Rice seed image classification based on HOG descriptor with missing values imputation

Rice is a primary source of food consumed by almost half of world population. Rice quality mainly depends on the purity of the rice seed. In order to ensure the purity of rice variety, the recognition process is an essential stage. In this paper, we firstly propose to use histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) descriptor to characterize rice seed images. Since the size of image is totally random and the features extracted by HOG can not be used directly by classifier due to the different dimensions. We apply several imputation methods to fill the missing data for HOG descriptor. The experiment is applied on the VNRICE benchmark dataset to evaluate the proposed approach

Granular crystals in palm oil based shortening/margarine : a review

Palm oil based shortenings and margarines are important products within the lipid industry. However, a widespread quality deterioration issue is often reported regarding their long-term storage: the appearance of granular crystals or grains that are regarded as unwanted because of the deflecting visual appearance and the negative mouthfeel during consumption. In this review, the role of fat blends composition, crystallization process and storage conditions in the formation and growth of these unwanted granular crystals will be discussed and summarized. In addition, some potential approaches in preventing the formation of granular crystals in palm oil based shortening and margarine are also introduced

Efficient Finetuning Large Language Models For Vietnamese Chatbot

Large language models (LLMs), such as GPT-4, PaLM, and LLaMa, have been shown to achieve remarkable performance across a variety of natural language tasks. Recent advancements in instruction tuning bring LLMs with ability in following user's instructions and producing human-like responses. However, the high costs associated with training and implementing LLMs pose challenges to academic research. Furthermore, the availability of pretrained LLMs and instruction-tune datasets for Vietnamese language is limited. To tackle these concerns, we leverage large-scale instruction-following datasets from open-source projects, namely Alpaca, GPT4All, and Chat-Doctor, which cover general domain and specific medical domain. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first instructional dataset for Vietnamese. Subsequently, we utilize parameter-efficient tuning through Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) on two open LLMs: Bloomz (Multilingual) and GPTJ-6B (Vietnamese), resulting four models: Bloomz-Chat, Bloomz-Doctor, GPTJ-Chat, GPTJ-Doctor.Finally, we assess the effectiveness of our methodology on a per-sample basis, taking into consideration the helpfulness, relevance, accuracy, level of detail in their responses. This evaluation process entails the utilization of GPT-4 as an automated scoring mechanism. Despite utilizing a low-cost setup, our method demonstrates about 20-30\% improvement over the original models in our evaluation tasks.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2304.08177, arXiv:2303.16199 by other author

Identify aerodynamic derivatives of the airplane attitude channel using a spiking neural network

The paper proposes a method for identifying aerodynamic coefficient derivatives of aircraft attitude channel using spiking neural network (SNN) and Gauss-Newton algorithm based on data obtained from actual flights. Using SNN combination with Gauss-Newton iterative calculation algorithm allows the identification of aerodynamic coefficient derivatives in a nonlinear model for aerodynamic parameters with higher accuracy and faster calculation time. The paper proposes an algorithm to train the SNN multi-layer network by Normalized Spiking Error Back Propagation (NSEBP), in which, in the forward propagation period, the time of output spikes is calculating by solving quadratic equations instead of detection by traditional methods. The phase of propagation of errors backward uses the step-by-step calculation instead of the conventional gradient calculation method. The identification results are compared with the results when using the RBN network to prove the algorithm efficienc

NGHIÊN CỨU CÁC LOẠI THUỐC SINH HỌC VÀ HÓA HỌC TRỪ BỌ PHẤN TRẮNG (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius, 1889) TRÊN CÂY SẮN TẠI THỪA THIÊN HUẾ

Cassava mosaic disease (Sri Lankan Cassava Mosaic Virus) is one of the most dangerous diseases in the world. The whitefly (Besimia tabasi) has been identified as an important vector in the spread and cause of the cassava mosaic disease. To reduce the transmission of cassava mosaic disease in the field, it is necessary to effectively manage the whitely vector, but there is no research on pesticides conducted in Thua Thien Hue. The study on the use of bioproducts and chemical insecticides to control whiteflies in the greenhouse and in the field showed that the Ascend 20SP (Acetamiprid 97%) expressed the highest effectiveness in controlling whiteflies (81.3%). Bioproduct HD2021 was a fair (70.8%) and long-lasting effectiveness (14 days) on controlling whiteflies. For economic efficiency, Novou 3.6 EC (Abamectin 36g/l) controlled whiteflies with the highest profit (8.84 million/ha). The biological product HD2021 has higher profits than the commercial product Hapmisu 20 EC. This study can be widely applied in the field in the coming years.Bệnh khảm lá sắn (Sri Lankan Cassava Mosaic Virus), một trong những bệnh hại nguy hiểm. Bọ phấn trắng (Besimia tabasi) đã được xác định có vai trò quan trọng trong lây lan và hình thành dịch bệnh khảm lá sắn. Để hạn chế sự lây lan bệnh khảm sắn từ cây bệnh sang cây khỏe trên đồng ruộng, cần quản lý tốt bọ phấn trắng môi giới truyền bệnh hiệu quả tuy nhiên chưa có nghiên cứu nào được thực hiện ở Thừa Thiên Huế về sử dụng thuốc sâu sinh học, hóa học để trừ bọ phấn trắng hại trên cây sắn. Tiến hành nghiên cứu các thuốc hóa học và thảo mộc để trừ bọ phấn trắng trong điều kiện nhà lưới và trên đồng ruộng cho thấy thuốc trừ sâu hóa học Ascend 20SP (Acetamiprid 97%) có hiệu lực trừ bọ phấn trắng cao nhất (81,3%) chế phẩm sinh học HD2021 có hiệu lực khá (70,8%) và kéo dài 14 ngày đối với bọ phấn trắng. Về hiệu quả kinh tế, sử dụng thuốc Novou 3.6 EC (Abamectin 36 g/l) để quản lý bọ phấn trắng cho lợi nhuận cao nhất (8,84 triệu/ha), chế phẩm HD2021 cho lợi nhuận cao hơn sản phẩm đã thương mại Hapmisu 20 EC. Nghiên cứu này có thể áp dụng rộng rãi trên đồng ruộng trong những năm tới

Zooplankton biodiversity in the biosphere reserve of Cu Lao Cham - Hoi An, 2015–2016

Zooplankton samples in the biosphere reserve of Cu Lao Cham - Hoi An were collected at 20 stations belonging to 3 ecosystems: Mangrove palm - seagrass, transition area and coral reef in rainy season (11/2015) and dry season (6/2016) to determine biodiversity of the biosphere reserve of Cu Lao Cham - Hoi An.  161 species belonging to 16 zooplankton groups were recognized, copepoda was a dominant group with 92 species, followed by cladocera (15 species) and tunicata (13 species). Mangrove palm - sea grass had a different zooplankton structure compared with transition area and coral reef with a lower number of species and similarity index about 40%. The average density of zooplankton in study areas in dry season (24,559 ± 24,700 inds.m-3) were 4 times higher than in rainy season (6,124 ± 6.554 inds.m-3) and dominated by copepoda. The euryhaline cladocera (Bosmina longirostris), freshwater cladocera (Ceriodaphnia rigaudi) and freshwater copepoda (Microcyclops varicans) were dominant in mangrove palm - seagrass ecosystem. Meanwhile, in coral reef ecosystem, the small copepods (genus Oncaea, Oithona) and Tunicata were dominant. Biodiversity indices were low in mangrove - palm and increase from transition area to coral reef ecosystem

ĐIỀU TRA TÌNH HÌNH CỎ LỒNG VỰC PHÁT SINH TRỞ LẠI TRÊN RUỘNG LÚA GIEO SẠ SAU KHI SỬ DỤNG THUỐC TRỪ CỎ Ở THỪA THIÊN HUẾ

Studying herbicide resistance in Vietnam is limited, and there are very few reports on the regrowth of weed after applying herbicides. A survey to investigate the cultivating habit and the barnyard grass regrowing in the direct-seeded rice fields after applying herbicides in Thua Thien Hue shows that the main labourers of rice cultivation are male with a low educational level to understand scientific and technical knowledge. The most common grass regrowing in direct-seeded rice fields after applying herbicides includes Barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli), Grass-like fimbry (Fimbristylis miliacea), Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon), and Sprangletop (Leptochloa chinensis). The yield decreases from 12.1 to 14.0% because of regrowing of barnyard grass. The herbicides commonly used in Thua Thien Hue are Sofic 300EC (Pretilachlor) and Sunrice 15WDG (Ethoxysulfuron), but their effectiveness has decreased in recent time owing to farmers’ inappropriate spraying skills and the decrease in the effectiveness of herbicides. A more thorough assessment of the factors that cause grass regrowing after spraying herbicides is required for better weed management.Nghiên cứu sự kháng thuốc trừ cỏ ở Việt Nam còn hạn chế và có rất ít báo cáo về sự phát sinh của cỏ dại sau khi sử dụng thuốc trừ cỏ. Kết quả điều tra về tập quán canh tác và tình hình cỏ lồng vực phát sinh trở lại trên ruộng lúa sau khi sử dụng thuốc trừ cỏ ở Thừa Thiên Huế cho thấy lực lượng lao động chính canh tác lúa là nam giới, trình độ dân trí không cao nên khả năng tiếp thu kiến thức khoa học – kỹ thuật hạn chế. Các loại cỏ gây hại phổ biến trên ruộng lúa gieo sạ là cỏ lồng vực (Echinochloa crus-galli), cỏ chác (Fimbristylis miliacea), cỏ chỉ (Cynodon dactylon), cỏ đuôi phụng (Leptochloa chinensis) là các loại cỏ xuất hiện trở lại sau khi đã sử dụng thuốc trừ cỏ. Cỏ lồng vực mọc trở lại có thể gây giảm năng suất cây lúa 12,1–14,0%. Các loại thuốc trừ cỏ được sử dụng phổ biến là Sofic 300EC (Pretilachlor) và Sunrice 15WDG (Ethoxysulfuron). Hiệu quả thuốc trừ cỏ lúa có xu hướng giảm trong thời gian gần đây do kỹ thuật sử dụng và sự giảm hiệu quả của các sản phẩm thuốc trừ cỏ. Chúng tôi kiến nghị cần đánh giá đầy đủ hơn về các yếu tố gây nên tình trạng cỏ dại mọc trở lại sau khi phun thuốc để có định hướng quản lý cỏ dại tốt hơn