Recomanacions per a l'entrenament i la prevenció de lesions en gimnastes de rítmica d'elit

Objectiu: Identificar els factors de risc en gimnastes de rítmica d'alt nivell i aconsellar recomanacions per prevenir el risc de lesions. Mètodes: Enquesta retrospectiva d'un any d'historial esportiu a 20 gimnastes que competien en l'àmbit nacional (mitjana d'edat, 17,1 anys; rang, 14,8-18,8 anys). Les hores d'entrenament per setmana, els minuts d'estiraments per dia i hores d'entrenament aeròbic per setmana es van analitzar com un risc potencial de factors de risc per a lesions esportives. La majoria de lesions registrades exigien deixar els entrenaments (time off); les lesions més severes (mínim de 7 dies sense activitat esportiva) eren lesions de parts blanes: tendó i/o múscul i fractures. Resultats: De les 20 gimnastes, 13 (65%) van tenir lesions que les van obligar a deixar els entrenaments i altres activitats esportives, 4 (20%) van ser lesions més severes. Van ser 17 (85%) les que van contestar que van presentar lesions musculotendinoses i 5 (25%) van patir fractures. Van ser 16 subjectes (80%) de la mostra els que van presentar lumbàlgia o fractures d'estrès lumbar, 8 amb necessitat de repòs. Una gimnasta va tenir una commoció cerebral. La regressió logística indica que l'entrenament i els estiraments, en gimnàstica rítmica estan associats a lesions de la unió musculotendinosa. En l'anàlisi multivariant es va trobar que els estiraments eren l'únic predictor independent de les lesions de la unió musculotendinosa; amb cada minut addicional es fa disminuir el risc aproximadament un 10% (p ≤ 0,01). Els exercicis d'estirament i de condicionament són els dos factors independents de predicció de fractures. El risc de fractura va ser valorat com a > 60% per cada hora setmanal addicional d'entrenament (odds ratio [OR] = 1,62; p = 0,03) i minva gairebé al 20% per cada minut addicional d'estiraments diaris (OR = 0,81; p = 0,04). Cap de les variables estudiades va ser predictiva de dolor o lesió lumbar. Conclusions: Les lesions en gimnàstica rítmica es podrien reduir incrementant el temps que es dedica als estiraments per dia (almenys 40 minuts), i limitant l'entrenament a un màxim de 6 hores per setmana

Injuries and training recommendations in elite rhythmic gymnastics

Objective: To identify risk factors for injury in rhythmic sportive gymnastics and to provide recommendations for reducing the risk of injury. Methods: A one-year retrospective survey of injuries in twenty national-level rhythmic gymnasts (ages 14.8 to 18.8 years; mean age 17.1 years). Hours of rhythmic gymnastics (RG) training per week, minutes of stretching per day, and hours of conditioning per week, were analyzed as potential risk factors for injury. Main outcome measures were injuries that required time off, major injuries (at least 7 days off), injuries to muscle-tendon units, and fractures. Results: Thirteen (65%) of 20 gymnasts sustained time-loss injuries, and 4 gymnasts (20%) reported major injuries. Seventeen (85%) gymnasts reported muscle-tendon unit injuries and 5 (25%) suffered fractures. Sixteen (80%) of the gymnasts reported back pain or stress fractures of the back, 8 of whom required time off training. One gymnast (5%) incurred a concussion. Logistic regression indicated that rhythmic gymnastics training and stretching were associated with muscle-tendon unit injury. On multivariate analysis, stretching was found to be the only independent predictor of muscle-tendon unit injuries with each additional minute lowering the risk by approximately 10% (p ≥ 0.01). Conditioning and stretching were both independent predictors of fractures. The risk of fracture was estimated to increase by over 60% for each additional hour of weekly conditioning (odds ratio = 1.62; p = 0.03) and decrease by almost 20% for each additional minute of daily stretching (odds ratio = 0.81; p = 0.04). None of the variables studied were predictive of back pain or injury. Conclusions: Injuries in rhythmic gymnastics may be reduced by increasing the amount of time spent stretching per day (at least 40 minutes), and limiting conditioning to a maximum of 6 hours per week

Effectiveness of a supervised physical activity programme on physical activity adherence in patients with cardiovascular risk factors

Introduction Physical activity referral schemes (PARS) in primary care centres increase the level of physical activity (PA) in the general population. However, few studies assess PA adherence after interventions. This study aimed at: (i) to assess PA adherence after a six-month PARS, and at 12-months (after six months of a follow-up period without intervention), (ii) and to assess the impact of PARS on health-related quality of life (HRQL) in patients with cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF). Materials and methods A six-month PARS decrease the number of inactive patients and improves PA level and HRQL. Improvements in physical functioning, social functioning, and emotional component were retained up to one year. PARS appear to be an adequate treatment to improve the health of patients with CVRF. El 75% de los pacientes (n = 242; 62,6 ± 8,5 años; 75% mujeres) completaron el PPAFS (asistencia media del 84,1%). Los PPAFS aumentan el nivel de AF y mejoran la CVRS (p < 0,01). A los 12 meses, el número de pacientes físicamente inactivos sigue siendo inferior a los datos basales, el nivel de AF disminuye pero se mantienen los efectos positivos en la CVRS, especialmente en la funcionalidad social (26,4), la funcionalidad física (18,2) y el componente emocional (18,3) (p < 0,01). Longitudinal design. A total of 323 patients with ≥2 CVRF, in contemplative stage of change, from 27 primary care centres in Catalonia, were referred during 2010–2011 to a six-month PARS (three sessions/week of 60 min of moderate-intensity PA (MPA)). PA level and HRQL were analysed at baseline, at six-months, and at 12-months follow-up measurement, with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (short version), and the SF-12, respectively. Results Out of the total number of patients (323), 75% (n = 242; 62.6 ± 8.5 years; 75% women) completed the PARS, with a mean attendance of 84.1%. A six-month PARS increased PA level, especially MPA and improved HRQL (p < 0.01). At 12-months, the number of physically inactive patients remained lower than baseline; MPA level decreased, and the positive effects on HRQL were retained, especially in social functioning (26.4), physical functioning (18.2), and emotional component (18.3) (p < 0.01). Out of the total number of patients (323), 75% (n = 242; 62.6 ± 8.5 years; 75% women) completed the PARS, with a mean attendance of 84.1%. A six-month PARS increased PA level, especially MPA and improved HRQL (p < 0.01). At 12-months, the number of physically inactive patients remained lower than baseline; MPA level decreased, and the positive effects on HRQL were retained, especially in social functioning (26.4), physical functioning (18.2), and emotional component (18.3) (p < 0.01). Conclusions A six-month PARS decrease the number of inactive patients and improves PA level and HRQL. Improvements in physical functioning, social functioning, and emotional component were retained up to one year. PARS appear to be an adequate treatment to improve the health of patients with CVRF

Effect of the comprehensive smoke-free law on time trends in smoking behaviour in primary healthcare patients in Spain : A longitudinal observational study

Altres ajuts: Funding This project has been funded by the Carlos III Health Institute through the Network for Prevention and Health Promotion in Primary Care (redIAPP, RD12/0005/0001; RD16/0007/0001), and by European Union ERDF funds.Objective This study aimed to analyse the impact of comprehensive smoke-free legislation (SFL) on the prevalence and incidence of adult smoking in primary healthcare (PHC) patients from three Spanish regions, overall and stratified by sex. Design Longitudinal observational study conducted between 2008 and 2013. Setting 66 PHC teams in Catalonia, Navarre and the Balearic Islands (Spain). Participants Population over 15 years of age assigned to PHC teams. Primary and secondary outcomes measures Quarterly age-standardised prevalence of non-smoker, smoker and ex-smoker and incidence of new smoker, new ex-smoker and ex-smoker relapse rates were estimated with data retrieved from PHC electronic health records. Joinpoint analysis was used to analyse the trends of age-standardised prevalence and incidence rates. Trends were expressed as annual percentage change and average annual percent change. Results The overall standardised smoker prevalence rate showed a significant downward trend (higher in men than women) and the overall standardised ex-smoker prevalence rate showed a significant increased trend (higher in women than men) in the three regions. Standardised smoker and ex-smoker prevalence rates were higher for men than women in all regions. With regard to overall trends of incidence rates, new smokers decreased significantly in Catalonia and Navarre and similarly in men and women, new ex-smokers decreased significantly and more in men in Catalonia and the Balearic Islands, and ex-smoker relapse increased in Catalonia (particularly in women) and decreased in Navarre. Conclusions Trends in smoking behaviour in PHC patients remain unchanged after the implementation of comprehensive SFL. The impact of the comprehensive SFL might have been lessened by the effect of the preceding partial SFL

Recomendaciones para el entrenamiento y prevención de lesiones en gimnastas de rítmica de elite

Objetivo: Identificar los factores de riesgo en gimnastas de rítmica de alto nivel y aconsejar recomendaciones para prevenir el riesgo de lesiones. Métodos: Encuesta retrospectiva de un año de historial deportivo en 20 gimnastas que competían en el ámbito nacional (media de edad, 17,1 años; rango, 14,8-18,8 años). Las horas de entreno por semana, los minutos de estiramientos por día y horas de entrenamiento aeróbico por semana se analizaron como un riesgo potencial de factores de riesgo para lesiones deportivas. La mayoría de lesiones registradas requería dejar los entrenamientos (time off); las lesiones más severas (mínimo de 7 días sin actividad deportiva) eran lesiones de partes blandas: tendón y/o músculo y fracturas. Resultados: De las 20 gimnastas, 13 (65%) tuvieron lesiones que obligaron a dejar los entrenamientos y otras actividades deportivas, 4 (20%) fueron lesiones más severas. Diecisiete (85%) contestaron que presentaron lesiones musculotendinosas y 5 (25%) sufrieron fracturas. Dieciséis sujetos (80%) de la muestra presentaron lumbalgia o fracturas de estrés lumbar, 8 de los cuales requirieron reposo. Una gimnasta tuvo una conmoción cerebral. La regresión logística indica que el entreno y los estiramientos en gimnasia rítmica están asociados a lesiones de la unión musculotendinosa. En el análisis multivariante se halla que los estiramientos eran el único predictor independiente de las lesiones de la unión musculotendinosa; con cada minuto adicional se disminuye el riesgo aproximadamente un 10% (p = 0,01). Los ejercicios de estiramiento y de acondicionamiento son los 2 factores independientes de predicción de fracturas. El riesgo de fractura fue estimado > 60% por cada hora semanal adicional de entrenamiento (odds ratio [OR] = 1,62; p = 0,03) y decrece casi al 20% por cada minuto adicional de estiramientos diarios (OR = 0,81; p = 0,04). Ninguna de las variables estudiadas fue predictiva de dolor o lesión lumbar. Conclusiones: Las lesiones en la gimnasia rítmica se podrían reducir incrementando el tiempo que se dedica a los estiramientos por día (al menos 40 min), y limitando el entrenamiento a un máximo de 6 h por semana

Implementación del día mundial de la actividad física en Cataluña

Background: Even though physical activity (PA) has multiple benefits, 30% of the population is inacti- ve. Catalonia impulse the World Physical Activity Day (WPAD), as a part of a broader strategy of PA promotion. The objetive of this work was to present the implementa- tion and evolution of WPAD from 2010 to 2016. Methods: Repeated cross-sectional study. WPAD celebration was promoted through the web www.pafes. cat, a registry form, and a communication plan. Studied variables were: n. of entities, events (type) and partici- pants, % of coordinated events, number of web visits and cost. A descriptive univariate analysis and calculation of frequencies was done. Results: Spreading was done to >9000 electronic addresses per year. Between 2010 and 2016 organizing entities, events and participants (2,8% of population in 2016) multiplied by 5. Organized events (walks, super- vised PA, sport and diffusion) were done in coordination and mobilized 25 to 500 people, from a variety of set- tings. Estimated mean cost was 1 cent of euro by par- ticipant. Conclusions: WPAD managed to reach an important amount of population at a minimum cost.Fundamentos: Aunque la práctica de actividad física (AF) tiene múltiples beneficios, el 30% de personas son inactivas. Cataluña impulsó el Día Mundial de la acti- vidad física (DMAF) como parte de una estrategia más amplia de promoción de la AF. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo presentar la implementación y evolución 2010- 2016. Métodos: Estudio transversal de tendencias. Se im- pulsó la celebración del DMAF mediante la web www. pafes.cat, un formulario de registro y un plan de comu- nicación. Las variables estudiadas fueron número de entidades, tipos de eventos y participantes, el porcentaje de eventos coordinados, el número de visitas web y el coste. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo univariado y de frecuencias. Resultados: Se realizó la difusión a >9000 direccio- nes electrónicas/año. Entre 2010 y 2016 se multiplicaron por cinco las entidades organizadoras, eventos y parti- cipantes (en 2016 2,8% de la población), durante mar- zo y abril aumentaron las visitas a la web. Los eventos (caminatas, AF dirigida, deporte y difusión) presentaron coordinación y movilizaron de 25 a 500 personas desde diversos ámbitos. El coste estimado medio fue de 1 cén- timo por participante. Conclusiones: El DMAF consiguió llegar a un gran volumen de población con un coste mínimo

Effect of the comprehensive smoke-free law on time trends in smoking behaviour in primary healthcare patients in Spain : A longitudinal observational study

Altres ajuts: Funding This project has been funded by the Carlos III Health Institute through the Network for Prevention and Health Promotion in Primary Care (redIAPP, RD12/0005/0001; RD16/0007/0001), and by European Union ERDF funds.Objective This study aimed to analyse the impact of comprehensive smoke-free legislation (SFL) on the prevalence and incidence of adult smoking in primary healthcare (PHC) patients from three Spanish regions, overall and stratified by sex. Design Longitudinal observational study conducted between 2008 and 2013. Setting 66 PHC teams in Catalonia, Navarre and the Balearic Islands (Spain). Participants Population over 15 years of age assigned to PHC teams. Primary and secondary outcomes measures Quarterly age-standardised prevalence of non-smoker, smoker and ex-smoker and incidence of new smoker, new ex-smoker and ex-smoker relapse rates were estimated with data retrieved from PHC electronic health records. Joinpoint analysis was used to analyse the trends of age-standardised prevalence and incidence rates. Trends were expressed as annual percentage change and average annual percent change. Results The overall standardised smoker prevalence rate showed a significant downward trend (higher in men than women) and the overall standardised ex-smoker prevalence rate showed a significant increased trend (higher in women than men) in the three regions. Standardised smoker and ex-smoker prevalence rates were higher for men than women in all regions. With regard to overall trends of incidence rates, new smokers decreased significantly in Catalonia and Navarre and similarly in men and women, new ex-smokers decreased significantly and more in men in Catalonia and the Balearic Islands, and ex-smoker relapse increased in Catalonia (particularly in women) and decreased in Navarre. Conclusions Trends in smoking behaviour in PHC patients remain unchanged after the implementation of comprehensive SFL. The impact of the comprehensive SFL might have been lessened by the effect of the preceding partial SFL