Alcoholic beverage consumption and price trends 2007

Julkaisupäivä 30.5.200

Alkohol och narkotika regionvis år 2003

Julk. 21.2.200

Maternal asthma is associated with increased risk of perinatal mortality

Background Asthma is the most common chronic disease during pregnancy and it may have influence on pregnancy outcome. Objectives Our goal was to assess the association between maternal asthma and the perinatal risks as well as possible effects of asthma medication. Methods The study was based on a nationwide Finnish register-based cohort between the years 1996 and 2012 in the Drug and Pregnancy Database. The register data comprised 962 405 singleton live and stillbirths, 898 333 (93.3%) pregnancies in mothers with neither confirmed asthma nor use of asthma medication (controls), and 26 674 (2.8%) pregnancies with confirmed maternal asthma. 71% of mothers with asthma used asthma medication. The diagnosis of asthma was based on the mothers' right for subsidised medication which is carefully evaluated by strict criteria including pulmonary function testing. Odds ratio was used in comparison. Premature birth (PB), low birth weight, small for gestational age (SGA), neonatal death were the main outcome measures. Results Maternal asthma was associated with adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for perinatal mortality 1.24 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.46), preterm birth 1.18 (1.11 to 1.25), low birth weight 1.29 (1.21 to 1.37), fetal growth restriction (SGA) 1.32, (1.24 to 1.40), and asphyxia 1.09 (1.02 to 1.17). Asthma treatment reduced the increased risk of preterm birth aOR 0.85 (95% CI 0.76 to 0.96) but mothers with treated asthma had higher risks of fetal growth restriction (SGA) aOR 1.26 (1.10 to 1.45), and asphyxia aOR 1.37 (1.17 to 1.61) than mothers with untreated asthma. Conclusion Asthma is associated with increased risks of perinatal mortality, preterm birth, low birth weight, fetal growth restriction (SGA), and asphyxia. Asthma treatment reduces the risk of preterm delivery, but it does not seem to reduce other complications such as perinatal mortality.Peer reviewe

Health- and work-related predictors of work disability among employees with a cardiometabolic disease - A cohort study

Objective: The proportion of aging employees with cardiometabolic diseases, such as heart or cerebrovascular disease, diabetes and chronic hypertension is on the rise. We explored the extent to which health- and work-related factors were associated with the risk of disability pension among individuals with such cardiometabolic disease. Methods: A cohort of 4798 employees with and 9716 employees without a cardiometabolic disease were followed up for 7 years (2005-2011) for disability pension. For these participants, register and survey data (from 2004) were linked to records on disability pensions. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used for estimating the hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Individuals with heart or cerebrovascular disease had 2.88-fold (95% CI = 2.50-331) higher risk of all cause disability pension compared to employees with no cardiometabolic disease. Diabetes was associated with a 1.84-fold (95% CI = 1.52-2.23) and hypertension a 1.50-fold (95% CI = 131-1.72) increased risk of disability pension. Obesity in cases of diabetes and hypertension (15%) and psychological distress in cases of heart or cerebrovascular disease (9%) were the strongest contributing factors. All 12 health- and work-related risk factors investigated accounted for 24% of the excess work disability in hypertension, 28% in diabetes, and 11% in heart or cerebrovascular disease. Cause-specific analyses (disability pension due to mental, musculoskeletal and circulatory system diseases) yielded similar results. Conclusions: In this study, modifiable risk factors, such as obesity and mental comorbidity, predicted permanent exit from the labor market due to disability in individuals with cardiometabolic disease. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

Effect of wrist-worn activity monitor feedback on physical activity behavior: A randomized controlled trial in Finnish young men

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the use of an activity monitor providing feedback has an effect on physical activity (PA) in young men. A population-based sample of 276 conscription-aged (mean=17.9, SD=0.7years) men participated in a 3-month randomized controlled trial in Oulu in 2012. Participants were randomized to an intervention group (INT, N=137) and a control group (CON, N=139). INT received a wrist-worn monitor (Polar Active) showing daily activity, and CON received identical monitors without feedback. Main outcome was the change from baseline in objectively measured weekly time spent in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and sedentary activity (SED), as assessed by generalized estimation equations (GEE). Other lifestyle factors were assessed by a questionnaire at baseline and at 3months. Weekly physical activity data (≥4days with ≥8h each) were obtained from 72 (53%) and 90 (65%) men in the INT and CON, respectively. Based on GEE, time spent in MVPA increased (p=0.012) and SED decreased (p=0.032) in the INT compared with the CON. During the first 7weeks, the INT spent on average 1h less sedentary than the CON (t-test, p<0.05). During the first week, the INT showed 12minutes more MVPA compared to the CON (t-test, p=0.034). Based on questionnaire data, the proportion of the most sedentary men decreased in the INT (Wilcoxon test, 28% vs. 10%, p=0.029), with no change in the CON (20% vs. 19%, p=0.546). To conclude, a wrist-worn activity monitor providing feedback had a short-term positive effect on PA and SED in young men.Trial registrationThis is a pilot study for a larger randomized controlled trial registered to the clinical trials register NCT01376986

Ilmastopolitiikan ja muun yhteiskuntapolitiikan koherenssi. Ristiriidat ja synergiat metsäbioenergiaan ja elintarvikeketjuihin vaikuttavissa politiikkatoimissa

Politiikkaristiriitojen vähentämiseksi ja synergioiden luomiseksi tarvitaan tietoa siitä, miten politiikkatoimet eri sektoreilla ja sektorit ylittävästi vaikuttavat kasvihuonekaasupäästöjen rajoittamiseen ja ilmastonmuutokseen sopeutumiseen: Missä määrin politiikkasektorit ovat ilmastopolitiikan kanssa koherentteja? Tässä tutkimuksessa ilmastopolitiikan koherenssia tarkasteltiin suhteessa metsäbioenergiaan ja elintarvikeketjuihin liittyviin politiikkatoimiin toimien ja toimijoiden näkökulmasta. Tarkastelu perustui kvantitatiivisiin malleihin, politiikka–analyysiin, toimijahaastatteluihin ja työpajoihin. Tutkimuksessa havaittiin puutteita ristiriitojen tunnistamisessa ja tunnustamisessa. Metsäbioenergian osalta tämä ilmeni päällekkäisinä metsien käytön tavoitteina ilman selkeää tietoa siitä, mikä on ilmastotavoitteiden suhde muihin metsienkäytön tavoitteisiin. Toimijat kokivat ongelmat politiikkakeinojen nopeina muutoksina ja eroina erilaisten bioenergiaketjujen huomioinnissa. Mallilaskelmat nostivat esiin epäsuoria ja sektoreiden välisiä vaikutuksia. Esimerkiksi puuenergian lisääntyvä käyttö nostaa energiapuun hintaa ja kuljetuskustannuksia. Tämä vaikuttaa puun ja turpeen hintasuhteeseen ja siten energialaitosten polttoainevalintaan. Markkinavaikutukset tulee ottaa huomioon esimerkiksi asetettaessa päästöoikeuden hintaan sidottuja ohjauskeinoja. Energiakäytön aiheuttama kuitupuun hinnan nousu on esimerkki ristiriidasta ilmastopolitiikan ja teollisuuspolitiikan välillä. Elintarvikeketjujen osalta ravitsemussuositukset ovat ilmastopolitiikan kanssa yhtenevät: ravitsemussuositusten mukainen kulutus vähentäisi ilmastopäästöjä. Toisaalta suositusten mukainen kulutus ei suoraan johda kotimaisen maataloustuotannon ja sen tuottamien kasvihuonekaasupäästöjen merkittävään vähenemiseen, vaan vaikutus on pikemminkin globaali. Kansallisen tason päästövähennyksiä voidaan tukea maatalouspolitiikalla. Esimerkkinä tarkasteltiin maankäytön muutoksia. Pellonraivauksen todettiin aiheutuvan vesiensuojelun ja maatalouspolitiikan yhdistelmästä, joka tilakoon kasvun ja kotieläintuotannon alueellisen keskittymisen vuoksi kannustaa pellonraivaukseen myös alueilla, joilla peltomaan raivauksesta aiheutuu suhteessa suuremmat päästöt. Koherenssin lisääminen edellyttää koherenssiongelmien parempaa tunnistamista. Tämä vaatii politiikkatoimien ja niiden vaikutusten yksityiskohtaista tarkastelua. Käytännössä tarvitaan eri tavoitteiden välisten ristiriitojen avoimempaa käsittelyä sekä tavoitteiden selkeää priorisointia

Association of physical activity with future mental health in older, mid-life and younger women

Peer reviewe

Chronic workplace stress and insufficient physical activity : a cohort study

Peer reviewe