Effects of a Short-Term Resistance-Training Program on Heart Rate Variability in Children With Cystic Fibrosis—A Randomized Controlled Trial

[EN] Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) affects the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and exercise in healthy children modulates the interaction between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a short-term resistance exercise program on heart rate variability (HRV) in children and adolescents with CF. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was carried out in children diagnosed with CF aged 6–18 years. Individuals were divided into two groups: control (CON) and resistance-training (EX). Individuals in the EX group completed an individualized guided resistance program (5-RM—60–80%) for 8 weeks (3 sessions of 60 min/week). Upper and lower limbs exercises (seated bench press, seated lateral row, and leg press) were used. HRV was measured using a Suunto watch with subjects in lying position. Results: Nineteen subjects (13 boys) were included (CON = 11; and EX = 8). Mean age was 12.2 ± 3.3, FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in the first second) z-score was 1.72 ± 1.54 and peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) 42.7 ± 7.4 mL.Kg–1.min–1. Exercise induced significant changes in the frequency-domain variables, including a decrease in LF power (p = 0.001, d = 0.98) and LF/HF ratio (p = 0.020, d = 0.92), and an increase in HF power (p = 0.001, d = −0.97), compared to the CON group. No significant changes were found for time-domain variables, although increases with a moderate effect size were seen for SDNN (p = 0.152, d = −0.41) and RMSSD (p = 0.059, d = −0.49) compared to the CON group.SICatedra Fundación Asisa-UE y Universidad Europe

Resveratrol Inhibits Protein Translation in Hepatic Cells

Resveratrol is a plant-derived polyphenol that extends lifespan and healthspan in model organism. Despite extensive investigation, the biological processes mediating resveratrol's effects have yet to be elucidated. Because repression of translation shares many of resveratrol's beneficial effects, we hypothesized that resveratrol was a modulator of protein synthesis. We studied the effect of the drug on the H4-II-E rat hepatoma cell line. Initial studies showed that resveratrol inhibited global protein synthesis. Given the role of the mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) in regulating protein synthesis, we examined the effect of resveratrol on mTOR signaling. Resveratrol inhibited mTOR self-phosphorylation and the phosphorylation of mTOR targets S6K1 and eIF4E-BP1. It attenuated the formation of the translation initiation complex eIF4F and increased the phosphorylation of eIF2α. The latter event, also a mechanism for translation inhibition, was not recapitulated by mTOR inhibitors. The effects on mTOR signaling were independent of effects on AMP-activated kinase or AKT. We conclude that resveratrol is an inhibitor of global protein synthesis, and that this effect is mediated through modulation of mTOR-dependent and independent signaling

Toward a biological, psychological and familial approach of eating disorders at onset: Case-control ANOBAS study

Eating disorders (ED) are considered as heterogeneous disorders with a complex multifactor etiology that involves biological and environmental interaction. Objective: The aim was to identify specific ED bio-psychological-familial correlates at illness onset. Methods: A case-control (1:1) design was applied, which studied 50 adolescents diagnosed with ED at onset (12–17 years old) and their families, paired by age and parents’ socio-educational level with three control samples (40 with an affective disorder, 40 with asthma, and 50 with no pathology) and their respective families. Biological, psychological, and familial correlates were assessed using interviews, standardized questionnaires, and a blood test. Results: After performing conditional logistic regression models for each type of variable, those correlates that showed to be specific for ED were included in a global exploratory model (R2 = 0.44). The specific correlates identified associated to the onset of an ED were triiodothyronine (T3) as the main specific biological correlate; patients’ drive for thinness, perfectionism and anxiety as the main psychological correlates; and fathers’ emotional over-involvement and depression, and mothers’ anxiety as the main familial correlates. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study to use three specific control groups assessed through standardized interviews, and to collect a wide variety of data at the illness onset. This study design has allowed to explore which correlates, among those measured, were specific to EDs; finding that perfectionism and family emotional over-involvement, as well as the T3 hormone were relevant to discern ED cases at the illness onset from other adolescents with or without a concurrent pathologyThis work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RYC-2009-05092 and PSI2011-23127) and the Education Ministry of Spain (FPU15/05783

Asma de inicio en la infancia: descripción de su impacto en la personalidad y en el bienestar emocional en una muestra de mujeres adolescentes

Abstract: Asthma of childhood onset: Impact of personality and psychopathology in a sample of adolescents.Asthma is the most common chronic disease in childhood, with a prevalence of 14%. The aim of this study was to examine the personality profile and psychopathology in a sample of adolescents with asthma, and their relationship with the clinical variables of this disease. Participants were thirty girls with asthma of between 12 and 17 years old. Twenty-two per cent had a comorbid psychological disorder and 36.7% a pathological interference of obsessive-compulsive symptomatology. We also found higher scores on Novelty Seeking and Reward Dependence, and lower scores on Persistence and Spirituality. There were no significant relationships between the clinical variables and the psychopathology variables. The relationship between asthma and psychopathological variables is still not very clear and more research is needed in order to improve the treatment of asthmatic patients.Keywords:Asthma; personality; adolescent; anxiety; depression. Resumen:El asma es la enfermedad crónica más común en la infancia, con una prevalencia del 14%. El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar el perfil de personalidad y de psicopatología en una muestra de adolescentes con asma, y su relación con las variables clínicas de la enfermedad de asma. Las participantes fueron treinta chicas con asma y una edad comprendida entre los 12-17 años. Se encontró que un 22% presentó un trastorno psicológico comórbido, y un 36.7% una interferencia patológica de los síntomas obsesivo-compulsivos. También encontramos una mayor Búsqueda de Novedad y Dependencia de la Recompensa, y una menor Persistencia y Espiritualidad. No se encontraron relaciones significativas entre las variables relacionadas con la enfermedad de asma y las variables de psicopatología. La relación entre el asma y las variables de psicopatologíasigue sin estar clara y se necesita más investigación al respecto para mejorar la intervención en los pacientes con asma.Palabras clave:Asma; personalidad; adolescentes; ansiedad; depresión.

Razones para no fumar

Tit. tomado de la cub.Se trata de una guía que informa a adolescentes y jóvenes sobre los riesgos del consumo de tabaco. Se ofrecen datos básicos sobre el consumo de tabaco, las causas de la dependencia del tabaco, las razones para no fumar y los mitos más recurrentes sobre la adicción al tabaco.MadridES

An internalizing and externalizing model to explain the psychopathology onset of the eating disorders at adolescence

The etiology of eating disorders (ED) is complex, and multiple models have attempted to conceptualize it. The objective of this study was to determine whether internalizing and externalizing behaviors are general proximal risk factors for psychopathology or specific for ED, and which symptomatic components of ED are related to these behaviors. Hence, a cross-case-control design was used to compare eating disorders at onset (n= 50) with three control groups: a group with psychiatric pathologies (depressive disorders [DD], n= 40), a group with psychosomatic pathology (asthma, n= 40), and a control group without pathologies (n= 50). The entire sample is made up of 180 adolescent women aged 12-18 years and their families matched by age and socioeconomic status. The results obtained indicate that internalization is a general risk factor for the psychopathology of ED and mood disorders, and that in ED it is specifically associated with a drive for thinness, ineffectiveness, interoceptive awareness, depression, trait-anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptomatology. Thus, the high comorbidity of ED is associated mainly with other internalizing behaviors.La etiología de los trastornos del comportamiento alimentario (TCA) es compleja y múltiples modelos han intentado conceptualizarla. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si los comportamientos interiorizados y exteriorizados son factores de riesgo generales de psicopatología o específicos de los TCA y qué componentes sintomatológicos del TCA están relacionados con estos comportamientos. Para ello, se utilizó un diseño transversal caso-control para comparar los TCA de inicio (n= 50) con tres grupos de control: un grupo con patología psiquiátrica (trastornos depresivos [TD], n= 40), otro con patología psicosomática (asma, n= 40) y un grupo control sin patología (n= 50). La muestra está compuesta por 180 mujeres adolescentes de 12-18 años y sus familias emparejadas por edad y estatus socioeconómico. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la interiorización es un factor de riesgo general para la psicopatología de TCA y TD, y que en los TCA está asociada específicamente con la obsesión por la delgadez, la ineficacia, la conciencia interoceptiva, la depresión, la ansiedad rasgo y la sintomatología obsesivo-compulsiva. Así, se entiende la elevada comorbilidad de los TCA con otros comportamientos interiorizadosEl proyecto “ANOBAS” se inició con el contrato Ramón y Cajal (Dra. Sepúlveda, RYC-2009-05092) y ha recibido también financiación por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Plan Nacional I +D+ i 2008/11 (PSI2011-23127

Estado nutricional y condición física en pacientes asmáticos con y sin broncoespasmo inducido por el ejercicio

Sin financiaciónNo data 2018UE