Proporsi peresepan probiotik pada gastroenteritis akut pasien pediatri di bangsal rawat inap RS X pada Februari 2015

Pediatric patients are one of the target groups of the National Health System in Indonesia that requires special attention in therapy because their anatomy physiology was immature. A lot of probiotics indicated for acute gastroenteritis (AGE) for pediatric patients. Probiotic prescribing includes the types of probiotic, dosage and duration for AGE has not been discussed clearly. The aim of our study was to determine the proportion of probiotic that have prescribed for acute gastroenteritis topediatric agedin hospitalized. This study was analytical observational with cross sectional design. Data was obtained retrospectively with non-purposive sampling.Samplesize was based on cross-sectional design calculation and obtained a number of 200 medical records from Hospital X, IndonesiaonFebruary 2015. This study used secondary data from medical records. Data collected was patient identity, patientaged, probiotic prescribing includes the types of probiotic, dosage and duration. Data have been analyzed in descriptive and Mann-Whitney to observe the difference between types of probiotic, dosage and duration probiotic used topediatric aged. This study showed this hospital only used 5 probiotic brands. Group aged <2 years is more used of 3 types of probiotic species while at the age of> 2 years is prefer to use 6 types. The mean dose of probiotic is greater in the group aged >2 years. Probiotic duration in the group <2 years is for 4 days while in those aged >2 years in duration 5 days. The number of cases that do not fit with the recommended dose packs is more commonly found at age <2 years. There is a different proportion between type of probiotic (p=0.000), dose of probiotic (p=0.040), and probiotic duration (p=0.008) with pediatric aged. There was a statistically significant difference between types of probiotic, dosage and duration probiotic used to pediatric aged

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN PARASETAMOL SELAMA KEHAMILAN TERHADAP PREEKLAMPSIA

Abstract: Preeclampsia is one of the causes of maternal death. The important factor ofpreeclampsia's pathophysiology is reduction of PGI2 as vasodilator. It causes vasoconstrictionwhich influences the formation of desidua. Paracetamol is the most widely used antipyretic in theworld. Mechanism of action of paracetamol may lead to preeclampsia. The aim of this researchwas to determine the relation between paracetamol used during pregnancy and preeclampsia inRS X Yogyakarta. The research was an analytical epidemiology with case control study design.Data were obtained from medical record and interview. Sample size was 137 maternal patients inOctober-December 2013 and 72 maternal have been followed up. Data were analyzed usingdescriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and logistic regression. Preeclampsia patients weretaking paracetamol during pregnancy (71.8%), aged 30-40 years (84.6%), and hadpreeclampsia family history (28.2) than non preeclampsia patient. Chi-square test showed therelation between paracetamol used (p=0.010, OR= 3.46 (95%CI= 1.30 9.22), dose a day(p=0.010, OR= 3.18 (95%CI= 1.12 9.06), duration of paracetamol used (p=0.005, OR= 7.75(95%CI= 1.60 37.53), and used within first trimester (p=0.878, OR= 0.91 (95%CI= 0.26 3.12) to preeclampsia. Logistic regression analyses showed no correlation between variables topreeclampsia. Women who used paracetamol during pregnancy had an increased risk ofpreeclampsia.Key words: preeclampsia, paracetamol, pregnancy

Sindrom Metabolik pada Pasien Kanker di Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Provinsi DI Yogyakarta memiliki prevalensi kanker tertinggi di Indonesia. Di sisi lain, pasien kanker mungkin memiliki risiko penyakit kardiovaskular akibat kemoterapi yang diterima. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengobservasi sindrom metabolik pada pasien kanker di Yayasan Kanker Indonesia di Yogyakarta, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai skrining awal dan langkah preventif mengurangi risiko penyakit kardiovaskuler maupun relapsing kanker. Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik dengan desain potong lintang (cross-sectional) dengan mengikutsertakan responden di Yayasan Kanker Indonesia selama bulan Agustus 2018. Kriteria inklusi subyek penelitian adalah pasien terdiagnosa kanker, berusia 20-74 tahun, dan bersedia ikut serta dalam penelitian dengan menandatangani informed consent. Analisis komparatif kategorik digunakan untuk melihat pengaruh jenis diagnosa kanker, stage, dan lama terapi terhadap sindrom metabolik dengan menggunakan Chi-Square. Kanker nasofaring merupakan kanker yang paling banyak ditemui dengan 36,9% pasien pada stage 3 dan 4, serta 55% pasien telah menjalani terapi >3 bulan. Jumlah pasien dengan gula darah sewaktu (GDS)>200 mg/dL, status obesitas [berdasarkan Body Mass Index (BMI) dan lingkar pinggang (LP)], dan hipertensi masing-masing sebesar 6,3; 50,5; dan 47,7%. Terdapat perbedaan proporsi BMI yang bermakna secara statistik (p=0,03) terhadap jenis kanker, namun tidak ditemukan pada variabel yang lain. Untuk bisa mengambil kesimpulan yang lebih baik, perlu adanya peninjuan lebih dalam ke pihak rumah sakit melalui rekam medis terkait dengan stage dan terapi yang diterima oleh pasien

Why Does the Poor Glycemic Control Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Remain High in Southeast Asia?

Presently, as well, 55% of the world’s diabetic population is Asian, with an estimated 230 million. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) shows that the number of people with diabetes in the Southeast Asia (SEA) Region is 16.8% of all people with diabetes worldwide. To manage a patient’s blood glucose level, consider minimizing the worst effects of diabetes mellitus. Glycemic control using HbA1c levels is one of the important factors in the risk of diabetes that is associated with complications and mortality. A PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched using the following: We only screened original-type articles for relevance and considered them further. Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Southeast Asia mostly experience uncontrolled blood glucose. More than 50% of research subjects show poor glycemic control. The influencing factors of poor glycemic control in Southeast Asia were age, BMI, hypertension, smoking activity, education, physical activity, and dyslipidemia. The awareness of glycemic control must be improved in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

HUBUNGAN PROCALSITONIN DAN GAMBARAN MORFOLOGI LEUKOSIT PADA INFEKSI BAKTERIAL

Abstract: Bacterial sepsis increases morbidity and mortality in all ages. Early detection has been shownto be crucial for the improved outcome of patients with sepsis. Till now there is no routine test forscreening. Procalcitonin and morphology of leukocytes are biomarkers of bacterial sepsis. The aim of thisstudy was to determine the relationship between procalcitonin and morphology of leukocytes as marker inbacterial infection. This study was analytical observational with cross sectional design and data collectedprospectively.This study measured simultaneously the value of procalcitonin and morphology of leukocytesexamination in patients with suspected bacterial infection in hospital X of Yogyakarta. Data were analysedby statistics. The results showed immature granulocytes and vacuolization of neutrophils in the leucocytesmorphology has a significant correlation with level of procalcitonin.Keywords: bacterial infection, procalcitonin, morphology of leukocyte

Distribution of cytochrome P450*4 (CYP2A6*4) allele gene among Javanese Indonesian T2DM patients

Smoking had been increasing the risk factor of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), both active and passive smokers, which is caused by nicotine contained in cigarettes. Nicotine has metabolized by cytochrome p450 2a6 (CYP2A6) enzyme coded by the CYP2A6 gene. This gene was a high polymorphism that is the CYP2A6*4 allele gene was inactive. Thus, our objective was to describe the CYP2A6*4 allele gene among active and passive Javanese smokers with T2DM. From this cross-sectional study, we identified this allele gene among 46 of the adults with T2DM, which were consist of 23 active smokers and 23 passive smokers. The CYP2A6*4 allele gene identification has done using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. The CYP2A6*4 allele frequency was analyzed to describe the distribution of this allele among the participants. This study supports the hypothesis that smoking, including cigarette smoke, was an environmentally modifiable risk factor for developing T2DM. Based on our result, the allele frequency among the participants was 42.39%. A high frequency of the CYP2A4 allele gene among the participants was indicating that the CYP2A4 allele gene was also the other risk factor in developing T2DM

Peran Apoteker dalam Pengelolaan Penyakit Degeneratif di Dusun Mergan Sendangmulyo, Sleman, D.I. Yogyakarya

Findings of the preliminary survey showed a high proportion of geriatric people in Dusun Mergan, Sendangmulyo, Sleman, which leads to high risk of cardiovascular and other degenerative diseases. This community service program aimed to identify the health status of Mergan’s people through health screening and to help them to maintain their health. This program was conducted in collaboration between the Faculty members and students of Pharmacy Faculty of Universitas Sanata Dharma Yogyakarta (USD). There were two consecutive periods; the first was in 7th of May and the second was in 22nd of October 2018. Health education, health screening, and health examination were conducted in each period. There were 93 people involved in the first period and 64 people in the second; however, only 32 persons who completely attended the two meeting periods. The program resulted data of 60.7% Mergan’s people with a risk of dyslipidemia, and 59.0% with hyperglycemic. There was no significant difference between the first and the second periods of examination of glucose level, cholesterol, and uric acid. Therefore, it is urgent to educate people in Mergan Village to promote and maintain a healthy lifestyle in order to decrease morbidity of degenerative disease in the community

KORELASI RASIO LINGKAR PINGGANG PANGGUL (RLPP) TERHADAP PROFIL LIPID PADA PRA-GERIATRI DAN GERIATRI

Abstract: Abnormality of lipid profile is one of cardiovascular risk factors which increases with aging.Anthropometric measurement is one of the predictors of abnormal lipid profile without invasive methodsand affordable cost. One of the anthropometric measurements that could be used as a predictor is waist tohip ratio (WHR). The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between WHR with abnormality oflipid profile which were related to total cholesterol, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), High DensityLipoprotein (HDL), and triglyceride (TG) in pre-geriatrics and geriatrics group. This study was analyticalobservational with cross sectional design. Statistical analysis used Kolmogorov-Smirnov followedbivariable analysis with confidence interval (CI) 95%. The correlation statistical test used Pearson andSpearman. The results showed no statistically significant correlation between WHR with total cholesterol(r=-0.054, p 0.05), LDL (r=-0.047, p 0.05), TG (r=0.018, p 0.05), and HDL (r=0.016, p 0.05).Keywords: lipid profile, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), pre-geriatric, geriatr

CORRELATION BETWEEN ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS AND RISK OF ANEMIA AMONG RURAL COMMUNITY IN CANGKRINGAN, SLEMAN

Anemia has been detected on various age groups. Measurement of hemoglobin (Hb) levels is a standard for deciding anemia conditions. The measurement requires certain costs, medical professional, and is invasive. People in rural areas need an economical, easy and simple examination to identify the risk of anemia. Anthropometric measurement is expected to be an appropriate measurement model for rural communities. The objective of the study is to obtain the best anthropometric measurement predictors for detecting anemia in rural communities. This was an observational study using a cross-sectional design. The inclusion criteria of the subjects of the study were residents of Cangkringan, who were between 40 and 60 years old. The subjects were chosen using random sampling cluster technique. The sample size was 100 respondents and was taken based on cluster. Descriptive analysis was used to determine the prevalence of anemia. Analysis the difference in proportion was conducted using Mann-Whitney. Correlation analysis was performed to determine the relationship between Hb levels and anthropometric measurements by using Spearman. The results showed that only 5% of the subjects are in the status of anemia based on their Hb levels. There is a significant difference between Hb levels in the normal and obese groups based on the waist hip circumference ratios (WHR) (p = 0.002). The waist circumference has a weak correlation (r = 0.238, p = 0.017) and WR has a moderate correlation (r = 0.483, p = 0.000) with Hb levels. The results of this study are not appropriate in which central obese patients should be more at risk of anemia. This study concludes that there is a significant positive moderate correlation between anthropometry, which is the waist circumference parameters and WHR, to the Hb levels in rural communities

Ketaatan Terapi Antihipertensi dengan Terkontrolnya Tekanan Darah pada Pasien Hipertensi Komorbid DM Tipe2 di Puskesmas Kabupaten Sleman

Hipertensi dan diabetes melitus (DM) tipe2 seringkali terjadi secara bersamaan dan merupakan penyakit degeneratif, namun perburukan prognosis dapat dikendalikan dengan perubahan gaya hidup dan pengobatan. Ketaatan pasien terhadap terapi antihipertensi mempunyai peranan penting dalam manajemen terapi tekanan darah. Tingkat ketaatan terapi dihitung menggunakan metode MPR (Medication Possession Ratio) berdasarkan catatan pengobatan pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh ketaatan terapi antihipertensi dengan terkontrolnya tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi dengan komorbid DM tipe2 di Puskesmas Kabupaten Sleman. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dan pengambilan data menggunakan teknik non-probability dengan jenis purposive sampling. Sebanyak 116 pasien rawat jalan telah memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan responden didominasi oleh pasien perempuan, usia 60-70 tahun, tekanan darah terkontrol, overweight, tidak polifarmasi, dan menggunakkan BPJS PBI. Ketaatan berhubungan signifikan terhadap terkontrolnya tekanan darah (p-value 0,05). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa ketaatan terapi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap terkontrolnya tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi dengan komorbid DM tipe2 di Puskesmas Kabupaten Sleman. Kata kunci : Ketaatan, MPR, Antihipertensi, Komorbi