Streaming Fish Sampling: Abundance versus Biomass Measurements and Determining a Minimum Number of years to Sample

Abundance and biomass are commonly used for estimating stream fish assemblage and community structure, yet questions arise whether one measurement contains more information about an assemblage and how long sampling should be. Principal component loadings derived from fish biomass measurements taken from Buck Creek in Allen County Kentucky were statistically compared to corresponding measures of abundance to test for significant differences in the two data sets. A sliding window analysis based on abundance was used to determine the minimum number of years a stream should be sampled. Abundance and biomass were not found to be significantly different; correlations of the first three component loadings among data sets were highly significant. A six-year minimum for consecutive sampling years to estimate the total result of the eight-year study was found through subsampling of the abundance data, however, this number should not be thought of as a standard to use in all studies

Dystopian Literature [10th grade]

In this unit students examine three dystopian short stories, “The Lottery” by Shirley Jackson, “Harrison Bergeron” by Kurt Vonnegut, Jr., “The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas” by Ursula K. Le Guin, and one dystopian novel, Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury. This unit is scheduled as the first unit of the year to peak interest in authentic learning and real-world problems, and get students thinking critically from the first day of school. In preparation for the STAAR exam, the writing focus for the unit is expository. Students will practice the various expository organizational structures (description, sequence, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, and problem and solution) throughout the unit. In addition, students will examine literary elements such as tone, mood, diction, syntax, plot, character, imagery, setting, style, theme, symbolism, allusion, and figures of speech. The three short stories were assigned as a summer reading assignment, and Fahrenheit 451 will be read primarily in class with a variety of activities and writing in each lesson. The performance assessment is made of two parts: a creative project and an expository essay

The Process of Becoming an Expository Writer

This unit examines short non-fiction texts centered on cultural awareness and understanding. Through analyzing model texts students will deduce organizational structures for expository writing and strategies used for effective communication. Through a variety of close reading activities, students will collect a bank of tools to incorporate into their own writing for small open ended writing assignments during the unit and the summative assessment at the end of the unit. The performance task includes an artistic representation of culture and an expository explaining the significance of the images and symbols chosen. Students will learn to introduce an idea and logically explain the background, cultural significance, and impact on their lives and personal identities

Effective Arguments: \u3ci\u3eJulius Caesar\u3c/i\u3e and Current Opinion Pieces [10th Grade]

This unit takes place at the end of the first quarter and carries us into the beginning of the second quarter. Students have not and will not read the entire text of Julius Caesar. Instead, to better fit the demands of Common Core, we will focus on select speeches and persuasive portions of the text. We’ll also examine opinion pieces from the New York Times Room for Debate collection. Each week bell work consists of adapted exercises based on Sentence Composing for High School by Don Killgallon. The unit ends with students composing a structured 11-sentence paragraph response to a Room for Debate topic of their choice. Essential Questions: Why is it important to be able to analyze an argument? Why is it important to be able to build a strong argument? What makes an argument strong? How do my research skills strengthen my arguments? How do the arguments delivered by Shakespeare’s characters relate to modern day arguments

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Dalam Presfektif Hukum Islam

Issues related to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), it is no stranger to the world of law and the company\u27s preformance, when CSR is associated with Islamic law, if in fact Islam has been set in this regard? So that the activities undertaken by these companies is worth worship for businesses. Besides, CSR is an activity undertaken humanitarian nature. Maslahah mursalah While this is a law where there is no dail about the commands and prohibitions.CSR itself is a commitment of the Company to participate in the sustainable economic development to improve the quality of life and environment benefits the Company itself, the local community and society in general. While maslahah mursalah itself has a definition that is a benefit that is not covered by the Personality \u27and nor are the arguments sent to work or leave it, whereas if done will bring great good or benefit

A NOTE ON A PETTIS-KURZWEIL-HENSTOCK TYPE INTEGRAL IN RIESZ SPACES

Abstract Recently a connection has been found between the improper KurzweilHenstock integral on the real line and the integral over a compact space. In this paper these results are extended to a Pettis-type integral for the case of functions with values in Riesz spaces with "enough" order continuous functionals

Drosophila Boi limits Hedgehog levels to suppress follicle stem cell proliferation

The Boi receptor regulates stem cell function by sequestering the diffusible hedgehog ligand

Mastermind Mutations Generate a Unique Constellation of Midline Cells within the Drosophila CNS

Background: The Notch pathway functions repeatedly during the development of the central nervous system in metazoan organisms to control cell fate and regulate cell proliferation and asymmetric cell divisions. Within the Drosophila midline cell lineage, which bisects the two symmetrical halves of the central nervous system, Notch is required for initial cell specification and subsequent differentiation of many midline lineages. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here, we provide the first description of the role of the Notch co-factor, mastermind, in the central nervous system midline of Drosophila. Overall, zygotic mastermind mutations cause an increase in midline cell number and decrease in midline cell diversity. Compared to mutations in other components of the Notch signaling pathway, such as Notch itself and Delta, zygotic mutations in mastermind cause the production of a unique constellation of midline cell types. The major difference is that midline glia form normally in zygotic mastermind mutants, but not in Notch and Delta mutants. Moreover, during late embryogenesis, extra anterior midline glia survive in zygotic mastermind mutants compared to wild type embryos. Conclusions/Significance: This is an example of a mutation in a signaling pathway cofactor producing a distinct centra

Gene expression patterns associated with blood-feeding in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae

BACKGROUND: Blood feeding, or hematophagy, is a behavior exhibited by female mosquitoes required both for reproduction and for transmission of pathogens. We determined the expression patterns of 3,068 ESTs, representing ~2,000 unique gene transcripts using cDNA microarrays in adult female Anopheles gambiae at selected times during the first two days following blood ingestion, at 5 and 30 min during a 40 minute blood meal and at 0, 1, 3, 5, 12, 16, 24 and 48 hours after completion of the blood meal and compared their expression to transcript levels in mosquitoes with access only to a sugar solution. RESULTS: In blood-fed mosquitoes, 413 unique transcripts, approximately 25% of the total, were expressed at least two-fold above or below their levels in the sugar-fed mosquitoes, at one or more time points. These differentially expressed gene products were clustered using k-means clustering into Early Genes, Middle Genes, and Late Genes, containing 144, 130, and 139 unique transcripts, respectively. Several genes from each group were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR in order to validate the microarray results. CONCLUSION: The expression patterns and annotation of the genes in these three groups (Early, Middle, and Late genes) are discussed in the context of female mosquitoes' physiological responses to blood feeding, including blood digestion, peritrophic matrix formation, egg development, and immunity

Hedgehog-stimulated stem cells depend on non-canonical activity of the Notch co-activator Mastermind

Normal self-renewal of follicle stem cells (FSCs) in the Drosophila ovary requires Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. Excess Hh signaling, induced by loss of patched (ptc), causes cell-autonomous duplication of FSCs. We have used a genetic screen to identify Mastermind (Mam), the Notch pathway transcriptional co-activator, as a rare dose-dependent modifier of aberrant FSC expansion induced by excess Hh. Complete loss of Mam activity severely compromises the persistence of both normal and ptc mutant FSCs, but does not affect the maintenance of ovarian germline stem cells. Thus, Mam, like Hh, is a crucial stem cell factor that acts selectively on FSCs in the ovary. Surprisingly, other Notch pathway components, including Notch itself, are not similarly required for FSC maintenance. Furthermore, excess Notch pathway activity alone accelerates FSC loss and cannot ameliorate the more severe defects of mam mutant FSCs. This suggests an unconventional role for Mam in FSCs that is independent of Notch signaling. Loss of Mam reduces the expression of a Hh pathway reporter in FSCs but not in wing discs, suggesting that Mam might enhance Hh signaling specifically in stem cells of the Drosophila ovary