Oportunidades, limitaciones y desafíos en la producción y comercialización de frutos del bosque chaqueño

Los bosques nativos representan una fuente importante de bienes y servicios que son empleados, tanto para consumo humano como animal por sus habitantes. En Santiago del Estero, Argentina, estos bosques ofrecen, entre otros productos, frutos de especies arbóreas, con importancia económica para quienes los aprovechan. El objetivo del estudio fue indagar acerca de las ventajas y limitaciones con las que cuentan los productores en el desempeño productivo y comercial de productos derivados de frutos del bosque nativo. Se analizaron tres asociaciones compuestas por un promedio de 30 integrantes cada una y relacionadas a la cosecha, secado, molienda y tamizado de frutos de Prosopis alba, Prosopis nigra, Ziziphus mistol y Geoffroea decorticans. Los resultados apuntan a limitaciones relacionadas a aspectos, principalmente, ambientales, geográficos, económicos, institucionales, tecnológicos y también sociales. Este trabajo aporta beneficio para las organizaciones y resalta los saberes y tradiciones en el tema. Se percibe la necesidad de alianzas estratégicas entre asociaciones y otros organismos para la búsqueda de nichos de mercado

Fornix volumetric increase during aging associates to microglia activation leading to defective cognitive performance

Background: Ageing displays a low-grade pro-inflammatory profile in blood and brain. It has been documented proinflammatory cytokines accumulation leading to neuroinflammation during aging. Aged brains integrate pro inflammatory cytokines accumulation, active microglia and volumetric changes which correlates with defective cognitive performance and neurodegeneration. Methods: Mice from 2-,12- and 20-months-old of age were submitted to different memory tests: Y-maze, Barnes maze, object location test and object location test. Afterwards, we performed structural MRI to evaluate macrostructural changes related to memory and learning regions. Following this, we also evaluated in peripheral blood and in brain tissue the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines using the BioPlex platform. We also evaluated the presence of microglia and its morphology. Results: We found a progressive memory loss in an age-dependent manner among in the 12- and 20-months-old mice when compared with the 2-month-old mice. Regarding the MRI, it demonstrated that the fornix volume increased the most and, the left medial entorhinal cortex showed the most volume loss. Microglia number was augmented in fornix and decreased in medial entorhinal cortex which correlated with volume gain or loss, respectively. Microglia morphology was dystrophic and activated in fornix and in a “surveillance” phenotype in the medial entorhinal cortex. We found these phenotypes to be correlated to those volume changes we found in fornix and left medial entorhinal cortex. Conclusions: Here, we selectively identified an age-dependent proinflammatory profile and microglia activation favoring major volumetric brain changes in selective regions associated to cognitive decline in aged mice

El trabajo metodológico de las academias como fundamento del espacio común de ingeniería.

El espacio común de ingeniería es una tendencia enfocada a fomentar la cooperación y el intercambio académico, con el objetivo de elevar la calidad de la educación superior, partiendo de la armonización de planes de estudio. Esta armonización tiene como elementos necesarios la elaboración de los perfiles de egreso en base a competencias y el aseguramiento de que las mallas curriculares garanticen la formación de los estudiantes. Para lograrlo las academias de profesores deben llevar a cabo un trabajo metodológico que les permita unificar criterios para dirigir el proceso de desarrollo de las competencias. Con estos propósitos en la Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León se han desarrollado, en el año 2012, una serie de talleres metodológicos con el fin de armonizar el trabajo de las academias, con la participación de los Jefes de Academias, de las unidades de aprendizaje bajo el modelo de competencias. Se muestran las experiencias en el desarrollo de los Talleres Metodológicos con los jefes de academia y se hace una evaluación de los mismos, en base a las opiniones de los asistentes. Es casi unánime la opinión vertida de que si no se realiza adecuadamente el trabajo metodológico de las academias será muy difícil el éxito de los currículos basados en competencias

A financial immunization study using principal component analysis: the case of the Spanish public debt market

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.[ES] El objetivo de las estrategias de inmunización financiera es evitar el riesgo derivado de posibles variaciones en los tipos de interés. Los modelos de inmunización financiera propuestos con este propósito, se pueden clasificar en tres grupos: modelos unifactoriales basados en medidas únicas de duración, modelos multifactoriales basados en un conjunto de medidas de duración y modelos sustentados en medidas de Dispersión. En este trabajo, circunscrito al mercado español de deuda pública, se ha simulado el comportamiento de los modelos unifactoriales (sustentados en variaciones aditivas, multiplicativas y multiplicativas según vencimiento)y comparado los resultados generados con los de los modelos multifactoriales basados en el análisis de componentes principales.[EN] The objective of the financial immunization’s strategies is to avoid the risk due to possible variations on the interest rates. The financial immunization models proposed for this aim can be classified in three groups: single-factor models based on unique duration measures, multifactorial models based on a set of duration measures and models based on spread measures. In this work, from Spanish government bond market data, we simulate the spread model based in the use of multifactorial models and compare the results with those obtained applying single-factor models, based on additive, multiplicative and multiplicative depending on term shifts of yield curve variations.Este trabajo se enmarca dentro del proyecto de investigación 1/UPV 00166.321-H-15324/2003 de la Universidad del País Vasco

The Impact of Additive Manufacturing on Supply Chain Management from a System Dynamics Model-Scenario: Traditional, Centralized, and Distributed Supply Chain

[EN] In order to describe the impact that the appropriation of additive manufacturing (AM) has on the supply chain (SC), a validated system dynamics model representing vectorially multiple products and multiple demands in different periods was used as a basis to apply to a case study of medical implant manufacturing, configuring three chain scenarios: 1. traditional supply chain with subtractive manufacturing, 2. centralized supply chain with additive manufacturing, and 3. decentralized supply chain with additive manufacturing. It was possible to notice that the production time is longer in additive manufacturing compared to traditional manufacturing and the cycle time and total demand closure were lower in traditional manufacturing. In addition, it was observed that the AM performance is significantly better in conditions of lower demand, which can be attributed to the characteristics of customization and small batches that this type of production approach implies.Nuñez Rodriguez, J.; Andrade Sosa, HH.; Villarreal-Archila, SM.; Ortiz Bas, Á. (2022). The Impact of Additive Manufacturing on Supply Chain Management from a System Dynamics Model-Scenario: Traditional, Centralized, and Distributed Supply Chain. Processes. 10(12):1-38. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10122489138101

General and oral aspects in Apert syndrome: report of a case

Background: The present paper describes the general and oral manifestations in a 32-year-old man previously diagnosed with Apert syndrome. Clinical examination revealed features of acrocephalosyndactyly. The patient was found to have a flattened occiput with frontal prominence, abnormal contour of head (brachycephaly), shallow and downward slanting orbits with bilateral proptosis, hypertelorism, retruded midface, and prognathic mandible.Dental anormalies were present in a patient. Intraoral evaluation revealed normal mouth opening with anterior severe skeletal open bite and Byzantine-arch palate, maxillary alveolar ridges with crowding of maxillary and mandibular teeth, poor hygiene with heavy dental calculus and periodontal pseudopocket, dental caries, severe anterior open bite and crossbite, macroglosia and smooth tongue. The high prevalence of dental anomalies and ectopic eruption may suggest a possible etiologic relationship with the Apert syndrome. Keywords Acrocephalosyndactylia, Craniosynostosis, Tooth abnormalities, Mouth abnormalities, Apert Syndrom

Isolated HBsAg positivity in a Mexican patient with newly diagnosed lupus nephritis

Abstract Introduction: Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is usually regarded as a marker of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The concurrence of lupus nephritis (LN) and HBsAg-positivity is a challenge for the clinician, since immunosuppressant use may be associated with an increase in viral replication and an exacerbation of liver disease. Case presentation: Here, we describe the case of a 30-year-old Mexican woman with newly diagnosed focal proliferative LN who also tested repeatedly positive for HBsAg by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA). She had no clinical features of hepatitis and her liver function tests were within normal limits. Her abdominal ultrasound was also normal. While waiting for further results, she was started on lamivudine (100 mg daily). However, total HBV core antibody test was negative. Owing to the infrequency of this serological pattern, an in vitro polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was performed and HBV was not detected. Overall, we interpreted these results as a false-positive screening. Methylprednisolone pulse therapy was subsequently given (1 g daily for three doses) without hepatic repercussion, neither clinically nor biochemically. Conclusions: Isolated HBsAg positivity may result from multiple causes, one of which is crossreactivity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a false-positive reading using CMIA technique in an active lupus patient. It is reasonable to stress that lupus patients with a positive screening for HBV should undergo a confirmatory assay (such as genomic detection), since this diagnosis may have important therapeutic implications. � 2016 Egyptian Society of Rheumatic Diseases. Publishing services provided by Elsevier. B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

DISTRIBUCIÓN Y ASPECTOS ECOLÓGICOS DEL GÉNERO QUERCUS (FAGACEAE), EN EL ESTADO DE COAHUILA, MÉXICO

The oak flora of the state of Coahuila iscomposed by 31 taxa, from which 20 species,including three varieties, are white oaks(section Quercus) and 10 species are red oaks(section Lobatae). The oak species morewidely distributed are Quercus pringlei, Q.intricata, Q. laceyi, Q. invaginata and Q.gravesii. The endemism concept is applied toindigenous species with distribution limitedto the state including areas of bordering states.The endemic species are Quercuscarmenensis, Q. coahuilensis, Q. gravesii, Q.hintoniorum, Q. invaginata and Q.saltillensis. The highest diversity is found inthe oak forest followed by the pine-oak forestand lastly by the submontane shrubland. Ingeneral terms, most of the species aredistributed in an altitudinal range of 1,500-2,700 m.The white oaks grow in mountain slopes, hillsof semiarid areas and borders of streams inforest canyons. The red oaks prefer humidareas, frequently at the bottom of canyons andslopes of temperate-subhumid forests.Most of the species were found in the northwest mountains and the southeastern portionsof the state, from which Sierra del Carmen isthe mountain with the richest oak flora (16species). The state of Coahuila has speciesfrom the Sierra Madre Oriental in the southeastern and from the U.S.A. and Sierra MadreOccidental in the northwestern portions.The sites with oaks were analyzed throughthe similarity coefficient of Jaccard. Themountains from the central part of the state are more related with the northwestern mountains. The Planicie Costera del Golfo showedthe lowest levels of similarity, with limitedrelation with the other groups of mountains.The species distribution of patterns are discussedLa flora de encinos en Coahuila estácompuesta por 31 taxa, de los cuales 20especies, incluyendo tres variedades, sonencinos blancos (sección Quercus) y 10especies son encinos rojos (sección Lobatae).Los encinos con más amplia distribución enel estado son Quercus pringlei, Q. intricata,Q. laceyi, Q. invaginata y Q. gravesii. Elconcepto de endemismo es aplicado a lasespecies que presentan una distribuciónrestringida al estado, incluyendo a veces áreasadyacentes de otros estados. Como especiesendémicas se encuentran Q. carmenensis, Q.coahuilensis, Q. gravesii, Q. hintoniorum, Q.saltillensis y Q. invaginata. La más altadiversidad de especies se presenta en elbosque de encino, en el bosque de pino-encinoy matorral submontano. En general, lasespecies se distribuyen en un intervaloaltitudinal entre 1,500 a 2,700 m.Los encinos blancos crecen desde laderas bajasde macizos montañosos o colinas en zonassemiáridas hasta en los márgenes de arroyosen cañones con bosques húmedos, mientraslos encinos rojos prefieren sitios húmedos,siendo frecuentes en el fondo de cañones o laderas medias y altas con áreas boscosas declima templado-subhúmedo.El mayor número de especies se presenta enlas sierras del noroeste y sureste, donde laSierra del Carmen es el macizo montañosocon más riqueza de encinos, contando con 16especies. En el estado confluyen especiesde la Sierra Madre Oriental por el sureste deCoahuila y especies propias de la Sierra MadreOccidental y de las montañas de Trans-Pecosen el estado de Texas por el noroeste.Las relaciones florísticas para las localidadesdonde se encuentran los encinos se analizaronmediante el índice de similitud de Jaccard,encontrándose que las sierras del centro estánmás relacionadas con las del noroeste delestado, mientras que las del sureste formanun grupo independiente. En la PlanicieCostera del Golfo se observan los niveles desimilitud más bajos, lo que indica una escasarelación con los grupos de sierras. Se discutenlos patrones de distribución para las especies