Impact of environmental radiation on the health and reproductive status of fish from Chernobyl

© 2018 American Chemical Society. Aquatic organisms at Chernobyl have now been chronically exposed to environmental radiation for three decades. The biological effects of acute exposure to radiation are relatively well documented, but much less is known about the long-term effects of chronic exposure of organisms in their natural environment. Highly exposed fish in freshwater systems at Chernobyl showed morphological changes in their reproductive system in the years after the accident. However, the relatively limited scope of past studies did not allow robust conclusions to be drawn. Moreover, the level of the radiation dose at which significant effects on wildlife occur is still under debate. In the most comprehensive evaluation of the effects of chronic radiation on wild fish populations to date, the present study measures specific activities of 137Cs, 90Sr, and transuranium elements (238Pu, 239,240Pu, and 241Am), index conditions, distribution and size of oocytes, as well as environmental and biological confounding factors in two fish species perch (Perca fluviatilis) and roach (Rutilus rutilus) from seven lakes. In addition, relative species abundance was examined. The results showed that both fish species are, perhaps surprisingly, in good general physiological and reproductive health. Perch, however, appeared to be more sensitive to radiation than roach: in the most contaminated lakes, a delay of the maturation of the gonads and the presence of several undeveloped phenotypes were evident only for perch and not for roach

Standards of specialized diabetes care. Edited by Dedov I.I., Shestakova M.V., Mayorov A.Yu. 9th edition

Dear Colleagues! We are glad to present the 9th Edition (revised) of Standards of Diabetes Care. These evidence-based guidelines were designed to standardize and facilitate diabetes care in all regions of the Russian Federation. The Standards are updated on the regular basis to incorporate new data and relevant recommendations from national and international clinical societies, including World Health Organization Guidelines (WHO, 2011, 2013), International Diabetes Federation (IDF, 2011, 2012, 2013), American Diabetes Association (ADA, 2018, 2019), American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE, 2019), International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD, 2014, 2018) and Russian Association of Endocrinologists (RAE, 2011, 2012, 2015). Current edition of the “Standards” also integrates results of completed randomized clinical trials (ADVANCE, ACCORD, VADT, UKPDS, SAVOR, TECOS, LEADER, EXAMINE, ELIXA, SUSTAIN, DEVOTE, EMPA-REG OUTCOME, CANVAS, DECLARE, CARMELINA, REWIND, etc.), as well as findings from the national studies of diabetes mellitus (DM), conducted in close partnership with a number of Russian hospitals. Latest data indicates that prevalence of DM in the world increased during the last decade more than two-fold, reaching some 463 million patients by the end of 2019. According to the current estimation by the International Diabetes Federation, 578 million patients will be suffering from diabetes mellitus by by 2030 and 700 million by 2045. Like many other countries, Russian Federation experiences a sharp rise in the prevalence of DM. According to Russian Federal Diabetes Register, there are at least 4 584 575 patients with DM in this country by the end of 2018 (3,1% of population) with 92% (4 238 503) – Type 2 DM, 6% (256 202) – Type 1 DM and 2% (89 870) – other types of DM, including 8 006 women with gestational DM. However, these results underestimates real quantity of patients, because they consider only registered cases. Results of Russian epidemiological study (NATION) con- firmed that only 54% of Type 2 DM are diagnosed. So real number of patients with DM in Russia is 9 million patients (about 6% of population). This is a great long-term problem, because a lot of patients are not diagnosed, so they don’t receive any treatment ant have high risk of vascular complications. Severe consequences of the global pandemics of DM include its vascular complications: nephropathy, retinopathy, coronary, cerebral, coronary and peripheral vascular disease. These conditions are responsible for the majority of cases of diabetes-related disability and death. In сurrent edition of the “Standards”: New goals of glycemic control for the elderly, based on the presence of functional dependence, as well as for pregnant women, children and adolescents, are given. Added a snippet that describes the continuous glucose monitoring. Only low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level is used as a target for lipid metabolism. Proposes more stringent target levels of blood pressure. It also features updated guidelines on stratification of treatment in newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes: the excess of the initial level of HbA1c over the target level was used as a criterion. In the recommendations for the personalization of the choice of antidiabetic agents, it is taken into account that in certain clinical situations (the presence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors, chronic heart failure, chronic kidney disease, obesity, the risk of hypoglycemia) certain classes of hypoglycemic agents (or individual drugs) have proven advantages. Recommendations for psychosocial support are added. The position of metabolic surgery as a method of treatment of DM with morbid obesity is updated. Recommendations for diagnostic and treatment of hypogonadism syndrome in men with DM are added. For the first time, evidence levels of confidence and credibility levels of recommendations for diagnostic, therapeutic, rehabilitative and preventive interventions based on a systematic review of the literature are given in accordance with the recommendations of the Center for Healthcare Quality Assessment and Control of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. This text represents a consensus by the absolute majority of national experts, achieved through a number of fruitful discus- sions held at national meetings and forums. These guidelines are intended for endocrinologists, primary care physicians and other medical professionals involved in the treatment of DM. On behalf of the Working Grou

Diabetes mellitus type 1 in adults

Public organization “Russian Association of Endocrinologists”. Clinical guidlines

Standards of specialized diabetes care. Edited by Dedov I.I., Shestakova M.V., Mayorov A.Yu. 10th edition

Dear Colleagues!We are glad to present the 10th Edition (revised) of the Standards of Specialized Diabetes Care. These evidence-based guidelines were designed to standardize and facilitate diabetes care in all regions of the Russian Federation.The Standards are updated on the regular basis to incorporate new data and relevant recommendations from national and international clinical societies, including World Health Organization Guidelines (WHO, 2011, 2013), International Diabetes Federation (IDF, 2011, 2012, 2013), European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD 2018, 2019), American Diabetes Association (ADA, 2018, 2019, 2021), American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE, 2020, 2021), International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD, 2018) and Russian Association of Endocrinologists (RAE, 2019). Current edition of the “Standards” also integrates results of completed randomized clinical trials (ADVANCE, ACCORD, VADT, UKPDS, SAVOR, TECOS, LEADER, EXAMINE, ELIXA, SUSTAIN, DEVOTE, EMPA-REG OUTCOME, CANVAS, DECLARE, CARMELINA, REWIND, CREDENCE, CAROLINA, DAPA-CKD, DAPA-HF, EMPEROR-Reduced trial, VERIFY, VERTIS CV, PIONEER, etc.), as well as findings from the national studies of diabetes mellitus (DM), conducted in close partnership with a number of Russian hospitals.Latest data indicates that prevalence of DM in the world increased during the last decade more than two-fold, reaching some 537 million patients by the end of 2021. According to the current estimation by the International Diabetes Federation, 643 million patients will be suffering from DM by 2030 and 784 million by 2045.Like many other countries, Russian Federation experiences a sharp rise in the prevalence of DM. According to Russian Federal Diabetes Register, there are at least 4 871 863 patients with DM in this country on 01.01.2021 (3,34% of population) with 92,3% (4 498 826)–Type 2 DM, 5,6% (271 468)–Type 1 DM and 2,1% (101 569)–other types of DM, including 9 729 women with gestational DM. However, these results underestimates real quantity of patients, because they consider only registered cases. Results of Russian epidemiological study (NATION) confirmed that only 54% of Type 2 DM are diagnosed. So real number of patients with DM in Russia is 10 million patients (about 7% of population). This is a great long-term problem, because a lot of patients are not diagnosed, so they don’t receive any treatment and have high risk of vascular complications.Severe consequences of the global pandemic of DM include its vascular complications: nephropathy, retinopathy, coronary, cerebral and peripheral vascular disease. These conditions are responsible for the majority of cases of diabetes-related disability and death.In сurrent edition of the “Standards”:New goals of glycemic control for continuous glucose monitoring (time in range, below range and above range, glucose variability) are given.It also features updated guidelines on stratification of treatment in newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes.In the recommendations for the personalization of the choice of antidiabetic agents, it is taken into account that in certain clinical situations (the presence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors, chronic heart failure, chronic kidney disease, obesity, the risk of hypoglycemia) certain classes of hypoglycemic agents (or individual drugs) have proven advantages.Indications for the use of antidiabetic agents in chronic kidney disease are expanded.Information about insulin pump therapy is added.Recommendations on vaccination are added.An algorithm for replacing some insulin preparations with others is given.This text represents a consensus by the absolute majority of national experts, achieved through a number of fruitful discussions held at national meetings and forums. These guidelines are intended for endocrinologists, primary care physicians, pediatricians and other medical professionals involved in the treatment of DM.Compared with previous edition of the Standards of Specialized Diabetes Care edited by Dedov I.I., Shestakova M.V., ­Mayorov A.Yu., 10th edition, Moscow, 2021 (signed for printing on 10.09.2021) a number of changes have been made.On behalf of the Working Grou

INFLUENCE OF BIOCOMPATIBLE COATINGS ON MAGNESIUM ON THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS

This article reports the bioactive resorptive coatings, formed on magnesium alloy substrates, using the method of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO), and their cytocompatibility with bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Were obtained the protective coatings containing hydroxyapatite with a ratio Ca/P = 1.6 close to the bone tissue index (1.67) on the magnesium alloy MA8 in the electrolyte solution containing calcium glycerophosphate and sodium fluoride in the bipolar regime of PEO. These coatings have a developed porous surface and significantly reduce the rate of corrosion of the magnesium alloy, which makes it possible to consider them as perspective for bioresorbable medical implants. Such bioactive coatings that modify the surface of magnesium provide a porous surface that promotes the strong attachment of MSCs

Electric Transfer of ions of Alloying Elements in Aluminum Alloys by Magnetohydrodynamic Melt Processing

В рамках реализации проекта 16-43-242013 р_офи_м «Влияние индуцируемого электрического поля на ионы водорода в расплаве алюминиевого сплава» при поддержке ФБУ «Российский фонд фундаментальных исследований», правительства Красноярского края, Краевого государственного автономного учреждения «Красноярский краевой фонд поддержки научной и научно-технической деятельности» разработан метод магнитногидродинамической обработки (МГДО) алюминиевых расплавов. Проведенными исследованиями показано, что индуцируемое в расплаве алюминиевого сплава 1417М электрическое поле изменяет концентрацию легирующих добавок в направлении вектора электрического поля. МГДО позволяет изменить среднее значение концентрации таких легирующих элементов, как церий и лантан, по ширине слитка на 8 и 13 % соответственно. На основании теории МГДО о перемещении в индуцируемом электрическом поле заряженных частиц можно утверждать, что в условиях эксперимента (температура 700 ºC, время охлаждения 3 мин) в алюминиевом сплаве 1417М происходит частичная ионизация атомов металлов, что позволяет перемещать их в направлении вектора электрического поля. МГДО дает возможность значительно снизить энергозатраты при осуществлении процессов электропереноса в алюминиевых сплавах. Проведена успешная апробация нового метода обработки металлических сплавов, осуществляющего электроперенос элементов внутри сплава и не требующего внедрения электродов в расплав и сооружения высоковольтных установокIn the framework of the project 16-43-242013 р_офи_м «Effect of induced electric field on the ions of hydrogen in molten aluminum alloy», with the support of FBU «Russian Foundation for basic research» of the Krasnoyarsk Krai government, Regional state Autonomous institution «Krasnoyarsk regional Fund of support of scientific and scientific-technical activities» developed a method magnetohydrodynamically treatment (MHDT) aluminum melts. Conducted studies have shown that induced in the molten aluminum alloy 1417М electric field changes the concentration of alloying elements in the direction of the electric field. MHDT allows you to change the average value of the concentration of alloying elements such as cerium and lanthanum by the width of the ingot 8 and 13 %, respectively. On the basis of the theory of MHDT on the movement induced in the electric field of charged particles, it can be argued that in the experimental conditions (temperature 700 ºC, cooling time 3 min) in aluminum alloy 1417М there is a partial ionization of metal atoms, which allows to move them in the direction of the vector of the electric field. MHDT, can significantly reduce the energy consumption in the processes of electric transfer elements in aluminum alloys. Conducted successful testing of a new method of processing of metal alloys, those electrical transfer elements inside of the alloy and does not require the introduction of electrodes into the melt and installations high voltage installation

Electric Transfer of ions of Alloying Elements in Aluminum Alloys by Magnetohydrodynamic Melt Processing

В рамках реализации проекта 16-43-242013 р_офи_м «Влияние индуцируемого электрического поля на ионы водорода в расплаве алюминиевого сплава» при поддержке ФБУ «Российский фонд фундаментальных исследований», правительства Красноярского края, Краевого государственного автономного учреждения «Красноярский краевой фонд поддержки научной и научно-технической деятельности» разработан метод магнитногидродинамической обработки (МГДО) алюминиевых расплавов. Проведенными исследованиями показано, что индуцируемое в расплаве алюминиевого сплава 1417М электрическое поле изменяет концентрацию легирующих добавок в направлении вектора электрического поля. МГДО позволяет изменить среднее значение концентрации таких легирующих элементов, как церий и лантан, по ширине слитка на 8 и 13 % соответственно. На основании теории МГДО о перемещении в индуцируемом электрическом поле заряженных частиц можно утверждать, что в условиях эксперимента (температура 700 ºC, время охлаждения 3 мин) в алюминиевом сплаве 1417М происходит частичная ионизация атомов металлов, что позволяет перемещать их в направлении вектора электрического поля. МГДО дает возможность значительно снизить энергозатраты при осуществлении процессов электропереноса в алюминиевых сплавах. Проведена успешная апробация нового метода обработки металлических сплавов, осуществляющего электроперенос элементов внутри сплава и не требующего внедрения электродов в расплав и сооружения высоковольтных установокIn the framework of the project 16-43-242013 р_офи_м «Effect of induced electric field on the ions of hydrogen in molten aluminum alloy», with the support of FBU «Russian Foundation for basic research» of the Krasnoyarsk Krai government, Regional state Autonomous institution «Krasnoyarsk regional Fund of support of scientific and scientific-technical activities» developed a method magnetohydrodynamically treatment (MHDT) aluminum melts. Conducted studies have shown that induced in the molten aluminum alloy 1417М electric field changes the concentration of alloying elements in the direction of the electric field. MHDT allows you to change the average value of the concentration of alloying elements such as cerium and lanthanum by the width of the ingot 8 and 13 %, respectively. On the basis of the theory of MHDT on the movement induced in the electric field of charged particles, it can be argued that in the experimental conditions (temperature 700 ºC, cooling time 3 min) in aluminum alloy 1417М there is a partial ionization of metal atoms, which allows to move them in the direction of the vector of the electric field. MHDT, can significantly reduce the energy consumption in the processes of electric transfer elements in aluminum alloys. Conducted successful testing of a new method of processing of metal alloys, those electrical transfer elements inside of the alloy and does not require the introduction of electrodes into the melt and installations high voltage installation