Estación y número de parto en el rendimiento de la línea genética porcina Camborough 29

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of the season of the year and farrowing number on the reproductive and productive characteristics of the Camborough 29 swine genetic line. Methodology: Records of 85 sows from a commercial farm in Huaral (Lima, Peru) were evaluated, from a period of three years (2011-2013), to determinate the effect of the season of the year (SY, winter and summer) and the number of farrowing (NF, 1 to 5) on the reproductive characteristics: fertility rate (FR) and parturition rate (PR) and productive: weaning-conception interval (WCI), Live born piglets (LBP), litter size at weaning (LSW), average weaning weight (AWW) and percentage of stillborn piglets (% SP). The data were analyzed using the chi square test and the analysis of variance. Results: SY did not influence (P>0.05) on FR (97 vs 99) and PR (96 vs 97); but there was a influence (P<0.05) on the WCI (14.8 vs 9.4 days). NF influenced (P<0.05) in LBP (12.91; 12.90; 13.87; 15.38 and 14.53), % SP (3.09, 2.87, 2.39, 6.50 and 5.72) and in the AWW (6.04; 6.53; 6.64; 6.49 and 6.85 kg) but it did not statistically influence (P>0.05) in the LSW (11.46; 11.36; 11.42; 10.73 and 12.35). Conclusions: The season of the year only influenced in the WCI while the number farrowing had effect on the LBP, %SP and AWW.Objetivos: Evaluar los efectos de la estación del año y número de parto sobre las características reproductivas y productivas de la línea porcina Camborough 29. Metodología: Se evaluaron registros de 85 marranas de una granja comercial de la provincia de Huaral (Lima-Perú), durante tres años (2011-2013), para determinar el  efecto de la estación del año (EA, verano-invierno) y el número de parto (NP, 1 al 5) sobre las características reproductivas: Tasa de fertilidad (TF)  y tasa de parto (TP) y productivas: Intervalo destete concepción (IDC), lechones nacidos vivos (LNV), tamaño de camada al destete (TCD), peso promedio al destete (PPD) y porcentaje de lechones nacidos muertos (%LNM). Los datos se analizaron mediante la prueba de Chi cuadrado y el análisis de varianza. Resultados: La EA no influyó (P>0,05) en la TF (97 vs 99%) y TP (96 vs 97%), mientras que si tuvo influencia (P<0,05) sobre el IDC (14,8 vs 9,4 días). El NP influyó (P<0,05) sobre los LNV (12,91; 12,90; 13, 87; 15,38 y 14,53), % LNM (3,09; 2,87; 2,39; 6,50 y 5,72) y en el PPD (6,04; 6,53; 6,64; 6,49 y 6,85 kg) y no influyó (P>0,05) en el TCD (11,46; 11,36; 11,42; 10,73 y 12,35). Conclusiones: La estación del año sólo influyó en el IDC mientras que el Número de parto tuvo efecto sobre LNV, % LNM y PPD

Efecto de la harina de ajo y cebolla sobre la respuesta inmunológica en pollos de engorde

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of garlic and onion meal in the diet on the immune response in broilers. Methodology: 150 male broilers of the Cobb 500 line were used. The birds were randomly distributed in three groups with five replications and each replication with ten broilers. The treatments were: T0: Negative control, without antibiotic growth promoters (APC); T1: Positive control, with APC (Enramycin 8%); T2: Garlic + onion meal (0.75% + 0.75%). The immune response variables were, weight of lymphoid organs (spleen, thymus and bursa of Fabricius) and humoral response (antibody levels). Analysis of variance of a completely randomized design and Tukey's test were used to evaluate the data. Results: No significant differences (P>0.05) were found in the weight of lymphoid organs or humoral response when comparing the three treatments. The weight of lymphoid organs and humoral response presented a great variability. Conclusions: Garlic and onion meal did not influence lymphoid organ weights and antibody levels in broilers.Objetivos: Evaluar el efecto de la harina de ajo y cebolla en la dieta sobre la respuesta inmunológica en pollos de engorde. Metodología: Se utilizaron 150 pollos machos de carne de la línea Cobb 500. Las aves se distribuyeron al azar en tres grupos con cinco replicaciones y cada replicación con diez pollos. Los tratamientos fueron: T0: Control negativo, sin Antibióticos Promotores del Crecimiento (APC); T1: Control positivo, con APC (Enramicina 8%); T2: Harina de ajo + cebolla (0,75% + 0,75%). Las variables de respuesta inmunológica fueron, peso de los órganos linfoides (bazo, timo y bolsa de Fabricio) y respuesta humoral (niveles de anticuerpos). Se utilizó el análisis de varianza de un diseño completamente al azar y la prueba de Tukey para evaluar los datos. Resultados: No se encontraron diferencias significativas (P>0,05) en el peso de los órganos linfoides ni en la respuesta humoral, al comparar los tres tratamientos. El peso de los órganos linfoides y la respuesta humoral presentaron una gran variabilidad. Conclusiones: La harina de ajo y cebolla no influyó sobre el peso de los órganos linfoides y niveles de anticuerpos en pollos de engorde

Caracterización sanitaria e identificación de los puntos de contaminación microbiológica en la cadena de comercialización pesquera en el puerto de Pucallpa, Ucayali, Perú

The aim of this study was to conduct the sanitary characterization of the fishing marketing chain and identify the points of microbiological contamination from landing to sale, in the port of Pucallpa, Ucayali, Peru. Artisanal fishing ends with the landing of wooden boats with motor. The fish are washed in the river water, as well as plastic material and tubs within 150 m of the riverbank. The fish are transferred covered with crushed ice, plastic layers and rice husk. The facilities for sale are made of wood. There are no programs to disinfect or sanitize the area and solid waste is disposed of in a nearby sector. Work clothing is not used by fishermen, but some primary marketers use it. The physicochemical parameters of the water samples were within the normal ranges, but the presence of coliforms, E. coli and Pseudomona sp at high levels was detected. In fish, mesophiles were above the Maximum Permissible Limit (MPL) in catfish meat (Siluriforme spp); E. coli was at low levels in the meat of the three species evaluated (black prochilodus [Prochilodus nigricans], silver mylossoma [Mylossoma duriventre] and catfish); Staphylococcus aureus was present at low levels, but above the MPL in catfish, and Salmonella sp, Vibrio cholerae and V. parahemolyticus were absent. In facilities, furniture and hands of the fihermen was found E. coli and high counts of coliforms. The results show an artisanal management with poor biosecurity in the fishing marketing chain and a moderate microbiological contamination, both in facilities, in fishermen and in fish.El objetivo del estudio fue caracterizar sanitariamente la cadena de comercialización pesquera e identificar los puntos de contaminación microbiológica desde el desembarque hasta la venta, en el puerto de Pucallpa, Ucayali, Perú. La pesca artesanal finaliza con el desembarque de botes de madera con motor. Los pescados son lavados en el agua del río, así como el material plástico y tinas dentro de los 150 m de la ribera. Los pescados son trasladados cubiertos con hielo picado, capas de plástico y cascarilla de arroz. Las instalaciones para la venta son de madera. No hay programas de desinfección ni sanitización del área y los residuos sólidos son eliminados en un sector aledaño. Indumentaria de trabajo no es utilizada por los manipuladores del pescado, pero lo usan algunos comercializadores primarios. Los parámetros fisicoquímicos de las muestras de agua estaban dentro de los rangos normales, pero se detectó la presencia de coliformes, E. coli y Pseudomona sp en niveles elevados. En los pescados, los mesófilos estuvieron por encima al Límite Máximo permisible (LMP) en carne de bagre (Siluriforme spp); E. coli estuvo en bajos niveles en la carne de las tres especies evaluadas (boquichico [Prochilodus nigricans], palometa [Mylossoma duriventre] y bagre); Staphylococcus aureus estuvo presente en niveles bajos, pero por encima del LMP en bagres; Salmonella sp, Vibrio cholerae y V. parahemolyticus estuvieron ausentes. En instalaciones, mobiliarios y manos de los manipuladores se encontró E. coli y recuentos elevados de coliformes. Los resultados muestran un manejo artesanal con una bioseguridad deficiente en la cadena de comercialización pesquera y una contaminación microbiológica moderada, tanto en instalaciones y manipuladores como en los pescados

Selección de variedades de cebolla amarilla para la costa central del Perú

RESUMEN El objetivo fue seleccionar variedades de cebolla amarilla adaptadas para la costa central del Perú. La investigación se realizó en condiciones de campo en el distrito de Supe (Lima). El diseño experimental fue bloques completos al azar con 6 tratamientos y 3 repeticiones, con una muestra de 180 plantas por unidad experimental. Las variables evaluadas fueron porcentaje de germinación, altura de planta, diámetro ecuatorial de bulbo y rendimiento; los cultivares utilizados fueron los híbridos Granex 33, Deva, SXO-1000, Texas grano 438, Texas grano 1015Y y Pegasus. Para analizar los datos se utilizó el análisis de varianza y la prueba de comparaciones múltiples de Tukey al 95%. El mayor porcentaje de germinación lo obtuvo Pegasus, la mayor altura de planta la presentaron Texas Grano 438, SXO -1000, Texas Grano 1015Y y el mayor diámetro ecuatorial del bulbo lo obtuvieron Pegasus y SXO-1000. Asimismo, el mayor rendimiento lo obtuvo el híbrido Pegasus (33,07 t ha-1) superando estadísticamente al resto de variedades. Los cultivares Pegasus, Texas grano 1015Y, Texas grano 438 y SXO–1000, presentaron mayor rendimiento y calibre del Bulbo, destacando el híbrido Pegasus por su mayor productividad.   Palabras clave: Allium sp, mejoramiento genético, condiciones ambientales

Determinants of seasonal influenza vaccination in pregnant women in Valencia, Spain

Background: In most countries the coverage of seasonal influenza vaccination in pregnant women is low. We investigated the acceptance, reasons for rejection and professional involvement related to vaccine information in pregnant women in Valencia, Spain. Methods: Observational retrospective study in 200 pregnant women, 100 vaccinated and 100 unvaccinated, were interviewed during the 2014/2015 vaccination campaign. Electronic medical records, immunization registry and telephone interviews were used to determine reasons for vaccination and immunization rejection. Results: 40.5% of pregnant women in the health department were vaccinated. The midwife was identified as source of information for 89% of women. The vaccine was rejected due to low perceptions of risk of influenza infection (23%), lack of information (19%), considering the vaccine as superfluous (16%), close proximity of delivery date (13%) and fear of side effects (12%). Conclusion: Pregnant women in Spain declined to be vaccinated due to under-estimation of the risk of contracting or being harmed by influenza, and lack of information. Interventions aiming to optimize vaccination coverage should include information addressing the safety and effectiveness of the current vaccine together with improved professional training and motivation

Can a global score for anxiety and depression be obtained from the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4) in the Peruvian population that has experienced the death of a loved one? Empirical support for a unidimensional or two-dimensional model.

Introducción: A nivel mundial, la ansiedad y la depresión figuran como los trastornos mentales más frecuentes, tanto en entornos clínicos como en la población en general. El Patient Health Questionnaire-4 es el instrumento de acceso libre más utilizado para evaluar la ansiedad y depresión tanto en entornos clínicos como comunitarios. Objetivo: El estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar las evidencias psicométricas del Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4). Método: Participaron 1015 individuos peruanos entre 18 y 69 años (M=26.4, DE=9.93, 58.6% mujeres) que experimentaron la muerte de un ser querido. Se utilizaron técnicas derivadas de la Teoría Clásica de los Test y la Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem (IRT). Resultados: Se probaron tres modelos: unidimensional (CFI = 0.989; TLI = 0.966; RMSEA = 0.075), el de dos factores (CFI = 1.000; TLI = 1.000; RMSEA = 0.000) y el modelo bifactor el cual no convergió. El modelo de dos factores fue el que más se aproximó a un modelo perfecto. La confiabilidad, evaluada mediante el coeficiente omega, fue adecuada tanto para el modelo unidimensional (? = 0.88) como para el de dos factores (?ansiedad = 0.83; ?depresión = 0.78). El análisis por IRT indicó que, los ítems del PHQ-4 son adecuados indicadores que pueden discriminar entre quienes presentan o no los rasgos de ansiedad y depresión. Respecto a la relación entre el PHQ-4 y el duelo pandémico, tanto el modelo unidimensional (como el de dos factores demostraron índices de ajuste adecuados. Se demostró que el modelo unidimensional y el de dos factores son invariantes según el género y la edad. Conclusión: A pesar de que el modelo de un factor y dos factores correlacionados muestran adecuados índices de ajuste, el segundo tuvo un mejor ajuste. Además, este modelo presentó adecuada fiabilidad, discriminación y relación significativa con el duelo disfuncional.Introduction: Worldwide, anxiety and depression are the most common mental disorders, both in clinical settings and in the general population. The Patient Health Questionnaire-4 is the most widely used open access instrument to assess anxiety and depression in both clinical and community settings. Objective: The study aims to evaluate the psychometric evidence of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4). Method: 1015 Peruvian individuals between 18 and 69 years old (M=26.4, SD=9.93, 58.6% women) who experienced the death of a loved one participated. Techniques derived from Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory (IRT) were used. Results: Three models were tested: one-dimensional (CFI = 0.989; TLI = 0.966; RMSEA = 0.075), the two-factor model (CFI = 1.000; TLI = 1.000; RMSEA = 0.000) and the bifactor model which did not converge. The two-factor model was the one that came closest to a perfect model. Reliability, evaluated using the omega coefficient, was adequate for both the unidimensional model (? = 0.88) and the two-factor model (? anxiety = 0.83; ? depression = 0.78). The IRT analysis indicated that the PHQ-4 items are adequate indicators that can discriminate between those who do or do not present the traits of anxiety and depression. Regarding the relationship between the PHQ-4 and pandemic grief, both the unidimensional model and the two-factor model demonstrated appropriate fit indices. It was shown that the one-dimensional and two-factor models are invariant according to gender and age. Conclusion: Although the one-factor model and two correlated factors show adequate fit indices, the second had a better fit. Furthermore, this model presented adequate reliability, discrimination and a significant relationship with dysfunctional grief

Global Perspectives on Immunization During Pregnancy and Priorities for Future Research and Development: An International Consensus Statement

Immunization during pregnancy has been recommended in an increasing number of countries. The aim of this strategy is to protect pregnant women and infants from severe infectious disease, morbidity and mortality and is currently limited to tetanus, inactivated influenza, and pertussis-containing vaccines. There have been recent advancements in the development of vaccines designed primarily for use in pregnant women (respiratory syncytial virus and group B Streptococcus vaccines). Although there is increasing evidence to support vaccination in pregnancy, important gaps in knowledge still exist and need to be addressed by future studies. This collaborative consensus paper provides a review of the current literature on immunization during pregnancy and highlights the gaps in knowledge and a consensus of priorities for future research initiatives, in order to optimize protection for both the mother and the infant

Plant trait and vegetation data along a 1314 m elevation gradient with fire history in Puna grasslands, Per\ufa

\ua9 2024. The Author(s). Alpine grassland vegetation supports globally important biodiversity and ecosystems that are increasingly threatened by climate warming and other environmental changes. Trait-based approaches can support understanding of vegetation responses to global change drivers and consequences for ecosystem functioning. In six sites along a 1314 m elevational gradient in Puna grasslands in the Peruvian Andes, we collected datasets on vascular plant composition, plant functional traits, biomass, ecosystem fluxes, and climate data over three years. The data were collected in the wet and dry season and from plots with different fire histories. We selected traits associated with plant resource use, growth, and life history strategies (leaf area, leaf dry/wet mass, leaf thickness, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf C, N, P content, C and N isotopes). The trait dataset contains 3,665 plant records from 145 taxa, 54,036 trait measurements (increasing the trait data coverage of the regional flora by 420%) covering 14 traits and 121 plant taxa (ca. 40% of which have no previous publicly available trait data) across 33 families

Plant trait and vegetation data along a 1314 m elevation gradient with fire history in Puna grasslands, Perú

Alpine grassland vegetation supports globally important biodiversity and ecosystems that are increasingly threatened by climate warming and other environmental changes. Trait-based approaches can support understanding of vegetation responses to global change drivers and consequences for ecosystem functioning. In six sites along a 1314 m elevational gradient in Puna grasslands in the Peruvian Andes, we collected datasets on vascular plant composition, plant functional traits, biomass, ecosystem fluxes, and climate data over three years. The data were collected in the wet and dry season and from plots with different fire histories. We selected traits associated with plant resource use, growth, and life history strategies (leaf area, leaf dry/wet mass, leaf thickness, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf C, N, P content, C and N isotopes). The trait dataset contains 3,665 plant records from 145 taxa, 54,036 trait measurements (increasing the trait data coverage of the regional flora by 420%) covering 14 traits and 121 plant taxa (ca. 40% of which have no previous publicly available trait data) across 33 families