Socio-economic stratification and the penitentiary system

The development of market relations in Russia, the sharp socioeconomic stratification of the society into rich and poor has given rise to corruption, terrorism, prostitution, the demographic crisis, and the devaluation of the values of family life. The increase in mortality, the decline in the birth rate in Russia are not only because of economic difficulties, but also because of the crisis of the spiritual values of youth and, above all, minorities. Theoretical and methodological studies of the process of the formation of a spiritually-moral personality were reflected in the fundamental works of philosophers, sociologists, psychologists and teachers. In these conditions, the importance of the educational colonies (EC) for the correction of minors, because of the quality of educational work on them. The revealed contradictions, relevance and insufficient theoretical elaboration have shown the need for a fundamental, complex and interdisciplinary study of the process of formation of the spiritual and moral values of under-age female convicts in educational colonies, in connection with the development of gender conceptual and methodological foundations for the formation of spiritual and moral values of under-age female convicts in the domestic educational colonies. This is the goal of this study on the basis of the person-centered, pedagogical-axiological, subject and socially-gender approaches. The outlook of the research consists in the development of the theory and methodology of constructing gender-communicative strategies and tactics for the development of the personal, actionable and cognitive levels of the formation of the spiritual and moral values of under-age female convicts, taking into account the characteristics of their sex.peer-reviewe

Innovation as the main factor for sustainable development of a commercial bank

The article is an original study of the essence of banking innovations and their role in ensuring sustainable development of a commercial bank. The authors make definitive analysis of the term ‘innovation’ in research works of domestic and foreign authors, reveal their key feature, namely, the novelty that carries energy necessary for sustainable development of economy and a commercial bank. From the point of view of the synergetic approach and using the principles of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, scenario development of an open economic system is considered, a commercial bank being a special case of it; schemes to illustrate it are provided. The analysis made by the authors allows for a conclusion that it is possible to ensure a stable development of a credit institution only if there is a permanent inflow of external energy that compensates for energy losses due to entropic dispersion and a negative influence of internal and external factors thereon. Systemic innovation activity come laden with this energy, which leads to the conclusion that it is innovations that are the main factor ensuring a sustainable development of a commercial bank. A classification of banking innovations into basic (radical), combinatorial, and modifying ones is given.peer-reviewe

Illegal circulation of digital currencies: features of criminal investigation

The purpose of the study is to analyze the international and national legal regulation of the digital currencies circulation at the present stage, to assess the state of crime with the illegal use of these assets, to identify the features of the investigating such crimes and to substantiate proposals aimed at improving legislation and law enforcement practice. The following methods were used in the research: normative and comparative legal – in the analysis of legislation and practice of seizure and confiscation of digital currencies in different states, to identify the strengths and weaknesses of national approaches, to assess the possibility of their unification and harmonization; phenomenological – in considering the criminal trafficking in digital currency as a phenomenon that requires special methods of detection and investigation; general logical methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, methods of empirical research and analysis. It was shown that with the rapid growth of crime involving cryptocurrencies, the legislation of various states is at the stage of formation of legal regulation of the fight against its illicit trafficking: only some countries have established the status of digital currency as property, provided for the specifics of seizure, storage and sale of digital currency in criminal cases. The need to recognize digital currencies as property has been substantiated. It is shown that the seizure and confiscation of cryptocurrencies should be carried out only by court decision. The lack of special knowledge in the field of digital technology among the investigator, prosecutor and the court requires the mandatory involvement of a specialist in the proceedings on cases of crimes committed with the use of digital currency

The deming cycle (PDCA) concept as a tool for the transition to the innovative path of the continuous quality improvement in production processes of the agro-industrial sector

The agricultural production and agro-industrial sector are two major industries, the performance of which has an impact on the living standard of the population in different countries. The high quality of production in the agro-industrial sector determines both the availability of food for the population and the food security of the country. Taking into account that the most developed countries and countries with the transitive economy have already overcome the problem of food deficiency, and that still this problem exists in developing countries, this article suggests using a traditional tool for the quality management (Deming Cycle or PDCA), complemented by a strategically oriented approach. The main findings of the article are as follows: Firstly, the problem of food sufficiency is solved in the global economy in a different way; the majority of population in developing countries does not have access to good quality food. This has a negative impact on their vital activities, as well as on the overall socio-economic development of such countries; Secondly, the use of complicated management tools for steadily improvement of the production quality in the agro-industrial sector of developing countries is not always feasible from scientific and practical points of view. The complication of the tools does not involve the solution of the problem; Thirdly, a traditional quality management tool, known as the Deming Cycle or PDCA, has a significant potential for use even now. This article provides a strategic approach to the use of the Deming Cycle (PDCA) to solve the problem of deficiency and low availability of good quality food supplies in developing countries.peer-reviewe

MOOCs Usage in Russian Higher Educational Institutions: Why Is Not There Any Increasing Demand for MOOCs During Emergency Distance Learning

The abrupt transition to distance learning during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic triggered an urgent need for online resources at higher education institutes (HIEs). Creating analogues of traditional full-time courses demanded for competencies and time resources. In this case ready-made massive open online courses (MOOCs) were supposed to be the most obvious and fastest solution for HIEs. However, analytics demonstrated that educational institutions did not consider MOOC a promising option. This contradiction served as an incentive to conduct this research, which includes the analysis of both non-reactive (MOOCs platform analytics) and reactive (online survey and interviews with instructors) data. Based on our research, we can conclude that the reasons for not integrating MOOCs at Russian HIEs during the COVID-19 pandemic are the following: the peculiarities of MOOCs format, low motivation of instructors, administrative risks, and the uncertainty of HIEs’ and national policies on MOOCs integration. This article will be useful for those who determine educational policy in Russia, university administrators, methodologists responsible for the development of digital educational technologies in HIEs, as well as researchers of higher education

How to Attract Women in STEM and Help Them Become Successful: The Review of Practices of Overcoming Gender Stereotypes

Gender imbalance among students in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) is a worldwide problem leading to negative social and economic consequences. Despite the widespread “myth of gender equality” in Russia, this problem is also relevant for our country. The share of male students in most STEM fields in Russian universities significantly exceeds the share of female students, especially in engineering and technical fields. The article is aimed at analyzing the existing experience of combating gender stereotypes in STEM educational programs. It provides an overview of seven types of practices: 1) informing girls about gender stereotypes and their negative consequences; 2) practices aimed at developing “growth mindset”; 3) influence through “role models” and the formation of friendship networks based on interest in STEM; 4) class composition management; 5) organization of active learning; 6) emphasis on the public benefit of career in STEM; 7) creating a positive climate through working with stereotypes of male teachers and students. The article also discusses the applicability of these practices in the Russian educational context

Innovative development of the building complex on the basis of environmental and energy-efficient technologies

The objective of the current study was to determine the priorities of innovative development of the building complex on the basis of the analysis of the environmental and energy-efficient technologies that were applied. Analysis of energy efficiency and environmental technologies in the construction industry showed that residential housing consumes 23% of the total primary energy supply in Russia. The construction sector is responsible for 30% of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. Russia annually spends approximately 170 million tons of fuel equivalents for heating, ventilation and air conditioning of residential housing. Comparing Russia with the countries of similar climatic conditions it should be noted that energy consumption value in Russia is significantly higher (the excess ranges from 24 to 47% depending upon the building). Having analyzed the housing the authors offer the ways of building complex innovative development that mean the following: reindustrialization of material and technical resources of construction companies and the introduction of managerial innovations; the development and application of new high-tech building structures, products and materials that are to ensure the economic and environmental efficiency of buildings’ construction and operation

Пути улучшения результатов лечения сарком тела матки

The choice of of ef ficient treatment of uterine sarcomas is challenge, due to the high malignancy and aggressiveness of the tumor, on the one hand, and the lack of a suf ficient amount for the treatment of uterine sarcomas studies on the other. The authors have shown to be promising, and the importance of choosing an adequate level of surgicaltreatment and the selectivity in the choice of additional methods of complex treatment. The ar ticle presents the results of treatment of sarcomas of the uterine body cancer (gynecologic) Department of Regional Oncology Center.Выбор тактики эффективного лечения сарком матки является актуальной задачей, в связи с высокой злокачественностью и агрессивностью данной опухоли, с одной стороны, и отсутствием достаточного количества исследований по лечению сарком матки, с другой.Авторами показана перспективность и важность выбора адекватного объема хирургического лечения и селективность в выборе дополнительных методов комплексного лечения. В статье представлены результаты лечения сарком тела матки онкологическим (гинекологическим) отделением областного онкологического диспансера

СТРУКТУРА, ФАЗОВЫЙ СОСТАВ И МЕХАНИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА КРИСТАЛЛОВ ZrO2, ЧАСТИЧНО СТАБИЛИЗИРОВАННЫХ Y2O3

The structure of PSZ crystals has been studied as a function of the content of the stabilizing impurity (Y2O3) by X–ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic−force microscope (AFM). The hardness and fracture toughness have been measured by microindentation. The study has shown that PSZ crystals obtained by directional solidification of the melt consist of two tetragonal phases (t and t’) with varying degrees of tetragonality. Increasing the stabilizing impurity concentration leads to an increase in the volume fraction of the “untransformable” t’ phase. Experiments have shown that an increase in the concentration of the stabilizing impurity leads to a growth in the amount of positively charged oxygen vacancies (the F++–centers) which increase the lattice parameter and stabilize the structure. The character of the twinned structure changes depending on the concentration of the stabilizing impurity. In PSZ crystals with Y2O3 concentration from 2.8 to 3.2 mol. % twins first, second and third orders as well as large twins consist of smaller twin domains are observed. At high concentrations of stabilizing impurities (3.7—4.0 mol. %) the twin structure becomes smaller and more uniform. This suggests that twinning occurs simultaneously and is localized within small volumes. The character of the twinned structure changes depending on the concentration of the stabilizing impurity. This work shows that the quantity of hardening (fracture toughness) is proportional to the content of the transformable t phase.Методами рентгеновской дифрактометрии, атомно-силовой и просвечивающей электронной микроскопии исследована структура кристаллов частично стабилизированного ZrO2 (ЧСЦ) в зависимости от содержания стабилизирующей примеси (Y2O3). Проведены измерения твердости и трещиностойкости методом микроиндентирования. Установлено, что кристаллы ЧСЦ, полученные направленной кристаллизацией расплава, характеризуются наличием двух тетрагональных фаз (t и t’), различающихся степенью тетрагональности. Причем увеличение концентрации Y2O3 в кристаллах приводит к увеличению содержания нетрансформируемой t'-фазы. Экспериментально показано, что рост концентрации стабилизирующей примеси приводит к увеличению количества кислородных положительно заряженных вакансий, (F++-центров), которые увеличивают параметр решетки и стабилизируют структуру. Обнаружено, что повышение концентрации Y2O3 влияет на вид и дисперсность двойниковых доменов. В кристаллах ЧСЦ с концентрацией Y2O3 от 2,8 до 3,2 % (мол.) выявлены двойники первого, второго, третьего порядков, в свою очередь, каждый из двойников содержит внутри двойники следующего порядка. При больших концентрациях стабилизирующей примеси (3,7—4,0 % (мол.)) двойниковая структура становится более мелкой и однородной, двойникование идет одновременно и локализуется в малых объемах. Показано, что величина упрочнения (трещиностойкость) пропорциональна содержанию трансформируемой t-фазы