Caracterização fenológica de genótipos de uvas de mesa do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma da Embrapa Semiárido.

Com este trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar o comportamento fenológico de 109 genótipos de uvas de mesa do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma da Embrapa Semiárido durante o primeiro e o segundo semestres de 2010. O experimento foi instalado no Campo Experimental de Mandacaru, Juazeiro, BA. Considerou-se a média em número de dias de duas safras (2010.1 e 2010.2) para a ocorrência das principais fases fenológicas. Foram avaliados 76 genótipos de uvas de mesa com semente e 33 genótipos de uvas sem semente. Os genótipos foram classificados em precoce, mediano e tardio. Entre os genótipos de uvas com semente, houve um predomínio de genótipos tardios, tanto nos ciclos do primeiro quanto do segundo semestre de 2010, correspondendo a 60% e 64% dos genótipos, respectivamente. A maioria dos genótipos de uvas sem sementes apresentaram ciclo fenológico mediano nos dois semestres do ano. A duração das fases fenológicas sofreu variações de acordo com os ciclos do primeiro e segundo semestre, como também de acordo com o genótipo

Hybrid Manufacturing Processes Used in the Production of Complex Parts: A Comprehensive Review

Additive manufacturing is defined as a process based on the superposition of layers of materials in order to obtain 3D parts; however, the process does not allow achieve the adequate and necessary surface finishing. In addition, with the development of new materials with superior properties, some of them acquire high hardness and strength, consequently decreasing their ability to be machined. To overcome this shortcoming, a new technology assembling additive and subtractive processes, was developed and implemented. In this process, the additive methods are integrated into a single machine with subtractive processes, often called hybrid manufacturing. The additive manufacturing process is used to produce the part with high efficiency and flexibility, whilst machining is then triggered to give a good surface finishing and dimensional accuracy. With this, and without the need to transport the part from one machine to another, the manufacturing time of the part is reduced, as well as the production costs, since the waste of material is minimized, with the additive–subtractive integration. This work aimed to carry out an extensive literature review regarding additive manufacturing methods, such as binder blasting, directed energy deposition, material extrusion, material jetting, powder bed fusion, sheet laminating and vat polymerization, as well as machining processes, studying the additive-subtractive integration, in order to analyze recent developments in this area, the techniques used, and the results obtained. To perform this review, ScienceDirect, Web of Knowledge and Google Scholar were used as the main source of information because they are powerful search engines in science information. Specialized books have been also used, as well as several websites. The main keywords used in searching information were: “CNC machining”, “hybrid machining”, “hybrid manufacturing”, “additive manufacturing”, “high-speed machining” and “post-processing”. The conjunction of these keywords was crucial to filter the huge information currently available about additive manufacturing. The search was mainly focused on publications of the current century. The work intends to provide structured information on the research carried out about each one of the two considered processes (additive manufacturing and machining), and on how these developments can be taken into consideration in studies about hybrid machining, helping researchers to increase their knowledge in this field in a faster way. An outlook about the integration of these processes is also performed. Additionally, a SWOT analysis is also provided for additive manufacturing, machining and hybrid manufacturing processes, observing the aspects inherent to these technologies.The present work was done and funded under the scope of the projects ON-SURF (ANI | P2020 | POCI-01-0247-FEDER-024521 and MCTool21 “Manufacturing of cutting tools for the 21st century: from nano-scale material design to numerical process simulation” (ref.: “POCI-01-0247- FEDER-045940”) co-funded by Portugal 2020 and FEDER, through COMPETE 2020-Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation. This work is also sponsored by FEDER National funds FCT under the project CEMMPRE ref. “UIDB/00285/2020”. F.J.G. Silva also thanks INEGI-Instituto de Ciência e Inovação em Engenharia Mecânica e Engenharia Indústria due to its support.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Freeze‑dried Nannochloropsis oceanica biomass protects eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) from metabolization in the rumen of lambs

Research Areas: Science & Technology ; Other TopicsEicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) from freeze-dried biomass of Nannochloropsis oceanica microalgae resists ruminal biohydrogenation in vitro, but in vivo demonstration is needed. Therefore, the present study was designed to test the rumen protective effects of N. oceanica in lambs. Twenty-eight lambs were assigned to one of four diets: Control (C); and C diets supplemented with: 1.2% Nannochloropsis sp. oil (O); 12.3% spray-dried N. oceanica (SD); or 9.2% N. oceanica (FD), to achieve 3 g EPA /kg dry matter. Lambs were slaughtered after 3 weeks and digestive contents and ruminal wall samples were collected. EPA concentration in the rumen of lambs fed FD was about 50% higher than lambs fed SD or O diets. Nevertheless, the high levels of EPA in cecum and faeces of animals fed N. oceanica biomass, independently of the drying method, suggests that EPA was not completely released and absorbed in the small intestine. Furthermore, supplementation with EPA sources also affected the ruminal biohydrogenation of C18 fatty acids, mitigating the shift from the t10 biohydrogenation pathways to the t11 pathways compared to the Control diet. Overall, our results demonstrate that FD N. oceanica biomass is a natural rumen-protected source of EPA to ruminants.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Explanation-by-Example Based on Item Response Theory

Intelligent systems that use Machine Learning classification algorithms are increasingly common in everyday society. However, many systems use black-box models that do not have characteristics that allow for self-explanation of their predictions. This situation leads researchers in the field and society to the following question: How can I trust the prediction of a model I cannot understand? In this sense, XAI emerges as a field of AI that aims to create techniques capable of explaining the decisions of the classifier to the end-user. As a result, several techniques have emerged, such as Explanation-by-Example, which has a few initiatives consolidated by the community currently working with XAI. This research explores the Item Response Theory (IRT) as a tool to explaining the models and measuring the level of reliability of the Explanation-by-Example approach. To this end, four datasets with different levels of complexity were used, and the Random Forest model was used as a hypothesis test. From the test set, 83.8% of the errors are from instances in which the IRT points out the model as unreliable.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables, submitted for the BRACIS'22 conferenc

Unleashing the potential of supercritical fluids for polymer processing in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine

One of the major scientific challenges that tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) faces to move from benchtop to bedside regards biomaterials development, despite the latest advances in polymer processing technologies. A variety of scaffolds processing techniques have been developed and include solvent casting and particles leaching, compression molding and particle leaching, thermally induced phase separation, rapid prototyping, among others. Supercritical fluids appear as an interesting alternative to the conventional methods for processing biopolymers as they do not require the use of large amounts of organic solvents and the processes can be conducted at mild temperatures. However, this processing technique has only recently started to receive more attention from researchers. Different processing methods based on the use of supercritical carbon dioxide have been proposed for the creation of novel architectures based on natural and synthetic polymers and these will be unleashed in this paper.The research leading to these results has recieved funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) under grant agreement no. KBBE-2010-266033 (project SPECIAL), no. NMP4-SL-2009-229292 (project Find & Bind), from FEDER through POCTEP Project 0330_IBEROMARE_1_P, from the Sixth Framework Programme (FP6) under grant agreement NMP3-CT-2004-500283 (project EXPERTISSUES), Portuguese Foundation fo Science and Technology (FCT) is also acknowledged. for PhD and Post-Doc fellowships of Ana Rits C. Duarte, Vitor E. Santo, Anabela Alves, Simone S. Silva, Joana Moreira-Silva and Tiage H. Silva.Ana Rita C. Duarte would like to acknowledgs Fundacao Luso-Americana para o Desenvolvimento for the travel grant awarded to present this work at the international Symposium of Supercritical Fluids - ISSF 2012

A systematic review of indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of digital public services

Effectiveness is a key feature of good governance, as the public sector must make the best use of resources to comply with the needs of the population. Several indicators can be analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of a service. This study analyzes theoretical references and presents a systematic research of indicators to assess the effectiveness of digital public services in the perspective of the user. First, a literature review was carried out to identify the most common indicators employed to evaluate effectiveness in the public sector; then, the perception of academics and professionals regarding digital government was assessed to analyze the relevance of these indicators. As a result, two groups of indicators were found: technical factors based on service quality and usefulness of the service. This work contributes to enrich the discussion on how to create an effective model to evaluate the effectiveness of public services to guarantee quality standards and comply with the expectations of users

Uma ajuda na análise e interpretação de informação da aptidão física de crianças e jovens provenientes de amostras de grande dimensão. Um tutorial centrado na modelação hierárquica ou multinível

Este estudo pretende apresentar, de modo didáctico, a utilização da modelação hierárquica ou multinível na análise e interpretação do desempenho motor de crianças e jovens a partir da prova da corrida-marcha da milha. As diferentes etapas da modelação são mencionadas, analisando o comportamento dos resultados a partir dos output's do software utilizado, o HLM 6.02. Cada etapa da análise é devidamente esclarecida e mencionada a sua relevância em termos interpretativos dos resultados

Aproveitamento da água do processamento dos frutos na fertirrigação do café.

O processamento dos frutos do cafeeiro, envolvendo as operações de limpeza, lavagem e descascamento, possibilita obter o café cereja descascado, produto com maior valor no mercado. O processamento dos frutos do cafeeiro tem outras vantagens: a) após o descascamento, as cascas são removidas, facilitando e abreviando a secagem dos grãos; b) a remoção da casca reduz o volume de café a ser secado, demandando terreiros e secadores de menor dimensão, e menos mão-de-obra; c) parte da mucilagem, que é um ótimo substrato para o crescimento de microrganismos, sai junto com a casca, diminuindo o risco de fermentações indesejáveis. Entretanto, o processamento dos frutos do cafeeiro gasta muita água e gera a água do processamento do café ? APC, capaz de poluir o ambiente aquático, devido a alta carga orgânica que contém. Para ser lançada em corpos hídricos a APC precisa ser tratada, conforme disposto na Resolução CONAMA n° 430, de 13/05/2011. Vários autores recomendam que a APC seja aproveitada na adubação de lavouras, contudo, é generalizada a crença de que a APC queima as plantas, o que pode ocorrer se aplicada em excesso. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos da aplicação da APC sobre o pH e o teor de K no solo e o os teores de N e K nas folhas de café