Body image change and improved eating self-regulation in a weight management intervention in women

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Successful weight management involves the regulation of eating behavior. However, the specific mechanisms underlying its successful regulation remain unclear. This study examined one potential mechanism by testing a model in which improved body image mediated the effects of obesity treatment on eating self-regulation. Further, this study explored the role of different body image components.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Participants were 239 overweight women (age: 37.6 ± 7.1 yr; BMI: 31.5 ± 4.1 kg/m²) engaged in a 12-month behavioral weight management program, which included a body image module. Self-reported measures were used to assess evaluative and investment body image, and eating behavior. Measurements occurred at baseline and at 12 months. Baseline-residualized scores were calculated to report change in the dependent variables. The model was tested using partial least squares analysis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The model explained 18-44% of the variance in the dependent variables. Treatment significantly improved both body image components, particularly by decreasing its investment component (<it>f²</it>= .32 vs. <it>f²</it>= .22). Eating behavior was positively predicted by investment body image change (p < .001) and to a lesser extent by evaluative body image (p < .05). Treatment had significant effects on 12-month eating behavior change, which were fully mediated by investment and partially mediated by evaluative body image (effect ratios: .68 and .22, respectively).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Results suggest that improving body image, particularly by reducing its salience in one's personal life, might play a role in enhancing eating self-regulation during weight control. Accordingly, future weight loss interventions could benefit from proactively addressing body image-related issues as part of their protocols.</p

Evidenciação de antígeno da hepatite B (HBsAg) em "manchas" obtidas de exemplares de Triatominae: nota prévia

A total of 890 impressions on filter paper identified as containing human blood, were examined for the presence of hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg), using the Hepanosticon haemagglutination and radioimmunoassay techniques. The samples examined belong to the Panstrongylus, Rhodnius and Triatoma genres. The Hepanosticon haemagglutination technique showed that 7 impressions, after elution, were presumably positive for HBsAg, but by radioimmunoassay, this antigen could only be detected in 1. The positive sample was obtained from a specimen of Triatoma sordida (fifth instar nymph).De 890 "manchas" provenientes de insetos dos gêneros Panstrongylus, Rhodnius e Triatoma, positivas para sangue humano, 7 deram resultados presumptivamente positivos por hemaglutinação passiva para HBsAg. Deste total só um caso foi confirmado como positivo, por RIE (radioimunoensaio), correspondendo a uma "mancha" obtida de Triatoma sordida (ninfa de 5.º estádio)

Estudo da evolução da fertilidade do solo em pomares de pessegueiros - situação inicial

A região da Beira Interior é a principal região de produção de pêssegos do país. Esta cultura, pelo carácter plurianual, pode ter uma ação positiva ou negativa na melhoria do teor em matéria orgânica e da fertilidade do solo, de acordo com as técnicas utilizadas na manutenção do solo e gestão da sua fertilidade. No âmbito da manutenção do solo, a técnica de enrelvamento da entrelinha e a técnica de destroçamento da lenha de poda, são consideradas como positivas no aumento do teor em matéria orgânica do solo o que se reflete na melhoria da sua fertilidade. Contudo, esse efeito será sempre a longo prazo, não estando disponível informação sobre a evolução dos parâmetros de fertilidade do solo em pomares de pessegueiros, para as condições de Portugal em geral e especificamente para a Beira Interior. Para monitorizar o efeito da gestão inerente a um pomar nas características de fertilidade do solo foram estabelecidas unidades de observação em 26 pomares de pessegueiros instalados na Beira Interior entre janeiro e março de 2018. Cada unidade de observação, correspondente a um pomar, compreende a marcação de 10 plantas, distribuídas em três blocos, num total de 20 pontos de amostragem de terra, sendo 10 pontos na linha de plantação e 10 pontos correspondentes à entrelinha. Todos os pontos de amostragem foram georreferenciados. Os resultados referentes à fertilidade do solo dos pomares de pessegueiros após a instalação indicam uma média global do teor de matéria orgânica de 2,8% não havendo diferenças significativas entre linha e entrelinha. A média do pH foi de 6,3 na linha e 6,1 na entrelinha. A média do teor de K2O foi de 404 mg.kg-1 na linha e 242 mg.kg-1 na entrelinha e a média do teor de P2O5 mg.kg-1 foi de 201 mg.kg-1 na linha e 114 mg.kg-1 na entrelinha, indicando uma prática de fertilização de fundo localizada na linha de plantação. Estes resultados correspondem à situação inicial dos pomares, prevendo-se a recolha de amostras no mesmo local com uma periodicidade de 4 anos, de modo a realizar a monitorização da fertilidade do solo ao longo da vida útil do pomar, minimizando a variabilidade inerente à heterogeneidade dos solos uma vez que os pontos de recolha estão georreferenciados.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Predictors of Psychological Well-Being during Behavioral Obesity Treatment in Women

This study examined the association of autonomy-related variables, including exercise motivation, with psychological well-being and quality of life, during obesity treatment. Middle-aged overweight/obese women (n = 239) participated in a 1-year behavioral program and completed questionnaires measuring need support, general self-determination, and exercise and treatment motivation. General and obesity-specific health-related quality of life (HRQOL), self-esteem, depression, and anxiety were also assessed. Results showed positive correlations of self-determination and perceived need support with HRQOL and self-esteem, and negative associations with depression and anxiety (P < .001). Treatment autonomous motivation correlated positively with physical (P = .004) and weight-related HRQOL (P < .001), and negatively with depression (P = .025) and anxiety (P = .001). Exercise autonomous motivation was positively correlated with physical HRQOL (P < .001), mental HRQOL (P = .003), weight-related HRQOL (P < .001), and self-esteem (P = .003), and negatively with anxiety (P = .016). Findings confirm that self-determination theory's predictions apply to this population and setting, showing that self-determination, perceived need support, and autonomous self-regulation positively predict HRQOL and psychological well-being

Substrato com Organosuper® para formação de mudas de pepineiro em ambientes protegidos e bandejas de poliestireno

Culture environments, trays and doses of organic compost were evaluated in the formation of cucumber seedlings (Cucumis sativus L.). Five environmental conditions were tested: (A1) a greenhouse with height of 2.5 m, covered with polyethylene film, (A2) nursery with height of 2.5 m, monofilament fabric, 50% shading, (A3) nursery with height of 2.5 m, heat-reflective screen, 50% shading, (A4) nursery with a height of 1.8 m, covered with coconut tree straw and (A5) greenhouse with height of 4.0 m, covered with polyethylene film, with zenith opening and thermo-reflective cloth under the plastic. Trays of 72 (R1) and 128 (R2) cells were filled with 93% soil and 7% organic compound (S1), 86% soil and 14% organic compound (S2) and 79% soil and 21% organic compound (S3). It was used a randomized design in split-split-plot scheme, with five replicates (environments x trays x substrates). The greenhouses provide the best environments for the formation of cucumber seedlings. A tray of 72 cells is the best container, promoting more vigorous seedlings in substrate with soil and 7 or 14% organic compound.Ambientes de cultivo, bandejas e doses de composto orgânico foram avaliados na formação de mudas de pepino (Cucumis sativus L.). Cinco ambientes de cultivo foram testados: (A1) estufa agrícola com altura de 2,5 m coberta com filme de polietileno; (A2) viveiro com altura de 2,5 m, tela de monofilamento com 50% de sombreamento; (A3) viveiro com altura de 2,5 m, tela termorrefletora, com 50% de sombreamento; (A4) viveiro com altura de 1,8 m, coberto com palha de coqueiro, e (A5) estufa agrícola com altura de 4,0 m, coberta com filme de polietileno, com abertura zenital e tela termorrefletora sob o filme. Bandejas de 72 (R1) e 128 (R2) células foram preenchidas com 93% de solo e 7% de composto orgânico (S1); 86% de solo e 14% de composto orgânico (S2), e 79% de solo e 21% de composto orgânico (S3). Utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas, com cinco repetições (ambientes x bandejas x substratos). As estufas agrícolas propiciam os melhores ambientes para a formação das mudas de pepino. A bandeja de 72 células é o melhor recipiente, promovendo plântulas mais vigorosas no substrato com solo e 7 ou 14 % de composto orgânico.22623

Isobutyl acetate: electronic state spectroscopy by high-resolution vacuum ultraviolet photoabsorption, He(I) photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations

The high-resolution vacuum ultraviolet photoabsorption spectrum of isobutyl acetate, C6H12O2, is presented here and was measured over the energy range 4.3–10.8 eV (290–115 nm). Valence and Rydberg transitions with their associated vibronic series have been observed in the photoabsorption spectrum and are assigned in accordance with new ab initio calculations of the vertical excitation energies and oscillator strengths. The measured photoabsorption cross sections have been used to calculate the photolysis lifetime of this ester in the Earth’s upper atmosphere (20–50 km). Calculations have also been carried out to determine the ionization energies and fine structure of the lowest ionic state of isobutyl acetate and are compared with a photoelectron spectrum (from 9.5 to 16.7 eV), recorded for the first time. Vibrational structure is observed in the first photoelectron band of this molecule

Bioaccumulation of amylose-like glycans by Helicobacter pylori

Background: Helicobacter pylori cell surface is composed of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) yielding structures homologous to mammalian Lewis O-chains blood group antigens. These structures are key mediators in the definition of host-microbial interactions and known to change their expression pattern in response to environmental pressure. Aims:  The present work is focused on the identification of new H. pylori cell-surface glycosides. Special attention is further devoted to provide insights on the impact of in vitro subcultivation on H. pylori cell-surface phenotypes. Methods:  Cell-surface glycans from H. pylori NCTC 11637 and two clinical isolates were recovered from the aqueous phase resulting from phenol:water extraction of intact bacteria. They were evaluated in relation to their sugars and glycosidic-linkages composition by CG-MS, size-exclusion chromatography, NMR, and Mass Spectrometry. H. pylori glycan profile was also monitored during subcultivation in vitro in agar and F12 liquid medium. Results:  All three studied strains produce LPS expressing Lewis epitopes and express bioaccumulate amylose-like glycans. Bioaccumulation of amylose was found to be enhanced with the subcultivation of the bacterium on agar medium and accompanied by a decrease in the expression of LPS O-chains. In contrast, during exponential growth in F12 liquid medium, an opposite behavior is observed, that is, there is an increase in the overall amount of LPS and decrease in amylose content. Conclusions:  This work shows that under specific environmental conditions, H. pylori expresses a phase-variable cell-surface α-(1→4)-glucose moiety

New cathepsin V inhibitor from stems of Bowdichia virgilioides

Bioassay-guided fractionation of Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth, Fabaceae, extracts has led to the isolation of cathepsin V inhibitors. The investigation of the hexane and ethyl acetate extracts allowed the characterization of eleven compounds: lupeol, lupenone, β-sitosterol and stigmasterol in mixture, trans p-coumaric acid ester derivative, syringaresinol, bowdenol, 8-methoxycoumestrol, 3,4-hydroxy-7-methoxyisoflavone, 7,3′-dihydroxy-4′-methoxyisoflavone, and 5,4′-dihydroxy-7′-methoxyisoflavone. Structures of compounds were stablished by 1D and 2D NMR, and MS experiments. Among the isolated compounds, trans p-coumaric acid ester derivative and 8-methoxycoumestrol showed significant inhibition on cathepsin V, which is up to now unexplored. Keywords: Cathepsin, Cysteine peptidases, Inhibitors, Cerrado biom

Comparison of PBO solvers in a dependency solving domain

Linux package managers have to deal with dependencies and conflicts of packages required to be installed by the user. As an NP-complete problem, this is a hard task to solve. In this context, several approaches have been pursued. Apt-pbo is a package manager based on the apt project that encodes the dependency solving problem as a pseudo-Boolean optimization (PBO) problem. This paper compares different PBO solvers and their effectiveness on solving the dependency solving problem.Comment: In Proceedings LoCoCo 2010, arXiv:1007.083