (iv) a mix of 5 fermentable fibers (assorted fiber). Gut microbiome analysis showed that each transplanted community preserved a core of common taxa across diets that differentiated it from the other community, but there were variations in richness and bacterial taxa abundance within each community among the different diet treatments. Host epigenetic, transcriptional, and metabolomic analyses revealed diet-directed differences between animals colonized with the two communities, including variation in amino acids and lipid pathways that were associated with divergent health outcomes. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that interindividual variation in the gut microbiome is causally linked to differential effects of dietary fiber on host metabolic phenotypes and suggests that a one-fits-all fiber supplementation approach to promote health is unlikely to elicit consistent effects across individuals. Overall, the presented results underscore the importance of microbe-diet interactions on host metabolism and suggest that gut microbes modulate dietary fiber efficacy. [MediaObject not available: see fulltext.]Fil: Murga Garrido, Sofia M.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México. University of Wisconsin; Estados UnidosFil: Hong, Qilin. University of Wisconsin; Estados UnidosFil: Cross, Tzu Wen L.. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos. Purdue University; Estados UnidosFil: Hutchison, Evan R.. University of Wisconsin; Estados UnidosFil: Han, Jessica. Wisconsin Institute for Discovery; Estados UnidosFil: Thomas, Sydney P.. Wisconsin Institute for Discovery; Estados UnidosFil: Vivas, Eugenio I.. University of Wisconsin; Estados UnidosFil: Denu, John. Wisconsin Institute for Discovery; Estados UnidosFil: Ceschin, Danilo Guillermo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra; Argentina. Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Tang, Zheng Zheng. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos. Wisconsin Institute for Discovery; Estados UnidosFil: Rey, Federico E.. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unido

Immune synapse instructs epigenomic and transcriptomic functional reprogramming in dendritic cells.

Understanding the fate of dendritic cells (DCs) after productive immune synapses (postsynaptic DCs) with T cells during antigen presentation has been largely neglected in favor of deciphering the nuances of T cell activation and memory generation. Here, we describe that postsynaptic DCs switch their transcriptomic signature, correlating with epigenomic changes including DNA accessibility and histone methylation. We focus on the chemokine receptor Ccr7 as a proof-of-concept gene that is increased in postsynaptic DCs. Consistent with our epigenomic observations, postsynaptic DCs migrate more efficiently toward CCL19 in vitro and display enhanced homing to draining lymph nodes in vivo. This work describes a previously unknown DC population whose transcriptomics, epigenomics, and migratory capacity change in response to their cognate contact with T cells.This study was supported by grant SAF2017-82886-R from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO), grant S2017/BMD-3671-INFLAMUNE-CM from the Comunidad de Madrid, a grant from the Ramon Areces Foundation “Ciencias de la Vida y la Salud” (XIX Concurso-2018), a grant from Ayudas Fundacion BBVA a Equipos de Investigacion Cientifica (BIOMEDICINA-2018), the Fundacio Marato TV3 (grant 122/C/2015), “la Caixa” Banking Foundation (HR17-00016), BIOIMID (PIE13/041) from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBER Cardiovascular (CB16/11/00272), and Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria del Instituto de Salud Carlos III and co-funding by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional FEDER). D.C.-F. is supported by a Fellowship from “la Caixa” Foundation (LCF/BQ/DR19/11740010). I.F.-D. is supported by a Fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities (FPU15/02539). The Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) and the Pro-CNIC Foundation and is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (MINECO award SEV-2015- 0505). Funding agencies did not intervene in the design of the studies, with no copyright over the study.S

Escribir en la universidad: aplicación de nuevas tecnologías

Depto. de Lengua Española y Teoría de la LiteraturaFac. de FilologíaFALSEsubmitte

Genetic mapping of microbial and host traits reveals production of immunomodulatory lipids by Akkermansia muciniphila in the murine gut.

The molecular bases of how host genetic variation impacts the gut microbiome remain largely unknown. Here we used a genetically diverse mouse population and applied systems genetics strategies to identify interactions between host and microbe phenotypes including microbial functions, using faecal metagenomics, small intestinal transcripts and caecal lipids that influence microbe-host dynamics. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping identified murine genomic regions associated with variations in bacterial taxa; bacterial functions including motility, sporulation and lipopolysaccharide production and levels of bacterial- and host-derived lipids. We found overlapping QTL for the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila and caecal levels of ornithine lipids. Follow-up in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that A. muciniphila is a major source of these lipids in the gut, provided evidence that ornithine lipids have immunomodulatory effects and identified intestinal transcripts co-regulated with these traits including Atf3, which encodes for a transcription factor that plays vital roles in modulating metabolism and immunity. Collectively, these results suggest that ornithine lipids are potentially important for A. muciniphila-host interactions and support the role of host genetics as a determinant of responses to gut microbes

A secondary metabolite drives intraspecies antagonism in a gut symbiont that is inhibited by cell-wall acetylation

The mammalian microbiome encodes numerous secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters; yet, their role in microbe-microbe interactions is unclear. Here, we characterized two polyketide synthase gene clusters (fun and pks) in the gut symbiont Limosilactobacillus reuteri. The pks, but not the fun, cluster encodes antimicrobial activity. Forty-one of 51 L. reuteri strains tested are sensitive to Pks products; this finding was independent of strains’ host origin. Sensitivity to Pks was also established in intraspecies competition experiments in gnotobiotic mice. Comparative genome analyses between Pks-resistant and -sensitive strains identified an acyltransferase gene (act) unique to Pks-resistant strains. Subsequent cell-wall analysis of wild-type and act mutant strains showed that Act acetylates cell-wall components, providing resistance to Pks-mediated killing. Additionally, pks mutants lost their competitive advantage, while act mutants lost their Pks resistance in in vivo competition assays. These findings provide insight into how closely related gut symbionts can compete and co-exist in the gastrointestinal tract

Post-processing of LiDAR data in electrical networks: Case study internship at the company SAR Ingeniería Ltda

La pasantía es un trabajo formativo que refleja conocimientos teórico-prácticos, la pasantía está constituida como proyecto de grado dentro del proyecto curricular de Tecnología en Levantamientos Topográficos según el Acuerdo No. 038 del 28 de julio de 2015, expedido por el Consejo Académico de la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas. La presente pasantía fue desarrollada en la empresa SAR Ingeniería Ltda. desempeñando labores como auxiliares de postprocesamiento de datos LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging o Laser Imaging Detection and Ranging). La tecnología LiDAR es un sistema compuesto por un sensor que captura una nube de millones de puntos que puede representar la superficie del terreno, desde hace algunos años se ha convertido en una herramienta de apoyo a la hora de llevar a cabo proyectos de infraestructura y toma de decisiones en Colombia. El desarrollo de la topografía a lo largo de los años, ha llevado consigo la aplicación de nuevas tecnologías, en donde minimizar tiempos y obtener información en lugares de difícil acceso se ha convertido en la mejor opción para realizar proyectos de tipo topográfico. El sistema aéreo tripulado de forma remota RPAS (Remotely Piloted Aircraft System), permite volar las naves aéreas no tripuladas por medio de una señal a distancia a través de control remoto, por lo que se han convertido en una herramienta importante para la obtención de imágenes, ya que permiten conseguir una cobertura mayor de las superficies. (Corredor, 2015) Conforme al avance y al uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) en prácticamente todos los campos de trabajo; estando al alcance de los profesionales de topografía la tecnología LiDAR equipada en un VANT (vehículo aéreo no tripulado) permite generar una nube de puntos densa, siendo así, información confiable y precisa, sin embargo, debe ser refinada, debido a esto es importante el uso adecuado de estas herramientas para lograr los mejores resultados posibles. La información pasa por un proceso de análisis, seguido de una reclasificación y refinación de los puntos obtenidos en el programa MARS® (Merrick Advanced Remote Sensing) diseñado para visualizar, gestionar y procesar datos LiDAR, teniendo como finalidad lograr las características más reales del terreno y los elementos que en él se encuentren, obteniendo productos como MDT(s) (Modelos Digitales de Terreno), documentos de texto con los códigos de clasificación y coordenadas x,y,z de cada uno de los puntos y cartografía para el posterior diseño y/o construcción de proyectos.The internship is a training work that reflects theoretical-practical knowledge, the internship is constituted as a degree project within the curricular project of Technology in Topographic Surveys according to Agreement No. 038 of July 28, 2015, issued by the Academic Council of the University Francisco Jose de Calda. This internship was developed at the company SAR Ingeniería Ltda. performing tasks as LiDAR data post-processing assistants (Light Detection and Ranging or Laser Imaging Detection and Ranging). LiDAR technology is a system composed of a sensor that captures a cloud of millions of points that can represent the surface of the land. For some years now, it has become a support tool when carrying out infrastructure projects and taking of decisions in Colombia. The development of topography over the years has led to the application of new technologies, where minimizing time and obtaining information in places that are difficult to access has become the best option for carrying out topographic projects. The remotely piloted aerial system RPAS (Remotely Piloted Aircraft System) allows unmanned aircraft to fly by means of a remote signal through remote control, which is why they have become an important tool for obtaining images. , since they allow greater coverage of surfaces. (Corredor, 2015) According to the advancement and use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in practically all fields of work; Being within the reach of topography professionals, LiDAR technology equipped in a UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) allows generating a dense point cloud, thus providing reliable and accurate information, however, it must be refined, due to this it is important to Proper use of these tools to achieve the best possible results. The information goes through an analysis process, followed by a reclassification and refinement of the points obtained in the MARS® (Merrick Advanced Remote Sensing) program designed to visualize, manage and process LiDAR data, with the purpose of achieving the more real characteristics of the terrain and the elements found in it, obtaining products such as DTM(s) (Digital Terrain Models), text documents with the classification codes and x,y,z coordinates of each of the points and cartography for the subsequent design and/or construction of projects

Mosaic autosomal aneuploidies are detectable from single-cell RNAseq data.

BACKGROUND: Aneuploidies are copy number variants that affect entire chromosomes. They are seen commonly in cancer, embryonic stem cells, human embryos, and in various trisomic diseases. Aneuploidies frequently affect only a subset of cells in a sample; this is known as "mosaic" aneuploidy. A cell that harbours an aneuploidy exhibits disrupted gene expression patterns which can alter its behaviour. However, detection of aneuploidies using conventional single-cell DNA-sequencing protocols is slow and expensive. METHODS: We have developed a method that uses chromosome-wide expression imbalances to identify aneuploidies from single-cell RNA-seq data. The method provides quantitative aneuploidy calls, and is integrated into an R software package available on GitHub and as an Additional file of this manuscript. RESULTS: We validate our approach using data with known copy number, identifying the vast majority of aneuploidies with a low rate of false discovery. We show further support for the method's efficacy by exploiting allele-specific gene expression levels, and differential expression analyses. CONCLUSIONS: The method is quick and easy to apply, straightforward to interpret, and represents a substantial cost saving compared to single-cell genome sequencing techniques. However, the method is less well suited to data where gene expression is highly variable. The results obtained from the method can be used to investigate the consequences of aneuploidy itself, or to exclude aneuploidy-affected expression values from conventional scRNA-seq data analysis