31 research outputs found
The relationships between functional and dysfunctional impulsivity and aggression across different samples
E. S. Barratt proposed the term impulsive aggression to define a kind of aggression that is characterized by acting without thinking because of high levels of impulsivity. Previous research using psychometric measures has shown that impulsivity and aggression are related as far as psychometric measures are concerned. Nevertheless, most of the research has been done with samples of university students. Our research tests whether this relationship is stable across different samples; university students, teenagers and workers. Our results show that impulsivity and aggression have a consistent pattern of relationships across these samples, with impulsivity being specially related to emotional and instrumental aspects of aggression. Furthermore, the effects of anger on aggression seem to show a pattern of relationship that depends on age, with a tendency to physical aggression in young people and verbal aggression in adults.E. S. Barratt ha propuesto el término agresión impulsiva para definir un tipo de agresión que se caracteriza por actuar sin pensar debido a altos niveles de impulsividad. Investigaciones anteriores con medidas psicométricas han mostrado que impulsividad y agresión están relacionadas en lo que a las medidas psicométricas se refiere. Sin embargo, la mayorÃa de las investigaciones han empleado muestras de estudiantes universitarios. Nuestro trabajo trata de comprobar si esta relación se mantiene en muestras diferentes. Nuestros resultados indican que impulsividad y agresión muestran una pauta de relación consistente across these samples, estando la impulsividad especialmente relacionada con los aspectos emocionales e instrumentales de la agresión. Además, los efectos de la ira sobre la agresión muestran al parecer una pauta de relación dependiente de la edad, encontrándose una tendencia a la agresión fÃsica en gente joven y la agresión verbal en adultos
Salud y seguridad laboral en la industria del transporte (TRANS-12): estructura factorial, fiabilidad y validez
Background: This study sets out the psychometric properties of the TRANS-18 scale and of a shorter version, the TRANS-12, both designed to detect safe behaviors (personal and vehicle-related) and psychophysiological disorders among professional drivers. Method: The investigation was divided into Study 1, into the factorial structure, reliability and validity of the TRANS-18, and Study 2, looking into the same aspects of the TRANS-12. The participants in both studies were resident in Spain. 272 professional drivers took part in Study 1, while Study 2 had 326 participants. Results: A confirmatory factor analysis was carried out for both studies. The results for Study 1 confirm an internal structure of three factors related to psychophysiological disorders and personal and vehicle-related safety behaviors, but the original TRANS-18 is discarded because it does not fit the model. With regard to Study 2, the results show a good fit of the three-factor model, appropriate reliability and evidence of validity. Conclusions: We conclude by considering the suitability of the psychometric properties of the TRANS-12 and its utility for identifying safe behaviors in work in the transport industry.Antecedentes: Este estudio expone las propiedades psicométricas de la escala TRANS-18 y de una versión más corta, el TRANS-12, ambos diseñados para detectar conductas seguras (personales y relacionadas con el vehÃculo) y trastornos psicofisiológicos entre conductores profesionales. Método: La investigación se divide en dos. Estudio 1, estructura factorial, fiabilidad y validez del TRANS-18, y Estudio 2, se estudian los mismos aspectos en el TRANS-12. Los participantes en ambos estudios fueron residentes en España. 272 conductores profesionales participaron en el Estudio 1, mientras que el Estudio 2 participaron 326 conductores. Resultados: Se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio para ambos estudios. Los resultados del Estudio 1 confirman una estructura interna de tres factores relacionados con los trastornos psicofisiológicos y las conductas de seguridad personales y con el vehÃculo, pero el TRANS-18 original se descarta por no ajustarse al modelo. Con respecto al Estudio 2, los resultados muestran un buen ajuste del modelo de tres factores, la fiabilidad apropiada y la evidencia de validez. Conclusiones: Concluimos considerando la idoneidad de las propiedades psicométricas del TRANS-12 y su utilidad para identificar comportamientos seguros en el trabajo en la industria del transporte
Leucemia aguda linfoblástica en niños. EpidemiologÃa y factores pronóstico.
La leucemia linfoblástica aguda es el cáncer más frecuente en niños. En Aragón no existÃa ninguna revisión sobre los niños afectos por esta enfermedad. Se ha realizado un estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y analÃtico desde el año 2001 al 2012, revisando las historias clÃnicas de los pacientes, recogiendo variables epidemiológicas, clÃnicas, analÃticas y de seguimiento. Se ha clasificado a los pacientes según criterios del grupo PETHEMA. Un total de 67 pacientes han sido estudiados. La edad media ha sido de 6,05 años (DS ±4,06) con una relación 1,48:1 casos varones respecto mujeres. La fiebre ha sido el sÃntoma de presentación más frecuente, sobretodo en los niños más pequeños. La citomorfologÃa más común según la FAB ha sido L2 y la mutación genética más frecuente la t(12;21). Los datos recogidos son similares a los publicados en la literatura. La supervivencia libre de eventos (SLE) del total de pacientes ha sido de 80,6%, con una media de seguimiento de 140,6 meses (DS ±7,48), siendo algo peor para los varones. El grupo de bajo riesgo presenta una SLE de 83,8%, el de riesgo intermedio de 80% y el de alto riesgo del 60%, diferencias no significativas. Tampoco existen diferencias significativas según datos analÃticos al diagnóstico ni según ingresos producidos por neutropenia febril. Estos datos reflejan la similitud de nuestra muestra con las publicadas. Futuros estudios son necesarios para comparar estos datos con los actuales y poder desarrollar nuevos protocolos que aumenten aún más la supervivencia y disminuÃan los efectos secundarios producidos por el tratamiento
La curiosidad como variable moderadora entre la Impulsividad y la Orientación Emprendedora
The objective of the present study is to analyze whether the variable Curiosity is a moderating variable between Impulsivity and Entrepreneurial Orientation. The multi-occupational sample of 883 Spanish and Colombian employees (49% men, 51% women) was obtained through non-probabilistic sampling. The data collected were processed with the SPSS 23.0 program. Statistically significant correlations were found among all the research variables except for Functional Impulsivity. Finally, empirical evidence indicates that Curiosity-D plays a moderating role between Dysfunctional Impulsivity and Entrepreneurial Orientation in the sense that Curiosity-D (understood as a quantitative variable) affects the intensity of the relationship between Dysfunctional Impulsivity (predictor variable) and Entrepreneurial Orientation (criterion variable).El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar si la curiosidad es una variable moderadora entre la Impulsividad y la Orientación Emprendedora. Se utiliza una muestra multiocupacional de 883 empleados españoles (49 % hombres, 51 % mujeres), obtenidos mediante un muestreo no probabilÃstico. Se ha utilizado el programa SPSS 23.0. Se encontraron correlaciones estadÃsticamente significativas entre todas las variables de la investigación a excepcion de la impulsividad Funcional. Finalmente, la evidencia empÃrica indica que la Curiosidad-D tiene un papel moderador entre la impulsividad Disfuncional y la Orientación Emprendedora mostrada, en el sentido de que la Curiosidad-D (entendida como una variable cuantitativa) afecta la intensidad de la relación entre la Impulsividad Disfuncional (variable predictora) y la Orientación Emprendedora (variable de criterio)
Efecto del clima psicosocial del grupo y de la personalidad en el sÃndrome de quemado en el trabajo en docentes
The present study evaluates how psychosocial group climate and personality affects burnout syndrome (BS) in teachers of infant, primary and secondary education. To do so questionnaires were administered to evaluate psychosocial climate, personality and burnout in a sample of 386 teachers. The study analyzes the relation between these variables and the extent to which the variables of climate and personality allow a predictive model of burnout to be established by means of multiple regression analysis. The results showed that both psychosocial climate (particularly the degree of disorganization) and personality (particularly emotional stability) influence burnout and, although climate factors seem to be better predictors of BS, the use of personality measurements increases the predictive capacity of the syndrome. Therefore, the joint use of these types of predictor increases our ability to establish models that can prevent BS in teaching environmentsEl presente estudio evalúa las relaciones de la percepción del clima psicosocial y de la personalidad con el sÃndrome de quemado en el trabajo (SQT) o burnout en docentes de educación infantil, primaria y secundaria con este fin se administraron cuestionarios para evaluar el clima psicosocial, la personalidad y el burnout a una muestra de 386 docentes. Se analizaron las relaciones entre dichas variables y se analizó hasta qué punto las variables de clima y personalidad permiten establecer un modelo predictivo del SQT mediante el análisis de regresión múltiple. Los resultados mostraron que tanto el clima psicosocial (especialmente el grado de desorganización) como la personalidad (especialmente la amabilidad) influyen en el burnout y, aunque los factores de clima parecen ser mejores predictores del SQT, la utilización de medidas de personalidad incrementan la capacidad predictiva de dicho sÃndrome. De este modo la utilización conjunta de estos dos tipos de predictores mejoran la capacidad de establecer modelos que permitan la prevención del SQT en entornos docentes
Understanding the impact of brain disorders: Towards a 'horizontal epidemiology' of psychosocial difficulties and their determinants
Objective
To test the hypothesis of ‘horizontal epidemiology’, i.e. that psychosocial difficulties (PSDs),
such as sleep disturbances, emotional instability and difficulties in personal interactions,
and their environmental determinants are experienced in common across neurological and
psychiatric disorders, together called brain disorders.
Study Design
A multi-method study involving systematic literature reviews, content analysis of patientreported
outcomes and outcome instruments, clinical input and a qualitative study was
carried out to generate a pool of PSD and environmental determinants relevant for nine different
brain disorders, namely epilepsy, migraine, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease,
stroke, dementia, depression, schizophrenia and substance dependency. Information from
these sources was harmonized and compiled, and after feedback from external experts, a
data collection protocol including PSD and determinants common across these nine disorders
was developed. This protocol was implemented as an interview in a cross-sectional
Objective
To test the hypothesis of ‘horizontal epidemiology’, i.e. that psychosocial difficulties (PSDs),
such as sleep disturbances, emotional instability and difficulties in personal interactions,
and their environmental determinants are experienced in common across neurological and
psychiatric disorders, together called brain disorders.
Study Design
A multi-method study involving systematic literature reviews, content analysis of patientreported
outcomes and outcome instruments, clinical input and a qualitative study was
carried out to generate a pool of PSD and environmental determinants relevant for nine different
brain disorders, namely epilepsy, migraine, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease,
stroke, dementia, depression, schizophrenia and substance dependency. Information from
these sources was harmonized and compiled, and after feedback from external experts, a
data collection protocol including PSD and determinants common across these nine disorders
was developed. This protocol was implemented as an interview in a cross-sectionalThe PARADISE project is supported by the
Coordination Theme 1 (Health) of the European
Community’s FP7, Grant Agreement No. HEALTHF2-
2009-241572
Development of an Expert-Based Scoring System for Early Identification of Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity in Primary Care Settings – the PIDCAP Project
Early diagnosis of inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) has been shown to reduce mortality, morbidity, and healthcare costs. The need for early diagnosis has led to the development of computational tools that trigger earlier clinical suspicion by physicians. Primary care professionals serve as the first line for improving early diagnosis. To this end, a computer-based tool (based on extended Jeffrey Modell Foundation (JMF) Warning Signs) was developed to assist physicians with diagnosis decisions for IEIs in the primary care setting. Two expert-guided scoring systems (one pediatric, one adult) were developed. IEI warning signs were identified and a panel of 36 experts reached a consensus on which signs to include and how they should be weighted. The resulting scoring system was tested against a retrospective registry of patients with confirmed IEI using primary care EHRs. A pilot study to assess the feasibility of implementation in primary care was conducted. The scoring system includes 27 warning signs for pediatric patients and 24 for adults, adding additional clinically relevant criteria established by expert consensus to the JMF Warning Signs. Cytopenias, >= 2 systemic infections, recurrent fever and bronchiectasis were the leading warning signs in children, as bronchiectasis, autoimmune diseases, cytopenias, and > 3 pneumonias were in adults. The PIDCAP (Primary Immune Deficiency Centre d'Atenci & oacute; Prim & agrave;ria that stands for Primary Care Center in Catalan) tool was implemented in the primary care workstation in a pilot area. The expert-based approach has the potential to lessen under-reporting and minimize diagnostic delays of IEIs. It can be seamlessly integrated into clinical primary care workstations
Consenso sobre la vacunación frente a la gripe en el personal sanitario
Health care workers (HCW) are included each year among risk groups for vaccination against influenza. However, vaccination coverage among this group in our country is very low, not exceeding 25%. Convinced that one of the best tools to increase this coverage among professionals in our country are the scientific evidence, 19 scientific societies and associations professionals bringing together health professionals more directly related to influenza as an health problem, and the General Nursing Council, met to discuss and develop this consensus document in order to inform HCW about the appropriateness of their vaccination against influenza and the benefits that flow from it for themselves, for their patients and for the rest of the population. This recommendation is based on 3 pillars: argument of necessity, ethics and exemplary
Personalidad, estrategias cognitivas y tiempo de inspección
In this paper the chronometric measures, Inspection Time (IT) and Reaction Time (RT) were
used to study the effects of individual differences on extrovertion in a perceptual discrimination task.
Subjects belonged to the extreme group of introverts (n=10) and extroverts (n=10) as assessed by the
Eysenck Personality Inventory. In accordance with Bretner�s (1980) and Tous� (1986) model we
hypothesised that the extrovert�s IT would be longer than the introvert�s, and the extrovert�s RT
would be shorter than the introvert�s RT. Results indicated the existence of differences in IT and RT
between extroverts and introverts, but these differences were related to the differential use of the
response strategy in the tasks used by the groups of subjects.En el presente trabajo se han empleado las medidas cronométricas de Tiempo de Inspección
(TI) y Tiempo de Reacción (TR) para estudiar los efectos de las diferencias individuales en
extroversión sobre una tarea de discriminación perceptual. Para ello se utilizaron dos grupos de
sujetos que habÃan obtenido puntuaciones máximas y mÃnimas en la dimensión Extroversión del Test
EPI de H. J. Eysenck. Se postuló que los extrovertidos obtendrÃan un TI más corto que los
introvertidos y asimismo un TR también más corto, de acuerdo a los modelos de Brebner (1980) y
Tous (1986). Los resultados indicaron que si bien existieron diferencias entre extrovertidos e
introvertidos en cuanto a las medidas cronométricas, estas diferencias dependieron del uso diferencial
de estrategias de resolver la tarea que fueron utilizadas por estos sujeto
Personalidad, estrategias cognitivas y tiempo de inspección
In this paper, the chronometric measures Inspection Time (IT) and Reaction Time (RT) were
used to study the effects of individual differences in extroversion on a perceptual discrimination task.
Subjects were extreme groups of introverts (n=10) and extroverts (n=10) as assessed by the Eysenck
Personality Inventory. In accordance with Brebner�s model (1980) and Tous�s model (1986) we
presuppose that the extroverts� IT would be slower than the introverts� IT and the extroverts� RT
would be faster than introverts� RT. Results indicated the existence of differences in IT and RT
between extroverts and introverts, but these differences are related to the differential use of response
strategy in the tasks utilized by the subject groupsEn el presente trabajo se han empleado las medidas cronométricas de Tiempo de Inspección
(TI) y Tiempo de Reacción (TR) para estudiar los efectos de las diferencias individuales en
extroversión sobre una tarea de discriminación perceptual. Para ello se utilizaron dos grupos de
sujetos que habÃan obtenido puntuaciones máximas y mÃnimas en la dimensión Extroversión del test
EPI de H. J. Eysenck. Se postuló que los extrovertidos obtendrÃan un TI más corto que los
introvertidos y asimismo un TR también más corto, de acuerdo a los modelos de Brebner (1980) y
Tous (1986). Los resultados indicaron que, si bien existieron diferencias entre extrovertidos e
introvertidos en cuanto a las medidas cronométricas, estas diferencias dependieron del uso diferencial
de estrategias de resolver la tarea que fueron utilizadas por estos sujeto