89 research outputs found
In memoriam: Richard zur Strassen World taxonomist in Thysanoptera (*20-xi-1926 â â 31-x-2013).
Vierbergen, Gijsbertus (2015): In memoriam: Richard zur Strassen - World taxonomist in Thysanoptera (*20-xi-1926 - â 31-x-2013). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 65 (2): 197-208, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.65.2.197-208, URL: https://www.contributions-to-entomology.org/article/view/187
Results of a survey of quarantine thrips species Thrips palmi Karny, 1925 (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Croatia in 2021
Thrips palmi Karny, 1925 polifagna je fitofagna vrsta tripsa zabiljeĹžena na biljnim vrstama iz viĹĄe od 36 porodica, posebice iz porodica Cucurbitaceae i Solanaceae. Vektor je destruktivnih biljnih tospovirusa. Pretpostavlja se da vrsta potjeÄe iz juĹžne Azije. Vrsta u EU ima status karantenskog ĹĄtetnog organizma i Äesto se presreÄe u uvoznim izvaneuropskim poĹĄiljkama rezanog cvijeÄa, plodova i povrÄa. Ĺ tetnik predstavlja ozbiljan fitosanitarni rizik za poljoprivrednu proizvodnju na podruÄju Mediteranskog bazena. ProvoÄenje programa posebnog nadzora nad ĹĄtetnim organizmom T. palmi zapoÄeto
je u Hrvatskoj 2021. godini. Vizualnim pregledima obuhvaÄeni su nasadi povrÄa u zaĹĄtiÄenim prostorima te ukrasno bilje u rasadnicima i vrtnim centrima na 34 lokaliteta u 13 Ĺžupanija. Odrasli primjerci tripsa prikupljeni su otresanjem biljaka na bijelu podlogu ili izravno finim kistom s biljnih organa te pohranjeni do laboratorijske analize u AGA mjeĹĄavini u Eppendorf epruvetama. Ukupno je obavljeno 46 vizualnih pregleda i pritom je prikupljen 101 uzorak tripsa s 43 biljne vrste za laboratorijsku analizu. Primjerci tripsa su u prikupljenim uzorcima mikroskopski identificirani do razine vrste na osnovi morfoloĹĄkih karakteristika odraslih Ĺženki, pomoÄu EPPO dijagnostiÄkog protokola PM 7/3 (3) i relevantnih kljuÄeva za identifikaciju.U prikupljenim uzorcima determinirano je 19 vrsta tripsa, od kojih su Chaetanaphothrips orchidii (Moulton, 1907) i Scirtothrips cf. canizoi Titchak, 1964 nove za faunu tripsa u Hrvatskoj. Niti u jednom analiziranom uzorku nije identificirana karantenska vrsta T. palmi.Thrips palmi Karny, 1925 is a polyphagous, phytophagous thrips species recorded on numerous plant species from more than 36 families, with species from Cucurbitaceae and Solanaceae predominating. It is a vector of destructive plant tospoviruses. It appears to have originated in Southern Asia. In the EU the species has a status as a quarantine harmful organism and it is regularly intercepted in imported non-European shipments of cut-flowers, fruits and vegetables. T. palmi presents a serious phytosanitary risk for agricultural production in the Mediterranean basin. A survey of quarantine species T. palmi started in Croatia in 2021. Visual inspections were conducted in vegetable plantations in greenhouses as well as on ornamentals in nurseries and garden centers, in 34 localities in 13 counties. Adult thrips specimens were collected by beating of plants on a white plastic tray or directly from plant organs with a fine brush and stored in AGA mixture in Eppendorf vials until laboratory analysis. Altogether 46 visual inspections were carried out and 101 samples of trips from 43 plant species were collected for laboratory analysis. Thrips from collected samples were identified to the species level on the basis of morphological characters of adult females, using classical identification method according to the EPPO diagnostic protocol PM 7/3 (3) and relevant morphological keys. Nineteen species of thrips were identified in the collected samples, of which Chaetanaphothrips orchidii (Moulton, 1907) and Scirtothrips cf. canizoi Titchak, 1964 are new for the thrips fauna in Croatia. Quarantine species T. palmi was not determined in any of the analyzed samples
Predatory mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) first recorded on cultivated plants in Slovenia in the period 2012-2017
In the period 2012-2017 we investigated the occurrence of indigenous species of predatory mites in different cultivated plants in Slovenia. In a comprehensive study we confirmed the occurrence of the following predatory mites: Amblyseius andersoni (Chant, 1957), Euseius finlandicus (Oudemans, 1915), Euseius gallicus (Kreiter & Tixier, 2009), Euseius stipulatus (Athias-Henriot, 1960), Kampimodromus abberans (Oudemans, 1930), Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor, 1954), Paraseiulus triporus (Chant & Shaul, 1982) and Phytoseius horridus (Ribaga, 1904). In the paper all seven species are presented, but for the field of biological control A. andersoni, E. gallicus and N. californicus are the most interesting species. The first two of them are already on the List of indigenous organisms for the purpose of biological control, while the third will be placed into it in the near future. All three of them have a great potential in biological control, since they can be found in different host plants
A cell type-specific cortico-subcortical brain circuit for investigatory and novelty-seeking behavior
INTRODUCTION:
Motivational drives are internal states that can be different even in similar interactions with external stimuli. Curiosity as the motivational drive for novelty-seeking and investigating the surrounding environment is for survival as essential and intrinsic as hunger. Curiosity, hunger, and appetitive aggression drive three different goal-directed behaviorsânovelty seeking, food eating, and huntingâbut these behaviors are composed of similar actions in animals. This similarity of actions has made it challenging to study novelty seeking and distinguish it from eating and hunting in nonarticulating animals. The brain mechanisms underlying this basic survival drive, curiosity, and novelty-seeking behavior have remained unclear.
RATIONALE:
In spite of having well-developed techniques to study mouse brain circuits, there are many controversial and different results in the field of motivational behavior. This has left the functions of motivational brain regions such as the zona incerta (ZI) still uncertain. Not having a transparent, nonreinforced, and easily replicable paradigm is one of the main causes of this uncertainty. Therefore, we chose a simple solution to conduct our research: giving the mouse freedom to choose what it wantsâdouble free-access choice. By examining mice in an experimental battery of object free-access double-choice (FADC) and social interaction testsâusing optogenetics, chemogenetics, calcium fiber photometry, multichannel recording electrophysiology, and multicolor mRNA in situ hybridizationâwe uncovered a cell typeâspecific cortico-subcortical brain circuit of the curiosity and novelty-seeking behavior.
RESULTS:
We analyzed the transitions within action sequences in object FADC and social interaction tests. Frequency and hidden Markov model analyses showed that mice choose different action sequences in interaction with novel objects and in early periods of interaction with novel conspecifics compared with interaction with familiar objects or later periods of interaction with conspecifics, which we categorized as deep and shallow investigation, respectively. This finding helped us to define a measure of depth of investigation that indicates how much a mouse prefers deep over shallow investigation and reflects the mouseâs motivational level to investigate, regardless of total duration of investigation.
Optogenetic activation of inhibitory neurons in medial ZI (ZIm), ZImGAD2 neurons, showed a dramatic increase in positive arousal level, depth of investigation, and duration of interaction with conspecifics and novel objects compared with familiar objects, crickets, and food. Optogenetic or chemogenetic deactivation of these neurons decreased depth and duration of investigation. Moreover, we found that ZImGAD2 neurons are more active during deep investigation as compared with during shallow investigation.
We found that activation of prelimbic cortex (PL) axons into ZIm increases arousal level, and chemogenetic deactivation of these axons decreases the duration and depth of investigation. Calcium fiber photometry of these axons showed no difference in activity between shallow and deep investigation, suggesting a nonspecific motivation.
Optogenetic activation of ZImGAD2 axons into lateral periaqueductal gray (lPAG) increases the arousal level, whereas chemogenetic deactivation of these axons decreases duration and depth of investigation. Calcium fiber photometry of these axons showed high activity during deep investigation and no significant activity during shallow investigation, suggesting a thresholding mechanism.
Last, we found a new subpopulation of inhibitory neurons in ZIm expressing tachykinin 1 (TAC1) that monosynaptically receive PL inputs and project to lPAG. Optogenetic activation and deactivation of these neurons, respectively, increased and decreased depth and duration of investigation.
CONCLUSION:
Our experiments revealed different action sequences based on the motivational level of novelty seeking. Moreover, we uncovered a new brain circuit underlying curiosity and novelty-seeking behavior, connecting excitatory neurons of PL to lPAG through TAC1+ inhibitory neurons of ZIm
Factors influencing citrus fruit scarring caused by Pezothrips kellyanus
[EN] Kelly s citrus thrips (KCT) Pezothrips kellyanus
(Bagnall) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is a recently recorded
cosmopolitan citrus pest, causing fruit scarring that results in
downgrading of fruit. Due to the detrimental effects caused
on fruits by KCT, we wanted to study some of the factors
influencing fruit scarring. Specifically, the objectives were:
(1) to determine the fruit development stage when citrus
fruits are damaged by KCT and the population structure of
KCT during this period, (2) to study the influence of temperature
on intensity of damage, and finally, (3) to identify
alternative host plants. KCT populations on flowers and
fruitlets and alternate plant hosts were sampled in four citrus
orchards from 2008 to 2010. The percentage of damaged
fruits was also recorded. The exotic vine Araujia sericifera
(Apocynaceae) was recorded as a new host for KCT. Thrips
scarring started to increase at 350 650 degree-days (DD)
above 10.2 C, coinciding with a peak abundance of the
second instar larval stages over all 3 years of the study. The
maximum percentage of larval stages of KCT was observed
in the 3 years at about 500 DD, a period which corresponds to
the end of May or early June. Variation in the severity of fruit
scarring appeared to be related to air temperature. Temperature
likely affects the synchronisation between the peak in
abundance of KCT larvae, and the period when fruitlets are
susceptible to thrips damage. Temperature can also influence
the survival and development of KCT populations in citrus
and other host plants in the citrus agro-ecosystem.The authors thank Alejandro Tena for his valuable suggestions and two anonymous referees for their careful review and helpful comments. We also extend our thanks to the owners of the commercial orchards for giving us permission to use their citrus orchards. The first author was awarded an FPI fellowship from the Polytechnic University of Valencia to obtain her PhD degree.Navarro Campos, C.; Pekas, A.; Aguilar MartĂ, MA.; Garcia MarĂ, F. (2013). Factors influencing citrus fruit scarring caused by Pezothrips kellyanus. Journal of Pest Science. (86):459-467. doi:10.1007/s10340-013-0489-7S45946786Baker GJ (2006) Kelly citrus thrips management. Fact sheet. Government of South Australia, primary industries and resources SA. http://www.sardi.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/44875/kctfact_sheet.pdf . Accessed 16 July 2012Baker GJ, Jackman DJ, Keller M, MacGregor A, Purvis S (2002) Development of an integrated pest management system for thrips in Citrus. HAL Final Report CT97007. http://www.sardi.sa.gov.au/pestsdiseases/horticulture/horticultural_pests/kelly_citrus_thrips/research_report_1997-2000 . Accessed 16 July 2012Bedford ECG (1998) Thrips, wind and other blemishes. Citrus pests in the Republic of South Africa. In: Bedford ECG, van den Berg MA, de Villiers EA (eds) ARC-Institute for tropical and subtropical crops, Nelspruit, South Africa, pp 170â183Blank RH, Gill GSC (1997) Thrips (Thysanoptera: Terebrantia) on flowers and fruit of citrus in New Zealand. N Z J Crop Hortic Sci 25:319â332Chellemi D, Funderburk F, Hall D (1994) Seasonal abundance of flower-inhabiting Frankliniella species (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on wild plant species. Environ Entomol 23:337â342Conti F, Tuminelli R, Amico C, Fisicaro R, Frittitta C, Perrotta G, Marullo R (2001) Monitoring Pezothrips kellyanus on citrus in eastern Sicily, Thrips and tospoviruses. In: Proceedings of the 7th international symposium on Thysanoptera, Reggio Calabria, 1â8 July 2001, Italy, pp 207â210Costa L, Mateus C, zurStrassen R, Franco JC (2006) Thrips (Thysanoptera) associated to lemon orchards in the Oeste region of Portugal. IOBC/WPRS Bull 29:285â291European Plant Protection Organisation Reporting Service [EPPO] (2006) Pezothrips kellyanus. http://www.eppo.org/QUARANTINE/Pest_Risk_Analysis/PRAdocs_insects/06-12760%20DS%20PEZTKE.doc. Accessed 18 June 2012European Plant ProtectionOrganisation Reporting Service [EPPO] (2005) Scirtothrips aurantii, Scirtothrips citri, Scirtothrips dorsalis. EPPO Bull 35:353â356Franco JC, Garcia-MarĂ F, Ramos AP, Besri M (2006) Survey on the situation of citrus pest management in Mediterranean countries. IOBC/WPRS Bull 29:335â346Froud KJ, Stevens PS, Steven D (2001) Survey of alternative host plants for Kellyâs citrus thrips (Pezothrips kellyanus) in citrus growing regions. N Z Plant Prot 54:15â20Gomez-Clemente F (1952) Un tisanĂłptero causante de daĂąos en las naranjas de algunas zonas de Levante. BoletĂn de PatologĂa Vegetal y EntomologĂa AgrĂcola 19:135â146Grout TG, Morse JG, OâConnell NV, Flaherty DL, Goodell PB, Freeman MW, Coviello RL (1986) Citrus thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) phenology and sampling in the San Joaquin Valley. J Econ Entomol 79:1516â1523Horton J (1918) The citrus thrips. US Dep Agric Bull 616:1â42Kirk WDJ (1987) A key to the larvae of some common Australian flower thrips (Insecta: Thysanoptera), with a host-plant survey. Aust J Zool 35:173â185Lacasa A, Llorens JM, SĂĄnchez JA (1996) Un Scirtothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) causa daĂąos en los cĂtricos en EspaĂąa. Bol San Veg Plagas 22:79â95Lewis HC (1935) Factors influencing citrus thrips damage. J Econ Entomol 28:1011â1015Lewis T (1997) Distribution, abundance and population dynamics. In: Lewis T (ed) Thrips as crop pests. CAB International, Wallingford, pp 217â258Lovatt C, Streeter S, Minter T, Oâconnell N, Flaherty D, Freeman M, Goodell P (1984) Phenology of flowering in Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, cv. Washington navel orange. Proc Int Soc Citric 1:186â190Marullo R (1998) Pezothrips kellyanus, un nuovo tripide parassita delle colture meridionali. Informatore Fitopatologico 48:72â75Milne JR, Milne M, Walter GH (1997) A key to larval thrips (Thysanoptera) from Granite Belt stonefruit trees and a first description of Pseudanaphothrips achaetus (Bagnall) larvae. Aust J Entomol 36:319â326Mound LA, Jackman DJ (1998) Thrips in the economy and ecology of Australia, In: Zalucki MP, RAI Drew RAI, White GG (eds) Pest Management: future challenges, Proceedings of the sixth Australian applied entomological research conference, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, pp 472â478Mound LA, Marullo R (1996) The thrips of Central and South America (Insecta: Thysanoptera): an introduction. Mem Entomol Int 6:1â487Mound LA, Walker AK (1982) Terebrantia (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Fauna N Z 1:1â113Navarro-Campos C, Marzal C, Aguilar A, GarciaMarĂ F (2010) Presencia del microlepidĂłptero Anatrachyntisbadia en cĂtricos: descripciĂłn, comportamiento y daĂąos al fruto. Levante AgrĂcola 402:270â276Navarro-Campos C, Aguilar A, Garcia-MarĂ F (2011) Population trend and fruit damage of Pezothrips kellyanus in citrus orchards in Valencia (Spain). IOBC/WPRS Bull 62: 285â292Navarro-Campos C, Aguilar A, Garcia-MarĂ F (2012) Aggregation pattern, sampling plan and intervention threshold for Pezothrips kellyanus in citrus groves. Entomol Exp Appl 142:130â139Northfield TD, Paini DR, Funderburk JE, Reitz SR (2008) Annual cycles of Frankliniella spp. (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) thrips abundance on North Florida uncultivated reproductive hosts: predicting possible sources of pest outbreaks. Ann Entomol Soc Am 101:769â778Orphanides G (1997) Thrips on citrus. Annual Review for 1997. Agricultural Research Institute, Nicosia, CyprusPerrotta G, Conti F (2008) A threshold hypothesis for an integrated control of thrips infestation on citrus in South-Eastern Sicily. IOBC/WPRS Bull 38:204â209Reitz S, Yu-lin G, Zhong-ren L (2011) Thrips: pests of concern to China and the United States. Agric Sci China 10:867â892Rhodes AA, Morse JG (1989) Scirtothrips citri sampling and damage prediction on California navel oranges. Agric Ecosyst Environ 26:117â129Schellhorn NA, Glatz RV, Wood GM (2010) The risk of exotic and native plants as hosts for four pest thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripinae). Bull Entomol Res 100:501â510Schweizer H, Morse JG (1997) Estimating the level of fruit scarring by citrus thrips from temperature conditions prior to the end of bloom. Crop Prot 16:743â752Smith D, Beattie GAC, Broadley R (eds) (1997) Citrus pests and their natural enemies: integrated pest management in Australia. Information series Q197030. Queensland Department of Primary Industries, BrisbaneStatgraphics (1994) Version 5.1 Plus. Statistical Graphics System by Statistical Graphics Corporation. Manugistics, RockvilleTanigoshi LK, Nishio JY, Moreno DS, Fargerlund J (1980) Effect of temperature on development and survival of Scirtothrips citri on citrus foliage. Ann Entomol Soc Am 73: 378â338Teksam I, Tunç I (2009) An analysis of Thysanoptera associated with citrus flowers in Antalya, Turkey: composition, distribution, abundance and pest status of species. Appl Entomol Zool 44:455â464Varikou K, Tsitsipis JA, Alexandrakis V, Mound LA (2002) Pezothrips kellyanus (Bagnall) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), a new pest of citrus trees in Crete, In: Proceedings of the VII European congress of entomology, Thessaloniki, Greece, 7â13 Oct 2002, p 33Varikou K, Tsitsipis I, Alexandrakis V, Hoddle M (2009) Effect of temperature on the development and longevity of Pezothrips kellyanus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Ann Entomol Soc Am 102:835â841Varikou K, Birouraki A, Tsitsipis I, Sergentani CHR (2012) Effect of temperature on the fecundity of Pezothrips kellyanus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Ann Entomol Soc Am 105:60â65Vassiliou VA (2007) Chemical control of Pezothrips kellyanus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in citrus plantations in Cyprus. Crop Prot 26:1579â1584Vassiliou VA (2010) Ecology and behavior of Pezothrips kellyanus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on Citrus. J Econ Entomol 103:47â53Vierbergen G, Kucharczyk H, Kirk WDJ (2010) A key to the second instar larvae of the Thripidae of the Western Palearctic region. Tijdschr Entomol 153:99â160Webster KW, Cooper P, Mound LA (2006) Studies on Kellyâs citrus thrips, Pezothrips kellyanus (Bagnall) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae): sex attractants, host associations and country of origin. Aust J Entomol 45:67â74Wiesenborn W, Morse JG (1986) Feeding rate of Scirtothripscitri (Moulton) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) as influenced by life stage and temperature. Environ Entomol 15:763â76
The Arthropod Fauna of Oak (Quercus spp., Fagaceae) Canopies in Norway
(1) We document the invertebrate fauna collected from 24 oak canopies in east and west Norway as a contribution to the Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centreâs âThe Norwegian Taxonomy Initiativeâ. (2) A snap-shot inventory of the canopies was recorded by means of emitting a mist of natural pyrethrum into the canopies at night using a petrol-driven fogger and collecting the specimens in butterfly nets spread on the ground under the canopy. (3) Almost the entire catch of more than 6800 specimens was identified to 722 species. Out of 92 species new to the Norwegian fauna, 21 were new to science and, additionally, 15 were new to the Nordic fauna. Diptera alone constituted nearly half of the species represented, with 61 new records (18 new species). Additionally, 24 Hymenoptera (one new species), six oribatid mites (two new species) and one Thysanoptera were new to the Norwegian fauna. (4) Our study emphasizes the importance of the oak tree as a habitat both for a specific fauna and occasional visitors, and it demonstrates that the canopy fogging technique is an efficient way to find the âhidden faunaâ of Norwegian forests. The low number of red listed species found reflects how poor the Norwegian insect fauna is still studied. Moreover, the implication of the IUCN red list criteria for newly described or newly observed species is discussed.</jats:p
Eight species of thrips new for The Netherlands and some taxonomical changes in Stenchaetothrips, Thrips and Hoplothrips (Thysanoptera)
Thysanoptera species are recorded as new for the Dutch fauna: Aeolothripidae: Aeolothrips fasciatus, Thripidae: Stenchaetothrips biformis s.s., Dendrothrips degeeri, Mycterothrips annulicornis, Mycterothrips salicis, Odontothrips ignobilis, Oxythrips ulmifoliorum, Neohydatothrips gracilicornis, Thrips origani, and Phlaeothripidae: Bolothrips icarus, Haplothrips setiger. These species are known to occur elsewhere in Europe. Stenchaetothrips biformis is suspected to consist of two species: S. biformis s.s. and possibly S. oryzae. S. biformis s.s. is recorded here for the first time for Germany. Thrips inopinatus and T. fallaciosus are synonymized with T. roepkei, which was described after a monstruose female-type specimen. Hoplothrips arnoudi is considered a junior synonym of H. pedicularius
- âŚ