A Tradução Certificada em Notário ou Advogado

O presente relatório enquadra-se no âmbito do Mestrado em Tradução, Área de Especialização em Inglês. Pretende-se descrever a experiência adquirida durante um estágio curricular realizado na empresa Multilingual Europe e o trabalho ali efetuado. O relatório centra-se na descrição da tradução de documentos certificados em notário ou advogado, uma vez que estes representaram uma grande parte das tarefas desempenhadas naquela empresa. Os passos relativos ao processo de certificação das traduções também são explicados. A tradução de documentos certificados possui características próprias, não apenas linguísticas mas também no que respeita à forma e aos elementos presentes neste tipo de documentos. No relatório também são exploradas as especificidades da tradução jurídica de um modo geral, com recurso a bibliografia especializada que analisa este tipo de tradução e os problemas que coloca. Por fim, são apresentados alguns exemplos de traduções realizadas durante o estágio, seguidos de análise.This report falls within the scope of the Master's Degree in Translation, specialising in English. Its aim is to describe the experience gained during a curricular internship at the company Multilingual Europe and the work performed there. The report focuses on the description of the translation of certified documents in a public notary or lawyer's office, since these represented a large part of the tasks performed at that company. The steps related to the translation certification process are also explained. The translation of certified documents has some specific features which are not only linguistic, but also concern the form and elements present in this type of document. The report also explores the specific features of legal translation in general, using a specialised bibliography that analyses this type of translation and the problems it poses. Finally, some examples of translations carried out during the internship are presented, followed by analysis

Influência da Alexitimia nos Processos Atencionais: a deteção de expressões faciais emocionais

A alexitimia é caraterizada pela dificuldade no processamento emocional e reconhecimento de expressões faciais, processos indispensáveis no relacionamento interpessoal. Neste estudo pretendemos avaliar se indivíduos com altos níveis de alexitimia apresentam maiores índices de psicopatologia e se o seu processamento de expressões faciais, sobretudo de expressões com cariz emocional negativo (raiva e nojo), é diferenciado do processamento efetuado por indivíduos com baixos níveis de alexitimia. Os participantes (67 mulheres) realizaram uma tarefa de procura visual onde se apresentavam conjuntos de expressões faciais emocionais (alegria, raiva, nojo), tendo os participantes de detetar de modo rápido e preciso a presença (ou ausência) destas expressões apresentadas entre estímulos neutros (expressões faciais neutras). Os resultados não revelaram quaisquer diferenças significativas entre os grupos. Contudo, verificou-se um processamento diferencial das expressões faciais emocionais em função do género da face. As expressões emocionais negativas em faces de homens foram mais rapidamente detetadas. Por outro lado, o processamento de faces de mulheres que expressavam raiva conduziu a uma maior proporção de erros. Estes resultados poderão remeter para a sensibilidade adquirida face às expressões faciais masculinas negativas e ameaçadoras, que conferem maior probabilidade de predizer agressão. Os pressupostos evolutivos associados ao processamento das emoções negativas, sobretudo da raiva, que a literatura na área da relação entre a emoção e a atenção aponta como adaptativa na população em geral, poderá explicar a ausência de efeitos significativos entre o grupo com altos e baixos níveis de alexitimia

Valor prognóstico da hiperglicemia na admissão hospitalar de síndromes coronárias agudas

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2016A hiperglicemia é um achado frequente na admissão hospitalar de doentes com Síndromes Coronárias Agudas (SCA) independentemente do diagnóstico prévio de Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Vários estudos demonstraram haver uma relação estatisticamente significativa entre a presença de hiperglicemia e o pior prognóstico a curto e longo prazo nos doentes com SCA. Perante o reconhecimento desta relação, vários autores procuraram encontrar soluções terapêuticas que pudessem reverter o efeito da hiperglicemia e, assim, melhorar o prognóstico. A hiperglicemia tem consequências em vários processos celulares que podem justificar o pior prognóstico em doentes com SCA, nomeadamente nas vias da coagulação, no estado inflamatório e na função endotelial. No entanto, existem ainda algumas dúvidas quanto ao valor a partir do qual é considerado hiperglicemia na admissão hospitalar, o valor alvo da glicemia para o controlo metabólico e as medidas terapêuticas a serem implementadas.Hyperglycemia is a common finding in hospital admission of patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) regardless of prior diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM). Several studies have demonstrated a statistically significant relationship between the presence of hyperglycemia and poor prognosis in the short and long term in patients with ACS. In view of the recognition of this relationship, several authors have tried to find therapeutic solutions that could reverse the effect of hyperglycemia and, thus, improve the prognosis. Hyperglycemia has effects on several cellular processes that can justify the worst prognosis in patients with ACS, particularly in the coagulation pathways in the inflammatory state and endothelial function. However, there are still some doubts as to the value from which is considered hyperglycemia on admission, the target value of blood glucose for metabolic control and therapeutic measures to be implemented

A “New” Player on the Block

Funding Information: D.A.C. has received honoraria from the Portuguese Navy, CUF Oncologia, and NTT DATA, and has served as a speaker, advisory board member, or has received research or education funding from AstraZeneca, CUF Oncologia, Daiichi Sankyo, Gilead, Hoffmann-La Roche, Merck KGaA, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Nestlé, Novartis, Pfizer, Nanobiotix, Puma Biotechnology Inc., Sanofi, Seagen Inc., and Uriage. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors.The tumour microenvironment (TME) comprises a complex ecosystem of different cell types, including immune cells, cells of the vasculature and lymphatic system, cancer-associated fibroblasts, pericytes, and adipocytes. Cancer proliferation, invasion, metastasis, drug resistance and immune escape are all influenced by the dynamic interaction between cancer cells and TME. Microbes, such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, archaea and protists, found within tumour tissues, constitute the intratumour microbiota, which is tumour type-specific and distinct among patients with different clinical outcomes. Growing evidence reveals a significant relevance of local microbiota in the colon, liver, breast, lung, oral cavity and pancreas carcinogenesis. Moreover, there is a growing interest in the tumour immune microenvironment (TIME) pointed out in several cross-sectional studies on the correlation between microbiota and TME. It is now known that microorganisms have the capacity to change the density and function of anticancer and suppressive immune cells, enabling the promotion of an inflammatory environment. As immunotherapy (such as immune checkpoint inhibitors) is becoming a promising therapy using TIME as a therapeutic target, the analysis and comprehension of local microbiota and its modulating strategies can help improve cancer treatments.publishersversionpublishe

Influência da alexitimia nos processos atencionais: A deteção de expressões faciais emocionais

Alexithymia is characterized by difficulties in emotional processing and facial expression recognition, essential processes in interpersonal relationship. In this study we intended to evaluate if facial expressions processing in individuals with high levels of alexithymia, especially negative emotional expressions (anger, disgust), is distinguished from the processing done by individuals with low levels of alexithymia. The participants (67 women) performed a visual search task in which sets of emotional facial expressions (happyness, anger and disgust) were presented among neutral facial expressions. The participants’ task was to detect the presence or absence of these emotional facial expressions as quickly and accurately as possible. The results revealed no significant differences between the target groups. However, there was a differential processing of the emotional facial expressions according to the face gender. The negative emotional expressions on faces of men were promptly detected. On the other hand, the processing of faces of women who expressed anger led to a greater proportion of errors. The evolutionary assumptions associated with the processing of negative emotions, which the literature in the relationship between emotion and attention indicates as being an adaptive process in the general population, may explain the absence of significant effects between the groups with high and low levels of alexithymia.A alexitimia carateriza-se pela dificuldade no processamento emocional e reconhecimento de expressões faciais, processos indispensáveis no relacionamento interpessoal. Neste estudo, pretendemos avaliar se o processamento de expressões faciais em indivíduos com altos níveis de alexitimia, sobretudo de expressões com cariz emocional negativo (raiva, nojo), é diferenciado do processamento efetuado por indivíduos com baixos níveis de alexitimia. Os participantes (67 mulheres) realizaram uma tarefa de procura visual onde se apresentavam conjuntos de expressões faciais emocionais (alegria, raiva, nojo), tendo os participantes de detetar de modo rápido e preciso a presença (ou ausência) destas expressões apresentadas entre expressões faciais neutras. Os resultados não revelaram quaisquer diferenças significativas entre os grupos. Contudo, verificou-se um processamento diferencial das expressões faciais emocionais em função do género da face. As expressões emocionais negativas em faces de homens foram mais rapidamente detetadas. Por outro lado, o processamento de faces de mulheres que expressavam raiva conduziu a uma maior proporção de erros. Os pressupostos evolutivos associados ao processamento das emoções negativas, que a literatura na área da relação entre a emoção e a atenção aponta como adaptativa na população em geral, poderá explicar a ausência de efeitos significativos entre o grupo com altos e baixos níveis de alexitimia

Mutation Patterns in Portuguese Families with Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome

Funding Information: The authors R.V., M.V., A.D.M. and C.S. declare no conflict of interest. D.A.C. has received honoraria from the Portuguese Navy, CUF Oncologia, and NTT DATA, and has served as a speaker, advisory board member, or has received research or education funding from AstraZeneca, CUF Oncologia, Daiichi Sankyo, Gilead, Hoffmann-La Roche, Merck KGaA, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Nestlé, Novartis, Pfizer, Nanobiotix, Puma Biotechnology Inc., Sanofi, Seagen Inc., and Uriage. MFS is a consultant/speaker for Astellas, Daiichi-Sankyo, Bristol Myers Squibb, Gilead, Lilly, Merck, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre-Fabre Ipsen, Roche and Server. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors.Germline pathogenic variants in the Breast Cancer Genes 1 (BRCA1) and 2 (BRCA2) are responsible for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (HBOC) syndrome. Genetic susceptibility to breast cancer accounts for 5–10% of all cases, phenotypically presenting with characteristics such as an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, earlier age of onset, bilateral tumours, male breast cancer, and ovarian tumours, among others. BRCA2 pathogenic variant is usually associated with other cancers such as melanoma, prostate, and pancreatic cancers. Many rearrangements of different mutations were found in both genes, with some ethnic groups having higher frequencies of specific mutations due to founder effects. Despite the heterogeneity of germline BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations in Portuguese breast or/and ovarian cancer families, the first described founder mutation in the BRCA2 gene (c.156_157insAlu) and two other variants in the BRCA1 gene (c.3331_3334del and c.2037delinsCC) contribute to about 50% of all pathogenic mutations. Furthermore, the families with the BRCA1 c.3331_3334del or the c.2037delinsCC mutations share a common haplotype, suggesting that these may also be founder mutations in the Portuguese population. Identifying specific and recurrent/founder mutations plays an important role in increasing the efficiency of genetic testing since it allows the use of more specific, cheaper and faster strategies to screen HBOC families. Therefore, this review aims to describe the mutational rearrangements of founder mutations and evaluate their impact on the genetic testing criteria for HBOC families of Portuguese ancestry.publishersversionpublishe

Human Microbiota and Immunotherapy in Breast Cancer - A Review of Recent Developments

Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2022 Vitorino, Baptista de Almeida, Alpuim Costa, Faria, Calhau and Azambuja Braga.Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy and the second cause of cancer-specific death in women from high-income countries. Infectious agents are the third most important risk factor for cancer incidence after tobacco and obesity. Dysbiosis emerged as a key player that may influence cancer development, treatment, and prognosis through diverse biological processes. Metastatic BC has a highly variable clinical course, and more recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become an emerging therapy in BC. Even with standardised treatment protocols, patients do not respond similarly, reflecting each individual´s heterogeneity, unique BC features, and tumour microenvironment. However, there is insufficient data regarding predictive factors of response to available treatments for BC. The microbiota could be a crucial piece of the puzzle to anticipate better individual BC risk and prognosis, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and clinical efficacy. In recent years, it has been shown that gut microbiota may modulate cancer treatments’ efficacy and adverse effects, and it is also apparent that both cancer itself and anticancer therapies interact with gut microbiota bidirectionally. Moreover, it has been proposed that certain gut microbes may protect the host against inappropriate inflammation and modulate the immune response. Future clinical research will determine if microbiota may be a prognostic and predictive factor of response to ICI and/or its side effects. Also, modulation of microbiota can be used to improve outcomes in BC patients. In this review, we discuss the potential implications of metabolomics and pharmacomicrobiomics that might impact BC immunotherapy treatment.publishersversionpublishe

Could Gut Microbiota Make a Difference?—“BiotaCancerSurvivors”: A Case-Control Study

In this first analysis, samples from 23 BC survivors (group 1) and 291 healthy female controls (group 2) were characterised through the V3 and V4 regions that encode the “16S rRNA” gene of each bacteria. The samples were sequenced by next-generation sequencing (NGS), and the taxonomy was identified by resorting to Kraken2 and improved with Bracken, using a curated database called ‘GutHealth_DB’. The α and β-diversity analyses were used to determine the richness and evenness of the gut microbiota. A non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test was applied to assess differential abundance between both groups. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio was calculated using a Kruskal-Wallis chi-squared test. The α-diversity was significantly higher in group 1 (p = 0.28 × 10−12 for the Chao index and p = 1.64 × 10−12 for the ACE index). The Shannon index, a marker of richness and evenness, was not statistically different between the two groups (p = 0.72). The microbiota composition was different between the two groups: a null hypothesis was rejected for PERMANOVA (p = 9.99 × 10−5) and Anosim (p = 0.04) and was not rejected for β-dispersion (p = 0.158), using Unifrac weighted distance. The relative abundance of 14 phyla, 29 classes, 25 orders, 64 families, 116 genera, and 74 species differed significantly between both groups. The F/B ratio was significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2, p < 0.001. Our study allowed us to observe significant taxonomic disparities in the two groups by testing the differences between BC survivors and healthy controls. Additional studies are needed to clarify the involved mechanisms and explore the relationship between microbiota and BC survivorship.publishersversionpublishe

Planejamento de alta hospitalar em paciente psiquiátrica inserida em um contexto de vulnerabilidade social: um relato de caso / Hospital discharge planning in a psychiatric patient inserted in a context of social vulnerability: a case report

Introdução: A violência doméstica é caracterizada como qualquer forma de violência praticada dentro do contexto familiar, seja ela física, sexual, psicológica, moral ou patrimonial. Acerca dessa prática nociva, percebe-se que a violência contra a mulher é uma questão bastante problemática que traz sequelas tanto no âmbito físico quanto no psicológico. Nesse tocante, estudos demonstram que pode ser feita uma associação entre agravos psicológicos e violências domésticas. Além disso, no contexto de vulnerabilidade social, a participação de uma equipe multidisciplinar capacitada para conseguir dar uma alta psiquiátrica hospitalar adequada é essencial. Objetivo: Esse estudo visa abordar um caso sobre violência doméstica e sexual e sua relação com transtornos psiquiátricos, além da importância de um planejamento de alta hospitalar adequado para esses pacientes. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo na forma de relato de caso a partir de uma consulta médica com uma paciente internada em um hospital psiquiátrico de nível terciário, correlacionando com referências bibliográficas pelas plataformas LILACS e SciELO. Relato de caso: Paciente do sexo feminino, 37 anos, parda, solteira, sem residência fixa, ensino fundamental incompleto e atualmente desempregada. Gestante de 39 semanas e mãe de quatro filhas, apesar de só ter contato com uma. Relatou ter relação conflituosa com todos seus familiares, sendo vítima constante de violência doméstica, além de ser usuária de diversos tipos de psicoativos. Nesse viés, deu entrada pela segunda vez na emergência, sendo internada e medicada. Entretanto, após sua alta hospitalar, a paciente precisou retornar novamente por não aderir corretamente ao tratamento e pelo cenário de vulnerabilidade social que está inserida. Discussão: No que se refere à paciente deste relato, destaca-se que o contexto de vulnerabilidade social no qual a mesma está inserida constitui um fator determinante para a dificuldade de alta hospitalar da Unidade Psiquiátrica, seja pela dificuldade de prosseguir o tratamento por conta própria ou seja pela ausência de uma maior multidisciplinaridade no que tange ao planejamento do cuidado desses pacientes. Conclusão: É necessário promover a capacitação de uma equipe multidisciplinar na abordagem e acolhimento dessas pacientes. Ademais, é relevante destacar a importância de uma conduta que atue de maneira tanto a tratar a psicopatologia e fornecer um suporte pós-alta hospitalar adequado quanto a estimular melhorias nas condições de vida do indivíduo. 

Design, synthesis and biologival evaluation of novel isoniazid derivatives with potente antitubercular activity

The disturbing emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has been driving the scientific community to urgently search for new and efficient antitubercular drugs. Despite the various drugs currently under evaluation, isoniazid is still the key and most effective component in all multi-therapeutic regimens recommended by the WHO. This paper describes the QSAR-oriented design, synthesis and in vitro antitubercular activity of several potent isoniazid derivatives (isonicotinoyl hydrazones and isonicotinoyl hydrazides) against H37Rv and two resistant Mtb strains. QSAR studies entailed RFs and ASNNs classification models, as well as MLR models. Strict validation procedures were used to guarantee the models' robustness and predictive ability. Lipophilicity was shown not to be relevant to explain the activity of these derivatives, whereas shorter N-N distances and lengthy substituents lead to more active compounds. Compounds I, 2, 4, 5 and 6, showed measured activities against H37Rv higher than INH (i.e., MIC <= 0.28 mu M), while compound 9 exhibited a six fold decrease in MIC against the katG (S315T) mutated strain, by comparison with INH (Le., 6.9 vs. 43.8 mu M). All compounds were ineffective against H37Rv(INH) (Delta katG), a strain with a full deletion of the katG gene, thus corroborating the importance of KatG in the activation of INH-based compounds. The most potent compounds were also shown not to be cytotoxic up to a concentration 500 times higher than MIC. (C) 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved