In memoriam: Richard zur Strassen World taxonomist in Thysanoptera (*20-xi-1926 – †31-x-2013).

Vierbergen, Gijsbertus (2015): In memoriam: Richard zur Strassen - World taxonomist in Thysanoptera (*20-xi-1926 - †31-x-2013). Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 65 (2): 197-208, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.65.2.197-208, URL: https://www.contributions-to-entomology.org/article/view/187

Results of a survey of quarantine thrips species Thrips palmi Karny, 1925 (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Croatia in 2021

Thrips palmi Karny, 1925 polifagna je fitofagna vrsta tripsa zabilježena na biljnim vrstama iz više od 36 porodica, posebice iz porodica Cucurbitaceae i Solanaceae. Vektor je destruktivnih biljnih tospovirusa. Pretpostavlja se da vrsta potječe iz južne Azije. Vrsta u EU ima status karantenskog štetnog organizma i često se presreće u uvoznim izvaneuropskim pošiljkama rezanog cvijeća, plodova i povrća. Štetnik predstavlja ozbiljan fitosanitarni rizik za poljoprivrednu proizvodnju na području Mediteranskog bazena. Provođenje programa posebnog nadzora nad štetnim organizmom T. palmi započeto je u Hrvatskoj 2021. godini. Vizualnim pregledima obuhvaćeni su nasadi povrća u zaštićenim prostorima te ukrasno bilje u rasadnicima i vrtnim centrima na 34 lokaliteta u 13 županija. Odrasli primjerci tripsa prikupljeni su otresanjem biljaka na bijelu podlogu ili izravno finim kistom s biljnih organa te pohranjeni do laboratorijske analize u AGA mješavini u Eppendorf epruvetama. Ukupno je obavljeno 46 vizualnih pregleda i pritom je prikupljen 101 uzorak tripsa s 43 biljne vrste za laboratorijsku analizu. Primjerci tripsa su u prikupljenim uzorcima mikroskopski identificirani do razine vrste na osnovi morfoloških karakteristika odraslih ženki, pomoću EPPO dijagnostičkog protokola PM 7/3 (3) i relevantnih ključeva za identifikaciju.U prikupljenim uzorcima determinirano je 19 vrsta tripsa, od kojih su Chaetanaphothrips orchidii (Moulton, 1907) i Scirtothrips cf. canizoi Titchak, 1964 nove za faunu tripsa u Hrvatskoj. Niti u jednom analiziranom uzorku nije identificirana karantenska vrsta T. palmi.Thrips palmi Karny, 1925 is a polyphagous, phytophagous thrips species recorded on numerous plant species from more than 36 families, with species from Cucurbitaceae and Solanaceae predominating. It is a vector of destructive plant tospoviruses. It appears to have originated in Southern Asia. In the EU the species has a status as a quarantine harmful organism and it is regularly intercepted in imported non-European shipments of cut-flowers, fruits and vegetables. T. palmi presents a serious phytosanitary risk for agricultural production in the Mediterranean basin. A survey of quarantine species T. palmi started in Croatia in 2021. Visual inspections were conducted in vegetable plantations in greenhouses as well as on ornamentals in nurseries and garden centers, in 34 localities in 13 counties. Adult thrips specimens were collected by beating of plants on a white plastic tray or directly from plant organs with a fine brush and stored in AGA mixture in Eppendorf vials until laboratory analysis. Altogether 46 visual inspections were carried out and 101 samples of trips from 43 plant species were collected for laboratory analysis. Thrips from collected samples were identified to the species level on the basis of morphological characters of adult females, using classical identification method according to the EPPO diagnostic protocol PM 7/3 (3) and relevant morphological keys. Nineteen species of thrips were identified in the collected samples, of which Chaetanaphothrips orchidii (Moulton, 1907) and Scirtothrips cf. canizoi Titchak, 1964 are new for the thrips fauna in Croatia. Quarantine species T. palmi was not determined in any of the analyzed samples

Predatory mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) first recorded on cultivated plants in Slovenia in the period 2012-2017

In the period 2012-2017 we investigated the occurrence of indigenous species of predatory mites in different cultivated plants in Slovenia. In a comprehensive study we confirmed the occurrence of the following predatory mites: Amblyseius andersoni (Chant, 1957), Euseius finlandicus (Oudemans, 1915), Euseius gallicus (Kreiter & Tixier, 2009), Euseius stipulatus (Athias-Henriot, 1960), Kampimodromus abberans (Oudemans, 1930), Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor, 1954), Paraseiulus triporus (Chant & Shaul, 1982) and Phytoseius horridus (Ribaga, 1904). In the paper all seven species are presented, but for the field of biological control A. andersoni, E. gallicus and N. californicus are the most interesting species. The first two of them are already on the List of indigenous organisms for the purpose of biological control, while the third will be placed into it in the near future. All three of them have a great potential in biological control, since they can be found in different host plants

A cell type-specific cortico-subcortical brain circuit for investigatory and novelty-seeking behavior

INTRODUCTION: Motivational drives are internal states that can be different even in similar interactions with external stimuli. Curiosity as the motivational drive for novelty-seeking and investigating the surrounding environment is for survival as essential and intrinsic as hunger. Curiosity, hunger, and appetitive aggression drive three different goal-directed behaviors—novelty seeking, food eating, and hunting—but these behaviors are composed of similar actions in animals. This similarity of actions has made it challenging to study novelty seeking and distinguish it from eating and hunting in nonarticulating animals. The brain mechanisms underlying this basic survival drive, curiosity, and novelty-seeking behavior have remained unclear. RATIONALE: In spite of having well-developed techniques to study mouse brain circuits, there are many controversial and different results in the field of motivational behavior. This has left the functions of motivational brain regions such as the zona incerta (ZI) still uncertain. Not having a transparent, nonreinforced, and easily replicable paradigm is one of the main causes of this uncertainty. Therefore, we chose a simple solution to conduct our research: giving the mouse freedom to choose what it wants—double free-access choice. By examining mice in an experimental battery of object free-access double-choice (FADC) and social interaction tests—using optogenetics, chemogenetics, calcium fiber photometry, multichannel recording electrophysiology, and multicolor mRNA in situ hybridization—we uncovered a cell type–specific cortico-subcortical brain circuit of the curiosity and novelty-seeking behavior. RESULTS: We analyzed the transitions within action sequences in object FADC and social interaction tests. Frequency and hidden Markov model analyses showed that mice choose different action sequences in interaction with novel objects and in early periods of interaction with novel conspecifics compared with interaction with familiar objects or later periods of interaction with conspecifics, which we categorized as deep and shallow investigation, respectively. This finding helped us to define a measure of depth of investigation that indicates how much a mouse prefers deep over shallow investigation and reflects the mouse’s motivational level to investigate, regardless of total duration of investigation. Optogenetic activation of inhibitory neurons in medial ZI (ZIm), ZImGAD2 neurons, showed a dramatic increase in positive arousal level, depth of investigation, and duration of interaction with conspecifics and novel objects compared with familiar objects, crickets, and food. Optogenetic or chemogenetic deactivation of these neurons decreased depth and duration of investigation. Moreover, we found that ZImGAD2 neurons are more active during deep investigation as compared with during shallow investigation. We found that activation of prelimbic cortex (PL) axons into ZIm increases arousal level, and chemogenetic deactivation of these axons decreases the duration and depth of investigation. Calcium fiber photometry of these axons showed no difference in activity between shallow and deep investigation, suggesting a nonspecific motivation. Optogenetic activation of ZImGAD2 axons into lateral periaqueductal gray (lPAG) increases the arousal level, whereas chemogenetic deactivation of these axons decreases duration and depth of investigation. Calcium fiber photometry of these axons showed high activity during deep investigation and no significant activity during shallow investigation, suggesting a thresholding mechanism. Last, we found a new subpopulation of inhibitory neurons in ZIm expressing tachykinin 1 (TAC1) that monosynaptically receive PL inputs and project to lPAG. Optogenetic activation and deactivation of these neurons, respectively, increased and decreased depth and duration of investigation. CONCLUSION: Our experiments revealed different action sequences based on the motivational level of novelty seeking. Moreover, we uncovered a new brain circuit underlying curiosity and novelty-seeking behavior, connecting excitatory neurons of PL to lPAG through TAC1+ inhibitory neurons of ZIm

Factors influencing citrus fruit scarring caused by Pezothrips kellyanus

[EN] Kelly s citrus thrips (KCT) Pezothrips kellyanus (Bagnall) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is a recently recorded cosmopolitan citrus pest, causing fruit scarring that results in downgrading of fruit. Due to the detrimental effects caused on fruits by KCT, we wanted to study some of the factors influencing fruit scarring. Specifically, the objectives were: (1) to determine the fruit development stage when citrus fruits are damaged by KCT and the population structure of KCT during this period, (2) to study the influence of temperature on intensity of damage, and finally, (3) to identify alternative host plants. KCT populations on flowers and fruitlets and alternate plant hosts were sampled in four citrus orchards from 2008 to 2010. The percentage of damaged fruits was also recorded. The exotic vine Araujia sericifera (Apocynaceae) was recorded as a new host for KCT. Thrips scarring started to increase at 350 650 degree-days (DD) above 10.2 C, coinciding with a peak abundance of the second instar larval stages over all 3 years of the study. The maximum percentage of larval stages of KCT was observed in the 3 years at about 500 DD, a period which corresponds to the end of May or early June. Variation in the severity of fruit scarring appeared to be related to air temperature. Temperature likely affects the synchronisation between the peak in abundance of KCT larvae, and the period when fruitlets are susceptible to thrips damage. Temperature can also influence the survival and development of KCT populations in citrus and other host plants in the citrus agro-ecosystem.The authors thank Alejandro Tena for his valuable suggestions and two anonymous referees for their careful review and helpful comments. We also extend our thanks to the owners of the commercial orchards for giving us permission to use their citrus orchards. The first author was awarded an FPI fellowship from the Polytechnic University of Valencia to obtain her PhD degree.Navarro Campos, C.; Pekas, A.; Aguilar Martí, MA.; Garcia Marí, F. (2013). Factors influencing citrus fruit scarring caused by Pezothrips kellyanus. Journal of Pest Science. (86):459-467. doi:10.1007/s10340-013-0489-7S45946786Baker GJ (2006) Kelly citrus thrips management. Fact sheet. Government of South Australia, primary industries and resources SA. http://www.sardi.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/44875/kctfact_sheet.pdf . Accessed 16 July 2012Baker GJ, Jackman DJ, Keller M, MacGregor A, Purvis S (2002) Development of an integrated pest management system for thrips in Citrus. HAL Final Report CT97007. http://www.sardi.sa.gov.au/pestsdiseases/horticulture/horticultural_pests/kelly_citrus_thrips/research_report_1997-2000 . Accessed 16 July 2012Bedford ECG (1998) Thrips, wind and other blemishes. Citrus pests in the Republic of South Africa. 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IOBC/WPRS Bull 29:285–291European Plant Protection Organisation Reporting Service [EPPO] (2006) Pezothrips kellyanus. http://www.eppo.org/QUARANTINE/Pest_Risk_Analysis/PRAdocs_insects/06-12760%20DS%20PEZTKE.doc. Accessed 18 June 2012European Plant ProtectionOrganisation Reporting Service [EPPO] (2005) Scirtothrips aurantii, Scirtothrips citri, Scirtothrips dorsalis. EPPO Bull 35:353–356Franco JC, Garcia-Marí F, Ramos AP, Besri M (2006) Survey on the situation of citrus pest management in Mediterranean countries. IOBC/WPRS Bull 29:335–346Froud KJ, Stevens PS, Steven D (2001) Survey of alternative host plants for Kelly’s citrus thrips (Pezothrips kellyanus) in citrus growing regions. N Z Plant Prot 54:15–20Gomez-Clemente F (1952) Un tisanóptero causante de daños en las naranjas de algunas zonas de Levante. 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The Arthropod Fauna of Oak (Quercus spp., Fagaceae) Canopies in Norway

(1) We document the invertebrate fauna collected from 24 oak canopies in east and west Norway as a contribution to the Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre’s ‘The Norwegian Taxonomy Initiative’. (2) A snap-shot inventory of the canopies was recorded by means of emitting a mist of natural pyrethrum into the canopies at night using a petrol-driven fogger and collecting the specimens in butterfly nets spread on the ground under the canopy. (3) Almost the entire catch of more than 6800 specimens was identified to 722 species. Out of 92 species new to the Norwegian fauna, 21 were new to science and, additionally, 15 were new to the Nordic fauna. Diptera alone constituted nearly half of the species represented, with 61 new records (18 new species). Additionally, 24 Hymenoptera (one new species), six oribatid mites (two new species) and one Thysanoptera were new to the Norwegian fauna. (4) Our study emphasizes the importance of the oak tree as a habitat both for a specific fauna and occasional visitors, and it demonstrates that the canopy fogging technique is an efficient way to find the ‘hidden fauna’ of Norwegian forests. The low number of red listed species found reflects how poor the Norwegian insect fauna is still studied. Moreover, the implication of the IUCN red list criteria for newly described or newly observed species is discussed.</jats:p

Eight species of thrips new for The Netherlands and some taxonomical changes in Stenchaetothrips, Thrips and Hoplothrips (Thysanoptera)

Thysanoptera species are recorded as new for the Dutch fauna: Aeolothripidae: Aeolothrips fasciatus, Thripidae: Stenchaetothrips biformis s.s., Dendrothrips degeeri, Mycterothrips annulicornis, Mycterothrips salicis, Odontothrips ignobilis, Oxythrips ulmifoliorum, Neohydatothrips gracilicornis, Thrips origani, and Phlaeothripidae: Bolothrips icarus, Haplothrips setiger. These species are known to occur elsewhere in Europe. Stenchaetothrips biformis is suspected to consist of two species: S. biformis s.s. and possibly S. oryzae. S. biformis s.s. is recorded here for the first time for Germany. Thrips inopinatus and T. fallaciosus are synonymized with  T. roepkei, which was described after a monstruose female-type specimen. Hoplothrips arnoudi is considered a junior synonym of H. pedicularius