DIVERSIDAD Y DISTRIBUCIÓN DEL GÉNERO Persea Mill., EN MÉXICO

The possible distribution of the genus Persea Mill in México is unknown, although species of this genus have been reported in 28 of the 32 states of México, and because of the climate where they develop, they can be found in various areas of the country where their presence has not been reported. This study had the objective of establishing the possible distribution of the genus Persea Mill in México, from an analysis of geographic information (SIG), as well as identifying possible ecoclimate zones where the species of the genus are present. Nineteen climate parameters were evaluated and the known distribution of the species was obtained from herbarium records and accessions. The climate distribution groups were three: group I develops in the climates warm humid, semi-warm humid, temperate humid and semi-cold((A)C to (Cb)); group II in the climates semi-warm semi-humid, warm sub-humid, temperate sub-humid and semi-arid (A) C to (Bs)); and group III is located in the climates semi-warm humid, warm humid and temperate humid (Ac to C(m)). The greatest distribution of the Persea genus in México is in the zones of Sierra Madre Oriental, Sierra Madre del Sur, Eje Neo Volcánico, Gulf coastal plain, mountains of Chiapas and Guatemala and Yucatán Peninsula.La posible distribución del género Persea Mill., en México se desconoce, pero especies de este género han sido reportadas en 28 de los 32 estados de México. Debido al tipo de clima donde se desarrollan pueden encontrarse en diversas áreas del país donde su presencia no se ha reportado. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo establecer la posible distribución del género Persea en México a partir de un análisis de información geográfica (SIG), así como identificar las posibles zonas eco-climáticas donde las especies del género están presentes. Se evaluaron 19 parámetros climáticos y la distribución conocida de las especies obtenida de registros de herbario y colectas. Los grupos de distribución climática fueron tres: el grupo I se desarrolla en los climas cálido húmedo, semicálido húmedo, templado húmedo y semifrío ((A)C a (Cb)); el II en clima semicálido subhúmedo, subhúmedo, templado subhúmedo y semiárido (A)C a (Bs)); y el III, en clima semicálido húmedo, húmedo y templado húmedo (Ac a C(m)). La mayor distribución del género Persea en México es en zonas de la Sierra Madre Oriental, Sierra Madre del Sur, Eje Neo Volcánico, Llanura Costera del Golfo, Sierras de Chiapas y Guatemala y Península de Yucatán

Defining Aviation “Skills” to Ensure Effective, Safe, and Efficient Evaluations: A Qualitative Study

The present qualitative case study strives to define the term skill within aviation, drawing from the cognitive psychology, organizational psychology, and training literature as well as input from subject matter experts in the aviation industry. A review of the published literature revealed no consensus for defining what constitutes a skill. While some definitions follow a task-based approach, others emphasize more cognitively based representations. Moreover, a formal, commonly accepted definition of the term skill within the aviation domain is lacking. The researchers employed a qualitative case study methodology to extract true descriptions from the subject matter experts to bound and expand from the current literature while rooting the findings within the theoretical model of situation awareness. Findings from this study indicate the term skill encompasses multiple high-order thinking processes. While these processes can be defined differently depending on the field in which one applies the term skill, they are still rooted in three common themes: goal-oriented, efficiency, and high proficiency

Transient Cenozoic tectonic stages in the southern margin of the Caribbean plate : U-Th/He thermochronological constraints from Eocene plutonic rocks in the Santa Marta massif and Serranía de Jarara, northern Colombia

We use U-Th/(He) zircon and apatite thermochronology and Al in hornblende geobarometry from Eocene granitoids of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and Guajira uplifted massifs in northern Colombia to elucidate the exhumation history of the northern South America continental margin and its bearing to Cenozoic Caribbean- South American plate interactions. Aluminium in hornblende geobarometry from the Eocene Santa Marta batholith yields pressures between 4.9±0.6kbar and 6.4±0.6kbar, which indicate that at least, 14.7-19.2km of unroofing took place since 56-50Ma in the northwestern Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. In the Guajira Peninsula, calculated pressures for the Eocene Parashi stock are 2.3±0.6kbar and 3±0.6kbar. Stratigraphic considerations pertaining to Oligocene conglomerates from the Guajira area suggest that 6.9-9km of crust was lost between 50Ma and ca. 26Ma. U-Th/He zircon and apatite thermochronology from granitoids in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta shows the existence of major exhumation events in the Late Eocene (ca. 45-40Ma), Late Oligocene (ca. 25Ma) and Miocene (ca. 15Ma). The Guajira region records the Late Eocene to Early Oligocene (35-25Ma) event, but it lacks evidence for the Miocene exhumation phase. These differences reflect isolation of the Guajira region from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and the Andean chain due to extensive block rotation and transtensional tectonics that affected the region during post-Eocene times. The post-Eocene events correlate in time with an increased convergence rate and the frontal approach of North and South America. It is suggested that the two major tectonic mechanisms that govern exhumation in these Caribbean massifs are: 1) subduction of the Caribbean plate, and 2) post Eocene changes in plate convergence obliquity and rates that caused the South American continental margin blocks to override the Caribbean plate. Temporal correlation with other Caribbean and Northern Andean events allows to resolve the regional Cenozoic plate tectonic reorganizations experienced by the South American, Caribbean and Pacific plates at a regional scale

Dengue Fever in Pediatrics

Dengue continues to be a health problem in the world, according to data from the PAHO. In recent years, dengue cases have been reported from 505,430 cases in the year 2000 to 5.2 million in the year 2019; among the most affected groups are those under 15 years of age. Dengue is a viral disease caused by a virus of the Flaviviridae family, of the Flavivirus genus. It is a disease that requires the bite of the female Aedes aegypti mosquito; the incubation period varies from 8 to 12 days. The pathophysiology of dengue is due to the alterations suffered by the endothelium when caused by the viral particle. Three phases have been identified: 1. the febrile phase; 2. the critical phase, in which patients develop systemic symptoms with a greater inflammatory response, with a risk of bleeding; and 3. the recovery phase. The main symptoms are fever, headache, retro-ocular pain, arthralgia, myalgia, and within the laboratory alterations are elevated hematocrit (hemoconcentration), leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, among the complications, are pleural and pericardial effusion and ascites, as well like crash and death

How the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Stalled COVID-19 for 22 Months and Managed its First Significant Community Transmission

OBJECTIVE: The Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) is a remote Pacific island territory with a population of 47 329 that successfully prevented the significant introduction of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) until late 2021. This study documents how the response to the introduction of COVID-19 in CNMI in 2021 was conducted with limited resources without overwhelming local clinical capacity or compromising health service delivery for the population. METHODS: Data from COVID-19 case investigations, contact tracing, the Commonwealth\u27s immunization registry and whole genome sequencing were collated and analysed as part of this study. RESULTS: Between 26 March 2020 and 31 December 2021, 3281 cases and 14 deaths due to COVID-19 were reported in CNMI (case fatality rate, 0.4%). While notification rates were highest among younger age groups, hospitalization and mortality rates were disproportionately greater among those aged \u3e 50 years and among the unvaccinated. The first widespread community transmission in CNMI was detected in October 2021, with genomic epidemiology and contact tracing data indicating a single introduction event involving the AY.25 lineage and subsequent rapid community spread. Vaccination coverage was high before widespread transmission occurred in October 2021 and increased further over the study period. DISCUSSION: Robust preparedness and strong leadership generated resilience within the public health sector such that COVID-19 did not overwhelm CNMI\u27s health system as it did in other jurisdictions and countries around the world. At no point was hospital capacity exceeded, and all patients received adequate care without the need for health-care rationing

Association Between Ventilatory Settings and Development of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Mechanically Ventilated Patients Due to Brain Injury

PURPOSE: In neurologically critically ill patients with mechanical ventilation (MV), the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality, but the role of ventilatory management has been scarcely evaluated. We evaluate the association of tidal volume, level of PEEP and driving pressure with the development of ARDS in a population of patients with brain injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a secondary analysis of a prospective, observational study on mechanical ventilation. RESULTS: We included 986 patients mechanically ventilated due to an acute brain injury (hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke or brain trauma). Incidence of ARDS in this cohort was 3%. Multivariate analysis suggested that driving pressure could be associated with the development of ARDS (odds ratio for unit increment of driving pressure 1.12; confidence interval for 95%: 1.01 to 1.23) whereas we did not observe association for tidal volume (in ml per kg of predicted body weight) or level of PEEP. ARDS was associated with an increase in mortality, longer duration of mechanical ventilation, and longer ICU length of stay. CONCLUSIONS: In a cohort of brain-injured patients the development of ARDS was not common. Driving pressure was associated with the development of this disease.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio