Trait Anxiety Effects on Late Phase Threatening Speech Processing: Evidence from Electroencephalography

The effects of threatening stimuli, including threatening language, on trait anxiety have been widely studied. However, whether anxiety levels have a direct effect on language processing has not been so consistently explored. The present study focuses on event-related potential (ERP) patterns resulting from electroencephalographic (EEG) measurement of participants' (n = 36) brain activity while they perform a dichotic listening task. Participants' anxiety level was measured via a behavioural inhibition system scale (BIS). Later, participants listened to dichotically paired sentences, one neutral and the other threatening, and indicated at which ear they heard the threatening stimulus. Threatening sentences expressed threat semantically-only, prosodically-only, or both combined (congruent threat). ERPs showed a late positivity, interpreted as a late positive complex (LPC). Results from Bayesian hierarchical models provided strong support for an association between LPC and BIS score. This was interpreted as an effect of trait anxiety on deliberation processes. We discuss two possible interpretations. On the one hand, verbal repetitive thinking, as associated with anxious rumination and worry, can be the mechanism disrupting late phase deliberation processes. Instantiated by inner speech, verbal repetitive thinking might be the vehicle of anxiety-related reappraisal and/or rehearsal. On the other hand, increased BIS could be simply affecting an extended evaluation stage as proposed by multistep models, maybe due to over-engagement with threat or to task-related effects

Lunar surface engineering properties experiment definition. Volume 1: Mechanics, properties, and stabilization of lunar soils

Lunar soil simulation and stabilization, and impact penetrometer studie

Virus protein of mosaic disease of tobacco

Publication authorized February 9, 1939.Digitized 2007 AES.Includes bibliographical references (page 12)

Placenta-Like Structure of the Aphid Endoparasitic Wasp Aphidius ervi: A Strategy of Optimal Resources Acquisition

Aphidius ervi (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is an entomophagous parasitoid known to be an effective parasitoid of several aphid species of economic importance. A reduction of its production cost during mass rearing for inundative release is needed to improve its use in biological control of pests. In these contexts, a careful analysis of its entire development phases within its host is needed. This paper shows that this parasitoid has some characteristics in its embryological development rather complex and different from most other reported insects, which can be phylogenetically very close. First, its yolkless egg allows a high fecundity of the female but force them to hatch from the egg shell rapidly to the host hemocoel. An early cellularisation allowing a rapid differentiation of a serosa membrane seems to confirm this hypothesis. The serosa wraps the developing embryo until the first instar larva stage and invades the host tissues by microvilli projections and form a placenta like structure able to divert host resources and allowing nutrition and respiration of embryo. Such interspecific invasion, at the cellular level, recalls mammal's trophoblasts that anchors maternal uterine wall and underlines the high adaptation of A. ervi to develop in the host body

Präparation funktionalisierter, mikrostrukturierter Hydrogele zum Nachweis von pH-Änderungen und enzymatischen Reaktionen mittels beugungsoptischer Methoden

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt die Präparation funktionalisierter, mikrostrukturierter Hydrogele zum Nachweis von pH-Änderungen und enzymatischen Reaktionen mittels beugungsoptischer Methoden. Hydrogele sind dreidimensionale elastische Polymernetzwerke, die überwiegend aus einer Flüssigkeit bestehen, die vom Polymernetzwerk umschlossen wird. Hydrogele sind umgebungssensitiv, d.h. sie reagieren mit einer Änderung ihres Quellungszustan-des, wenn sich die Umgebungsbedingungen verändern. Je nach ihrer Zusammensetzung reagieren Hydrogele auf die Änderung der Lösungsmittelzusammensetzung, der Tem-peratur, der Ionenstärke oder des pH-Werts. Das in dieser Arbeit eingesetzte pH-sensitive Hydrogele wurde durch den Einbau der Enzyme Glucoseoxidase und Katalase um eine Selektivität gegenüber Glucose erweitert. Die Funktionsweise des beugungsoptischen Sensors beruht auf der Wechselwirkung eines einfallenden Laserstrahls mit der im Mikrometermaßstab regelmäßig strukturi-erten Hydrogelmatrix. Durch die Beugung des Laserlichts an dem mikrostrukturierten Hydrogel entstehen mehrere Beugungsreflexe. Im Gegensatz zur Lage variieren die Intensitäten der einzelnen Beugungsordnungen, wenn die Hydrogelmatrix ihre Form ändert. Das Quellverhalten des pH-sensitiven Hydrogels wurde vor der Verwendung im Sensor an makroskopischen Gelproben in Abhängigkeit von der Ionenstärke und des pH-Werts untersucht. Mit dem beugungsoptischen Sensor und pH-sensitiven Hydrogel wurden Messungen mit unterschiedlich konzentrierten Natriumchlorid-Lösungen und Lösungen mit ver-schiedenen pH-Werten bei konstanter Ionenstärke durchgeführt. Mit dem enzymhalti-gen Hydrogel wurden Messungen mit unterschiedlich konzentrierten Glucoselösungen durchgeführt

Lifetime determination of excited states in Cd-106

Two separate experiments using the Differential Decay Curve Method have been performed to extract mean lifetimes of excited states in 106 Cd. The inedium-spin states of interest were populated by the Mo-98(C-12, 4n) Cd-106 reaction performed at the Wright Nuclear Structure Lab., Yale University. From this experiment, two isomeric state mean lifetimes have been deduced. The low-lying states were populated by the Mo-96(C-13, 3n)Cd-106 reaction performed at the Institut fur Kernphysik, Universitat zu Koln. The mean lifetime of the I-pi = 2(1)(+) state was deduced, tentatively, as 16.4(9) ps. This value differs from the previously accepted literature value from Coulomb excitation of 10.43(9) ps

A role for core planar polarity proteins in cell contact-mediated orientation of planar cell division across the mammalian embryonic skin

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2017. Supplementary information accompanies this paper at doi:10.1038/s41598-017-01971-2.The question of how cell division orientation is determined is fundamentally important for understanding tissue and organ shape in both healthy or disease conditions. Here we provide evidence for cell contact-dependent orientation of planar cell division in the mammalian embryonic skin. We propose a model where the core planar polarity proteins Celsr1 and Frizzled-6 (Fz6) communicate the long axis orientation of interphase basal cells to neighbouring basal mitoses so that they align their horizontal division plane along the same axis. The underlying mechanism requires a direct, cell surface, planar polarised cue, which we posit depends upon variant post-translational forms of Celsr1 protein coupled to Fz6. Our hypothesis has parallels with contact-mediated division orientation in early C. elegans embryos suggesting functional conservation between the adhesion-GPCRs Celsr1 and Latrophilin-1. We propose that linking planar cell division plane with interphase neighbour long axis geometry reinforces axial bias in skin spreading around the mouse embryo body.Peer reviewe