Fatty acids composition of Colonnata Lard from two different swine breeds

The study compares the fatty acid composition of the Colonnata lard obtained from two different swine breeds, Large White (LW) and Cinta Senese (CS), during a one year long curing period. Samples of backfat were obtained from the carcass of three animals per breed and disposed into six different marble boxes according to the procedure of the disciplinary production of PGI "Lardo di Colonnata". During curing period individual lard samples were collected monthly from each marble box. The fatty acid composition of pig backfat reflected the differences in the dietary regimen and in the rearing system of the two breeds. LW swine, in fact, were fed a commercial concentrate and reared in an intensive system, whereas CS swine were fed a diet composed by a commercial concentrate supplemented with acorn and reared in an outdoor system. Lard from LW contained higher amount of saturated fatty acids than lard from CS, whereas the content of unsaturated fatty acids (mainly monounsaturated fatty acids) was lower. During the curing period the trend of lard fatty acids composition was different in the two breeds: the lard from CS seemed to be more susceptible to a faster hydrolysis of fatty acids than lard from LW, especially for the monounsaturated fatty acids, while the lard from LW seemed to be more susceptible to a faster hydrolysis of PUFA n-3

The Effects of an Acute Bout of Self-Myofascial Release on the Physiological Parameters of Running

Please refer to the pdf version of the abstract located adjacent to the title

Efeito do enxofre, aplicado na forma de gesso, sobre a produção e qualidade do capim colonião (Panicum maximum Jacq.)

Foram conduzidos em vasos com terra em casa de vegetação, ensaios com doses crescentes de enxofre na forma de gesso e nitrogênio em esquema fatorial com repetições em capim Colonião visando verificar o comportamento da gramínea em relação a produção e qualidade.Resumo

Controle integrado de Botrytis cinerea na cultura do morango.

A viabilidade do controle de Botrytis cinerea foi estudada através do uso de antagonistas ao patógeno, associados ou nao a tratamentos fungicidas. Isolados de Trichoderma, obtidos pelo método de iscas, foram selecionados quanto ao antagonismo a B. cinerea, in vitro. A partir dos isolados selecionados foram obtidas linhagens resistentes a iprodione e caracterizadas quanto a adaptabilidade. Testes de sobrevivência das linhagens resistentes em folhas de morangueiro mostraram que, 37 dias apos a aplicacao de 10 7 conídios/ml, aproximadamente, 400 conídios permaneceram viáveis em discos de folha com 0,4 cm de diâmetro. A resistência a iprodione mostrou-se estável após 15 gerações na ausência do fungicida. Em ensaio realizado em condições de campo, o tratamento feito com a linhagem resistente a iprodione aplicada em mistura com a metade da dose do fungicida não apresentou controle satisfatório da doença

The influence of self-selected music on affect-regulated exercise intensity and remembered pleasure during treadmill running.

This study explored the influence of self-selected music on affect-regulated exercise intensity and Remembered Pleasure. Seventeen active male and female participants (28.1 ±9.9 years; BMI 23.8±3.2 kg/m2; VO2 peak 48.73±8.73 ml.min−1.kg−1) completed a maximal exercise test and each individual’s ventilatory threshold (VT) was identified. Following this, two treadmill exercise trials were performed at an intensity that was perceived to correspond to a Feeling Scale value of +3 (i.e. ‘good’). Sessions with either self-selected music or no music were completed 48 hr apart and in a randomized counterbalanced order. Affective responses (Feeling Scale) and heart rate were measured during exercise and Remembered Pleasure was measured 5-min post exercise. Results indicated that participants selected an exercise intensity that exceeded their VT during the two affect-regulated exercise sessions (p = .002, d = .99). Participants exercised with greater intensity during affect-regulated exercise with music than without (p = .045; d = 1.12) while maintaining a ‘good’ feeling. Furthermore, participants recalled the music session as more pleasurable than the no-music session (p = .001; d = .72). These results illustrate a positive ergogenic and psychological influence of music during affect-regulated exercise. Encouraging individuals to exercise at an intensity that feels ‘good’ elicits an exercise intensity sufficient to garner cardiorespiratory benefits and may lead to improved adherence. Moreover, the use of self-selected music appears to augment this effect. (226 words) Keywords: Affect, exercise, heuristics, remembered utility, physical activit

Identifying the favored mutation in a positive selective sweep.

Most approaches that capture signatures of selective sweeps in population genomics data do not identify the specific mutation favored by selection. We present iSAFE (for "integrated selection of allele favored by evolution"), a method that enables researchers to accurately pinpoint the favored mutation in a large region (∼5 Mbp) by using a statistic derived solely from population genetics signals. iSAFE does not require knowledge of demography, the phenotype under selection, or functional annotations of mutations

Evaluating the Relationship Between Visual Acuity and Utilities in Patients With Diabetic Macular Edema Enrolled in Intravitreal Aflibercept Studies

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between visual acuity and utility (health-related quality of life) in diabetic macular edema (DME) using intravitreal aflibercept data. METHODS. The relationship between visual acuity in the best-seeing eye (BSE) and worseseeing eye (WSE) and utility was explored using ordinary least squares (OLS) and randomeffects models adjusted for different covariates (age, age2 , sex, body mass index, smoking status, glycated hemoglobin, diabetes severity, comorbidities, and geographic region). Utility was measured using the EuroQoL-five dimensions questionnaire (EQ-5D) and Visual Functioning Questionnaire-Utility Index (VFQ-UI). For each model, coefficients (R2 ) were reported, and WSE/BSE was expressed as the ratio of coefficients (OLS models). Models were independent of treatment effects, and outcomes from all time points (up to week 100) were included where available. RESULTS. Data from 1320 patients with DME were analyzed. In all models, the association between visual acuity (BSE > WSE) was stronger with VFQ-UI– than EQ-5D–derived utilities. The estimated relationship between VFQ-UI and visual acuity in the BSE and WSE was robust, even with an increasing number of covariates. WSE/BSE coefficient ratios were similar across VFQ-UI OLS models (32%) compared with EQ-5D models (41%–48%). Actual (unadjusted) versus predicted data plots also showed a better fit with VFQ-UI– than EQ-5D–derived utilities. CONCLUSIONS. These analyses show that VFQ-UI was more sensitive than EQ-5D–derived utilities for measuring the impact of visual acuity in the BSE and WSE. Visual acuity in the BSE was a major contributor to utility, but WSE is also important though to a lesser degree as shown by the coefficient ratios. These new data will be useful for health technology assessments in DME, where utilities data are lacking. Keywords: diabetic macular edema, intravitreal aflibercept, utilit

Rumen phosphorus metabolism in sheep

8 páginas, 3 tablas.The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of the level of phosphorus (P) intake on ruminal P kinetics in sheep. Twelve Santa Ines male sheep (average body weight 36 kg) were fed a basal diet consisting of roughage (coast cross hay), concentrate mixture (cassava meal, soya bean meal and urea) and a mineral premix. The treatments consisted of the basal diet supplemented with 0, 1.5, 3 or 4.5 g/kg dry matter (DM) of mono-ammonium phosphate to provide increasing P levels representing treatments T0, T1, T2 and T3, respectively. The P content of experimental diets was 1-5; 2.0; 2.5 and 3.0 g P/kg DM, and considered highly deficient, deficient, adequate and in excess, respectively, compared with standard recommended allowances. Animals were injected with (32)P and thereafter samples of blood were collected over 7 days, while samples of rumen fluid and saliva were collected 4 and 6 days after injection. Phosphorus intake affected P concentration in ruminal fluid, whereas P concentration in saliva was not affected. The values for P turnover time in the rumen were 1.42, 1.23, 1.18 and 1.04 days, whereas values of endogenous P entry into the rumen were 1.05, 1.37, 1.53 and 1.91 g/day for T0, T 1, T2 and T3, respectively, both affected by P intake. The specific activity (SA) of P in saliva, rumen and plasma were also all affected by P intake. The relationship between saliva and rumen SA emphasizes that most endogenous P in the rumen came from saliva. The possibility of an extra P source besides saliva contributing to endogenous P in the rumen is discussed. It is concluded from the results that, regardless of P intake, the flow of endogenous P into the rumen contributes to ensure a minimum Supply of this essential element, which may be important in matching the requirements of the rumen microbes.Fundaçao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP Proc. 2004/14532-5) for financial support. Funding was provided, in part, by the Canada Research Chairs Program.Peer reviewe

BMJ Open Ophthalmol

Objective: Explore relationships between systemic exposure to intravitreal aflibercept injection (IAI) and systemic pharmacodynamic effects via post hoc analyses of clinical trials of IAI for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) or diabetic macular oedema (DME). Methods and analysis: Adults from VGFT-OD-0702.PK (n=6), VGFT-OD-0512 (n= 5), VIEW 2 (n=1204) and VIVID-DME (n=404) studies were included. Validated ELISAs were used to measure concentrations of free and bound aflibercept (reported as adjusted bound) in plasma at predefined time points in each study. Non-compartmental analysis of concentration-time data was obtained with dense sampling in VGFT-OD-0702.PK and VGFT-OD-0512. Sparse sampling was used in VIEW 2 and VIVID-DME. Blood pressure or intrarenal function changes were also investigated. Results: Following intravitreal administration, free aflibercept plasma concentrations quickly decreased once maximum concentrations were achieved at 1-3 days postdose; pharmacologically inactive adjusted bound aflibercept concentrations increased over a longer period and reached plateau 7 days postdose. Ratios of free and adjusted bound aflibercept decreased over time. There were no meaningful changes in systolic/diastolic blood pressure over the duration of each study at all systemic aflibercept exposure levels. For all treatment arms in VIEW 2, there was no clinically relevant change in mean intrarenal function from baseline at week 52. Overall, incidence of systemic adverse events in VIEW 2 and VIVID-DME was low and consistent with the known safety profile of IAI. Conclusion: IAI administration was not associated with systemic effects in patients with nAMD or DME as measured by blood pressure or intrarenal function, two known pharmacologically relevant effects of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor

Efeito do parcelamento e época de fornecimento de nitrogênio na produção de materia seca na cultura do milho (Zea mays L.).

Pretendeu-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito da época e do parcelamento do nitrogênio sobre a produção de materia seca total (raiz, colmo e folhas) na cultura do milho