Serologically diagnosed acute human bocavirus 1 infection in childhood community-acquired pneumonia

AimTo assess the role of human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) as a causative agent of non-severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children. MethodsPatients aged 2-59 months with non-severe CAP (respiratory complaints and radiographic pulmonary infiltrate/consolidation) attending a University Hospital in Salvador, Brazil were enrolled in a prospective cohort. From 820 recruited children in a clinical trial ( NCT01200706), nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA), and acute and convalescent serum samples were obtained from 759 (92.6%) patients. NPAs were tested for 16 respiratory viruses by PCR. Acute HBoV1 infection was confirmed by measuring specific IgM and IgG responses in paired serum samples. ResultsRespiratory viruses were detected in 693 (91.3%; 95%CI: 89.1-93.2) CAP cases by PCR. HBoV1-DNA was detected in 159 (20.9%; 95%CI: 18.2-24.0) cases. Of these 159 PCR positive cases, acute HBoV1 infection was confirmed serologically in 38 cases (23.9%; 95%CI: 17.8-31.0). Overall, acute HBoV1 infection was confirmed in 5.0% (38/759) of non-severe CAP patients. HBoV1 was detected in 151 cases with at least one other virus making 31.7% of all multiple virus (n=477) detections. Among all 759 cases, 216 had one respiratory virus detected, and sole HBoV1 was detected in only 8 (3.7%). Acute HBoV1 infection was serologically diagnosed in 34 (22.5%) HBoV1-DNA-positive cases with another virus, compared to 4 (50.0%) cases with sole virus detection (p=0.09). ConclusionHBoV1 was detected by PCR in one fifth of the children with non-severe CAP and acute HBoV1 infection was serologically confirmed in one quarter of these cases.Peer reviewe

Detection of antibody responses against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis proteins in children with community-acquired pneumonia: effects of combining pneumococcal antigens, pre-existing antibody levels, sampling interval, age, and duration of illness.

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2016-04-01T13:26:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Borges, IC. Detection of antibody....pdf: 173075 bytes, checksum: 0b47c689713f1da2ca3a96e5efb53dab (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2016-04-01T13:52:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Borges, IC. Detection of antibody....pdf: 173075 bytes, checksum: 0b47c689713f1da2ca3a96e5efb53dab (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-01T13:52:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Borges, IC. Detection of antibody....pdf: 173075 bytes, checksum: 0b47c689713f1da2ca3a96e5efb53dab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015Federal University of Bahia School of Medicine. Postgraduate Programme in Health Sciences. Salvador, BA, BrasilFederal University of Bahia School of Medicine. Postgraduate Programme in Health Sciences. Salvador, BA, BrasilFederal University of Bahia School of Medicine. Postgraduate Programme in Health Sciences. Salvador, BA, BrasilFederal University of Bahia School of Medicine. Department of Paediatrics. Salvador, BA, BrasilNational Institute for Health and Welfare. Helsinki, FinlandNational Institute for Health and Welfare. Helsinki, FinlandUniversity of the Witwatersrand. DST/NRF Vaccine Preventable Diseases. MRC Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit. Johannesburg, South AfricaValneva Austria GmbH. Campus Vienna Biocenter. Vienna, AustriaUniversity of São Paulo School of Public Health. Department of Epidemiology. São Paulo, SP, BrasilFederal University of Bahia School of Medicine. Postgraduate Programme in Health Sciences. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Federal University of Bahia School of Medicine. Department of Pathology. Salvador, BA, BrasilTurku University and University Hospital. Department of Paediatrics. Turku, FinlandNational Institute for Health and Welfare. Helsinki, FinlandFederal University of Bahia School of Medicine. Postgraduate Programme in Health Sciences. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Federal University of Bahia School of Medicine. Department of Paediatrics. Salvador, BA, BrasilWe evaluated the effects of combining different numbers of pneumococcal antigens, pre-existing antibody levels, sampling interval, age, and duration of illness on the detection of IgG responses against eight Streptococcus pneumoniae proteins, three Haemophilus influenzae proteins, and five Moraxella catarrhalis proteins in 690 children aged <5 years with pneumonia. Serological tests were performed on acute and convalescent serum samples with a multiplexed bead-based immunoassay. The median sampling interval was 19 days, the median age was 26.7 months, and the median duration of illness was 5 days. The rate of antibody responses was 15.4 % for at least one pneumococcal antigen, 5.8 % for H. influenzae, and 2.3 % for M. catarrhalis. The rate of antibody responses against each pneumococcal antigen varied from 3.5 to 7.1 %. By multivariate analysis, pre-existing antibody levels showed a negative association with the detection of antibody responses against pneumococcal and H. influenzae antigens; the sampling interval was positively associated with the detection of antibody responses against pneumococcal and H. influenzae antigens. A sampling interval of 3 weeks was the optimal cut-off for the detection of antibody responses against pneumococcal and H. influenzae proteins. Duration of illness was negatively associated with antibody responses against PspA. Age did not influence antibody responses against the investigated antigens. In conclusion, serological assays using combinations of different pneumococcal proteins detect a higher rate of antibody responses against S. pneumoniae compared to assays using a single pneumococcal protein. Pre-existing antibody levels and sampling interval influence the detection of antibody responses against pneumococcal and H. influenzae proteins. These factors should be considered when determining pneumonia etiology by serological methods in children

Comparison of oral amoxicillin given thrice or twice daily to children between 2 and 59 months old with non-severe pneumonia: a randomized controlled trial

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2014-06-30T17:58:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Vilas-Boas AL Comparison of oral....pdf: 192137 bytes, checksum: c8cc369ee368a9bdb6e9eedde3f9fbab (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-30T17:58:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vilas-Boas AL Comparison of oral....pdf: 192137 bytes, checksum: c8cc369ee368a9bdb6e9eedde3f9fbab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014Federal University of Bahia. School of Medicine. Department of Paediatrics. Salvador, BA, BrasilFederal University of Bahia. School of Medicine. Department of Paediatrics. Salvador, BA, BrasilFederal University of Bahia. School of Medicine. Department of Paediatrics. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversity Federal of Bahia School of Medicine. Department of Image Diagnosis. Salvador, BA, BrasilFederal University of Bahia Hospital. Image Diagnosis Unit. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversity Federal of Bahia School of Medicine. Department of Image Diagnosis. Salvador, BA, BrasilFederal University of Bahia Hospital. Pharmacy Unit. Salvador, BA, BrasilFederal University of Bahia School of Medicine. Pathology Department. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversity of São Paulo School of Public Health. Department of Epidemiology. São Paulo, SP, BrasilUniversity of São Paulo School of Public Health. Department of Epidemiology. São Paulo, SP, BrasilFederal University of Bahia. School of Medicine. Department of Paediatrics. Salvador, BA, BrasilObjectives: Oral amoxicillin (50 mg/kg/day) thrice daily is the first-line therapy for non-severe childhood pneumonia. Compliance could be enhanced if two daily doses are employed. We assessed the equivalence of oral amoxicillin (50 mg/kg/day) thrice or twice daily in those patients. Patients and methods: This randomized (1: 1), controlled, triple-blinded investigation conducted at one centre in Brazil included children aged 2–59 months with non-severe pneumonia diagnosed by trained paediatricians based on respiratory complaints and radiographic pulmonary infiltrate/consolidation. Participantswere randomly assigned to receive one bottle (Amoxicillin 1) at 6 am, 2 pm and 10 pm and the other bottle (Amoxicillin 2) at 8 am and 8 pm: one bottle contained amoxicillin and the other placebo and vice versa. Only the pharmacist knew patients’ allocation. Follow-up assessments were done at 2, 5 and 14 days after enrolment. Chest radiographs were read by three independent radiologists. Primary outcome was treatment failure (development of danger signs, persistence of fever, tachypnoea, development of serious adverse reactions, death and withdrawal from the trial) at 48 h. ClinicalTrials.gov: identifier NCT01200706. Results: Four hundred and twelve and 408 participants received amoxicillin thrice or twice daily, respectively. Treatment failure was detected in 94 (22.8%) and 94 (23.0%) patients in intention-to-treat analysis (risk difference 0.2%; 95% CI: 25.5%–6.0%) and in 80 (20.1%) and 85 (21.3%) patients in per-protocol analysis (risk difference 1.2%; 95% CI: 24.4%–6.8%). Pneumonia was radiologically confirmed by concordant reading in 277 (33.8%) cases, among whom treatment failure was registered in 25/133 (18.8%) and 27/144 (18.8%) participants from the thrice and twice daily doses subgroups, respectively (risk difference 20.05%; 95% CI: 29.3%– 9.2%). Conclusions: Oral amoxicillin (50 mg/kg/day) twice daily is as efficacious as thrice daily

Comparison of oral amoxicillin given thrice or twice daily to children between 2 and 59 months old with non-severe pneumonia: a randomized controlled trial

Objectives: Oral amoxicillin (50 mg/kg/day) thrice daily is the first-line therapy for non-severe childhood pneumonia. Compliance could be enhanced if two daily doses are employed. We assessed the equivalence of oral amoxicillin (50 mg/kg/day) thrice or twice daily in those patients. Patients and methods: This randomized (1: 1), controlled, triple-blinded investigation conducted at one centre in Brazil included children aged 2–59 months with non-severe pneumonia diagnosed by trained paediatricians based on respiratory complaints and radiographic pulmonary infiltrate/consolidation. Participantswere randomly assigned to receive one bottle (Amoxicillin 1) at 6 am, 2 pm and 10 pm and the other bottle (Amoxicillin 2) at 8 am and 8 pm: one bottle contained amoxicillin and the other placebo and vice versa. Only the pharmacist knew patients’ allocation. Follow-up assessments were done at 2, 5 and 14 days after enrolment. Chest radiographs were read by three independent radiologists. Primary outcome was treatment failure (development of danger signs, persistence of fever, tachypnoea, development of serious adverse reactions, death and withdrawal from the trial) at 48 h. ClinicalTrials.gov: identifier NCT01200706. Results: Four hundred and twelve and 408 participants received amoxicillin thrice or twice daily, respectively. Treatment failure was detected in 94 (22.8%) and 94 (23.0%) patients in intention-to-treat analysis (risk difference 0.2%; 95% CI: 25.5%–6.0%) and in 80 (20.1%) and 85 (21.3%) patients in per-protocol analysis (risk difference 1.2%; 95% CI: 24.4%–6.8%). Pneumonia was radiologically confirmed by concordant reading in 277 (33.8%) cases, among whom treatment failure was registered in 25/133 (18.8%) and 27/144 (18.8%) participants from the thrice and twice daily doses subgroups, respectively (risk difference 20.05%; 95% CI: 29.3%– 9.2%). Conclusions: Oral amoxicillin (50 mg/kg/day) twice daily is as efficacious as thrice daily

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data