Phytocenotic features of Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hill. in Ukrainian Polesie

Middle-aged pine and birch-pine forests of the Dicrano-Pinenion suballiance are the most common biotopes of Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hill. in Ukrainian Polesie. This species occurs mostly as solitary plants in forest phytocenoses; rarely its projective coverage can reach 40-45%. C. vulgaris has the highest constancy in phytocenoses of the Peucedano-Pinetum association in Right-bank Polesie. The forests of the Piceo-Vaccinienion uliginosi Seibert in Oberd. (ed.) 1992 suballiance and the Piceion excelsae Pawłowski et al. 1928 alliance are rare habitats of C. vulgaris; they occur only in Right-bank Polesie of Ukraine. Heathlands are rare ecosystems for Ukrainian Polesie, their vegetation is represented by plant communities of the Calluno-Ulicetea Br.-Bl. et Tx. ex Klika et Hadač 1944 and the Nardetea strictae Rivas Goday et Borja Carbonell in Rivas Goday et Mayor Lopez 1966 classes. They are forming in the significantly anthropogenically disrupted territories (e.g. areas after wildfires) or in the areas with intensive human activities, firstly in the military training areas. The phytocenoses of the Calluno-Genistetum pilosae R. Tx. 1937 association occur only in Right-bank Polesie and are the largest heathlands of Ukrainian Polesie in general. For example, in the Rivne region, their area is up to 20 km2. The area of heathlands, belonging to the Calluno-Nardetum strictae Hrync. 1959 association, does not exceed several hectares. The phytocenoses of the Scabioso canescentis-Genistetum Balcerk. et Brzeg 1993 association are represented with small plots in landscapes of pine forests and less frequently in mixed forests on upland terraces of Left-bank Polesie rivers. The characteristic feature of Calluna vulgaris spreading in Right-bank Polesie of Ukraine is its large participation (sometimes with the projective cover up to 80%) and high constancy (92,7%) in phytocenoses of oligotrophic bogs of the Ledo-Sphagnetum magellanici (Malc. 1929) Kästner et Flössner 1933 association. The populations of Calluna vulgaris, explored in the forest phytocenoses of the Cladonio-Pinetum Juraszek 1927 association on the territory of Ukrainian Polesie, are incomplete. Their age spectrum maximum falls on generative individuals. The “Right-bank” population of Calluna vulgaris are characterized by more active proliferation of plants and spreading on new territories. Aging processes dominate among the “left-bank” populations. Generally, environmental conditions of Ukrainian Right-bank Polesie are more favorable to Calluna vulgaris, than conditions of Left-bank Polesie

Дослідження стійкості геометричних параметрів модифікованої деревини під дією вологи

The object of research is a promising structural material – modified wood. Extending the use of wood while maintaining structural characteristics is a promising area of research. Modification of wood in accordance with structural requirements, taking into account sanitary and other requirements, is an important task. The most common modification technologies are impregnation. Pressure autoclaving wood requires sophisticated equipment to create unprofitable pressure. Impregnation by the condensation method or the method of «cold and hot baths» significantly reduces the cost of obtaining modified wood. The study of the stability of the geometric dimensions of modified wood under the moisture influence makes it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of the modification (impregnation) process and, as a result, evaluate the service life. Samples from pine timber (DSTU ISO 738:2018) with a size of 300–70–15 mm are used. For research, three groups of samples are selected with radial (R), tangential (T) and mixed (M) direction of wood fibers. For impregnation modification, linseed oil and drying oil were used at a concentration of 25 g/l. In accordance with the modification technology, the samples are soaked in an aqueous solution with a desiccant, then immersed in linseed oil heated to 130±10 °С, and then immersed in linseed oil at a temperature of 20 °С. The obtained samples are dried under atmospheric conditions and soaked in water for 24 hours to study the stability of geometric dimensions. As a result of studies, it is found that the optimal temperature for heating the samples is the range 120–140 °C. It is also found that the most resistant to changes in geometric dimensions are samples with a mixed direction of the fibers (M), in which size changes are 0.5 % compared to dry samples. Regardless of the direction of the fibers, the moisture absorption of the modified samples is 0.07 vol. %, which is of great practical interest.Объектом исследований является перспективный конструкционный материал – модифицированная древесина. Увеличение срока использования древесины при условии сохранения конструкционных характеристик – перспективное направление исследований. Модификация древесины в соответствии с конструкционными требованиями и с учетом санитарных и других требований – важная задача. Наиболее распространенная технология модификации – пропитка. Автоклавная пропитка древесины под давлением требует сложного оборудования для образования избыточного давления. Пропитка конденсационным методом, или методом «холодных и горячих ванн» значительно уменьшает себестоимость получения модифицированной древесины. Исследование устойчивости геометрических размеров модифицированной древесины под действием влаги дает возможность оценить эффективность процесса модификации (пропитки) и как следствие оценить срок службы. В исследованиях использовались образцы из соснового бруса (ДСТУ ISO 738:2018) размером 300´70´15 мм. Для проведения исследований выбирали три группы образцов с радиальным (Р), тангенциальным (Т) и смешанным (С) направлением волокон древесины. Для модификации пропиткой использовали льняное масло и сиккатив в концентрации 25 г/л. В соответствии с технологией модификации образцы замачивали в водном растворе с сиккативом, дальше погружали в льняное масло нагретое до 130±10 °С, а затем погружали в льняное масло при температуре 20 °С. Полученные образцы высушивали в атмосферных условиях и для исследования устойчивости геометрических размеров замачивали в воде в течение суток. В результате исследований установлено, что оптимальной температурой нагрева образцов является диапазон 120–140 °С. Также установлено, что наиболее устойчивыми к изменению геометрических размеров являются образцы со смешанным направлением волокон (С), в которых изменения размеров составили 0,5 % по сравнению с сухими образцами. Независимо от направления волокон, влагопоглощение модифицированных образцов составляло 0,07 об. %, что представляет большой практический интерес.Об’єктом досліджень є перспективний конструкційний матеріал – модифікована деревина. Збільшення терміну використання деревини за умови збереження конструкційних характеристик – перспективний напрямок досліджень. Модифікація деревини у відповідності до конструкційних вимог з урахуванням санітарних та інших вимог – важлива задача. Найбільш поширені технології модифікації – просочення. Автоклавне просочення деревени під тиском вимагає складного устаткування для утворення збиткового тиску. Просочення конденсаційним методом, або методом «холодних та гарячих ванн», значно зменшує собівартість отримання модифікованої деревини. Дослідження стійкості геометричних розмірів модифікованої деревини під дією вологи дає можливість оцінити ефективність процесу модифікації (просочення) і як наслідок оцінити термін використання. В дослідженнях використовувались зразки з соснового брусу (ДСТУ ISO 738:2018) розміром 300´70´15 мм. Для проведення досліджень вибирали три групи зразків з радіальним (Р), тангенціальним (Т) та змішаним (З) напрямом волокон деревини. Для модифікації просоченням використовували лляну олію та сикатив в концентрації 25 г/л. У відповідності до технології модифікації зразки замочували у водному розчині з сикативом, далі занурювали в лляну олію нагріту до 130±10 °С, а потім занурювали в лляну олію при температурі 20 °С. Отримані зразки висушували в атмосферних умовах і для дослідження стійкості геометричних розмірів замочували у воді протягом доби. В результаті досліджень встановлено, що оптимальною температурою нагрівання зразків є діапазон 120–140 °С. Також встановлено, що найбільш стійкими до зміни геометричних розмірів є зразки зі змішаним напрямом волокон (З), в яких зміни розмірів склали 0,5 % у порівнянні з сухими зразками. Незалежно від напряму волокон, вологопоглинання модифікованих зразків становило 0,07 об. %, що становить великий практичний інтерес

Cardiovascular Risk Reduction with Icosapent Ethyl for Hypertriglyceridemia

BACKGROUND Patients with elevated triglyceride levels are at increased risk for ischemic events. Icosapent ethyl, a highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester, lowers triglyceride levels, but data are needed to determine its effects on ischemic events. METHODS We performed a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving patients with established cardiovascular disease or with diabetes and other risk factors, who had been receiving statin therapy and who had a fasting triglyceride level of 135 to 499 mg per deciliter (1.52 to 5.63 mmol per liter) and a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level of 41 to 100 mg per deciliter (1.06 to 2.59 mmol per liter). The patients were randomly assigned to receive 2 g of icosapent ethyl twice daily (total daily dose, 4 g) or placebo. The primary end point was a composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, coronary revascularization, or unstable angina. The key secondary end point was a composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke. RESULTS A total of 8179 patients were enrolled (70.7% for secondary prevention of cardiovascular events) and were followed for a median of 4.9 years. A primary end-point event occurred in 17.2% of the patients in the icosapent ethyl group, as compared with 22.0% of the patients in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68 to 0.83; P<0.001); the corresponding rates of the key secondary end point were 11.2% and 14.8% (hazard ratio, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.83; P<0.001). The rates of additional ischemic end points, as assessed according to a prespecified hierarchical schema, were significantly lower in the icosapent ethyl group than in the placebo group, including the rate of cardiovascular death (4.3% vs. 5.2%; hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.98; P=0.03). A larger percentage of patients in the icosapent ethyl group than in the placebo group were hospitalized for atrial fibrillation or flutter (3.1% vs. 2.1%, P=0.004). Serious bleeding events occurred in 2.7% of the patients in the icosapent ethyl group and in 2.1% in the placebo group (P=0.06). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with elevated triglyceride levels despite the use of statins, the risk of ischemic events, including cardiovascular death, was significantly lower among those who received 2 g of icosapent ethyl twice daily than among those who received placebo. (Funded by Amarin Pharma; REDUCE-IT ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01492361

Omecamtiv mecarbil in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, GALACTIC‐HF: baseline characteristics and comparison with contemporary clinical trials

Aims: The safety and efficacy of the novel selective cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is tested in the Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure (GALACTIC‐HF) trial. Here we describe the baseline characteristics of participants in GALACTIC‐HF and how these compare with other contemporary trials. Methods and Results: Adults with established HFrEF, New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA) ≥ II, EF ≤35%, elevated natriuretic peptides and either current hospitalization for HF or history of hospitalization/ emergency department visit for HF within a year were randomized to either placebo or omecamtiv mecarbil (pharmacokinetic‐guided dosing: 25, 37.5 or 50 mg bid). 8256 patients [male (79%), non‐white (22%), mean age 65 years] were enrolled with a mean EF 27%, ischemic etiology in 54%, NYHA II 53% and III/IV 47%, and median NT‐proBNP 1971 pg/mL. HF therapies at baseline were among the most effectively employed in contemporary HF trials. GALACTIC‐HF randomized patients representative of recent HF registries and trials with substantial numbers of patients also having characteristics understudied in previous trials including more from North America (n = 1386), enrolled as inpatients (n = 2084), systolic blood pressure &lt; 100 mmHg (n = 1127), estimated glomerular filtration rate &lt; 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 528), and treated with sacubitril‐valsartan at baseline (n = 1594). Conclusions: GALACTIC‐HF enrolled a well‐treated, high‐risk population from both inpatient and outpatient settings, which will provide a definitive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this novel therapy, as well as informing its potential future implementation

Wydajność owsa bezłuskowego w zależności od zastosowania preparatu mikrobiologicznego i regulatora wzrostu roślin

Background. Investigations were performed to clarify the complex effect of different rates of microbial preparation Melanoriz (Glomus sp., Aspergillus terreus, Trichoderma lignorum, Trichoderma viride, Bacillus macerans, Arthrobacter sp., Bacillus subtilis, Paenibacillus polymyxa, total number of viable cells $2.5×10^7 CFU∙ml^(-1)$) under the different methods of using plant growth regulator Agrolight (polyethylene glycol–400 + polyethylene glycol–1500, total content of $770 g∙dm^(-3)$, salts of humic acids, $30 g∙dm^(-3)$) on the formation of the aboveground biomass by hulless oats plants, net productivity of photosynthesis and grain yield. Material and methods. The experiments were performed in the hulless oats (Avena sativa subsp. nudisativa (Husnot) Rod. et Sold., Avena sativa L. species) of Myrsem variety using generally accepted methods in agronomic practice. Results. During the experiment, it was found that the aboveground biomass, net productivity of photosynthesis, grain yield of hulless oats and the thousand grain weight varied depending on the combination of the microbial preparation use in different rates with the plant growth regulator. However, these indicators were the highest in variants of Melanoriz at the rate of $1.5 dm^3∙Mg^(-1)$ + Agrolight at the rate of $0.26 dm^3∙Mg^(-1)$ (pre-sowing seed treatment) followed by spraying the crops with Agrolight ($1.0 dm^3∙ha^(-1)$). Conclusion. The aboveground biomass of oats plants in the flowering stage (BBCH 61–69) increased by 21%, net productivity of photosynthesis – by 13%, grain yield – by $0.86 Mg∙ha^(-1)$ , thousand grain weight – by 12% under this combination of preparations, which gives grounds for the further use of this composition of preparations in hulless oats with the aim of biologization of its cultivation technologies.Badania przeprowadzono w celu wyjaśnienia złożonego działania różnych dawek preparatu mikrobiologicznego Melanoriz (Glomus sp., Aspergillus terreus, Trichoderma lignorum, Trichoderma viride, Bacillus macerans, Arthrobacter sp., Bacillus subtilis, Paenibacillus polymyxa, ogólna liczba żywych komórek $2.5×10^7 CFU∙ml^(-1)$) w ramach różnych metod stosowania regulatora wzrostu roślin Agrolight (polyethylene glycol-400 + polyethylene glycol-1500, ogólna zawartość $770 g∙dm^(-3)$, sole kwasów humusowych, 3$30 g∙dm^(-3)$) na kształtowanie nadziemnej biomasy, produktywność netto fotosyntezy i plon ziarna owsa bezłuskowego. Badania przeprowadzono na owsie bezłuskowym (Avena sativa subsp. nudisativa (Husnot) Rod. et Sold., Avena sativa L.) odmiany Myrsem przy użyciu metod ogólnie przyjętych w praktyce rolniczej. W trakcie eksperymentu stwierdzono, że biomasa nadziemna, produktywność netto fotosyntezy, plon oraz masa tysiąca ziaren owsa bezłuskowego uległy zmianie w zależności od zastosowanego preparatu mikrobiologicznego w różnych dawkach z regulatorem wzrostu roślin. Okazało się, że oceniane parametry owsa bezłuskowego były największe w wariantach Melanoriz w dawce 1,5 dm3∙Mg-1 + Agrolight w dawce $0.26 dm^3∙Mg^(-1)$ (zaprawa przedsiewna) z opryskiwaniem upraw Agrolightem ($1.0 dm^3∙ha^(-1)$). W fazie kwitnienia owsa bezłuskowego (BBCH 61-69) uzyskano wzrost biomasy nadziemnej o 21%, produktywności netto fotosyntezy – o 13%, plonu ziarna – o $0.86 Mg∙ha^(-1)$, masy tysiąca ziaren – o 12% – w wyniku łącznego stosowania preparatów. Daje to podstawy do zastosowania Melanoriz $1,5 dm^3∙Mg^(-1)$ + Agrolight $0,26 dm^3∙Mg^(-1)$ + Agrolight $1,0 dm^3∙ha^(-1)$ w uprawie proekologicznej owsa bezłuskowego

The Methodology for Formation of National Nutrition Policy

The materials of the study of management processes in the food service industry based on the criteria of composition of tasks of establishments’ activities, their participation in the integration process of production, sale and organization of food consumption and catering services are outlined. A model of nature-aligned development of the food service industry as a natural and socio-economic system is proposed. Priority directions of the national nutrition policy are determined on the basis of integration of participants in the process of organizing catering. There justified methodological approaches to the formation of a management model for development of enterprises in the food services industry by stages of preparing and making decisions on integration of business entities, including enterprises of the agrarian sector, food industry, trade, restaurant business and households

The influence of agrotechnical measures on the number of melanin-synthesizing microorganisms

In connection with the growing scale of soil dehumification, studies of the patterns of synthesis of the precursors of humus molecules – melanins of bacterial origin – are becoming increasingly relevant. The purpose of this study was to establish the influence of the main factors of agricultural production on the spread of melaninsynthesizing microorganisms: the method of basic soil cultivation, mineral fertilizers, and the type of agricultural crop. Research methods: microbiological, laboratory-analytical, statistical, correlational. As a result, the study found for the first time that the main cultivation of the soil affects the number of melaninsynthesizing microorganisms: micromycetes, bacteria, аzotobacter. In the variant without the application of mineral fertilizers (control), the soil was characterized by the minimum amount of melanin-synthesizing bacteria using the No-till technology, 28.8% more – using disking, and 2.4 times more – using ploughing. The number of melaninsynthesizing micromycetes in the variant without fertilizers was also maximum upon ploughing, the average number was observed with No-till technologies, and the minimum number – using shallow disk tillage. Application of mineral fertilizers in a dose of N30P30K65 leads to an increase in the number of melanin-synthesizing bacteria in the ploughing option by 3.58 times, disking by 3.53 times, No-till technology by 2.28 times. An increase in the dose of mineral fertilizers to N150P100K120 contributes to an increase in the number of melanin-synthesizing bacteria by 5.04 times upon ploughing, 5.78 times upon disking, and 2.24 times upon no-till technologies. The medium-significant nature of the relationship between the content of humus and the number of melanin-synthesizing bacteria (r=0.528) and their share in the total number of microorganisms (r=0.470) suggested that in chernozem inherent in growing sunflowers, humus is formed mainly with the participation melanins of bacterial origin. Metabolites of polysaccharide-synthesizing bacteria take part in the formation of the resistance of humus molecules to microbial mineralization, the probability of the formation of colonies of which has a moderately significant relationship with the content of humus (r=0.532). The results of these studies can be used in the development of recommendations for regulating the content of humus in agricultural soils, preventing its excessive mineralization, which will allow preserving and increasing soil fertilit

ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНА ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ФОТОЕЛЕКТРИЧНОЇ СИСТЕМИ З ВОДЯНИМ ОХОЛОДЖЕННЯМ

Computer simulation of photovoltaic solar system with cooling in SolidWorks 2014 was carried. Regression analysis was performed and the functional dependences for the useful heat and electric power, drive power of the pump for water flow, and energy characteristics of the system from the flow of cooling water were obtained. The total net system capacity at optimum flow of cooling water was determined.Проведено компьютерное моделирование фотоэлектрической солнечной системы с охлаждением в программном обеспечении SolidWorks 2014. Выполнен регрессионный анализ и получены функциональные зависимости полезной тепловой и электрической мощностей, мощности привода насоса для подачи воды и энергетической характеристики системы от расхода охлаждающей воды. Определена суммарная полезная мощность системы при оптимальном расходе охлаждающей воды.Проведено комп'ютерне моделювання фотоелектричної сонячної системи з охолодженням, в програмному забезпеченні SolidWorks 2014. Виконано регресійний аналіз, і отримані функціональні залежності корисної теплової та електричної потужностей, потужності приводу насоса для подачі води і енергетичної характеристики системи від витрати охолоджуючої води. Визначена сумарна корисна потужність системи при оптимальній витраті охолоджуючої води

Analysis of high-intensity physical activity biological feasibility within the framework of children health training

Epidemiological surveys reflect a negative trend in functional indicators for children’s physical health. In recent surveys it is experimentally proved that unlike other methods of training, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) produces prevailing positive effect onto the indicators of physical and functional condition of children with poor health. However, the review of studies suggests that the stated idea turns to be controversial. There is the evidence of possible negative effects of intense physical activity due to the low level biological reliability of adaptation mechanisms and other anatomical and physiological characteristics of children. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a scientifically based conceptual model of timeline for children’s health training in which the central health impetus will be HIIT