A CRITICAL PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT SOURCES OF SARIVA FROM ITS NATURAL HABITAT

The material medica has over 25000 plant species having therapeutic value, and more than 500 are used in indigenous systems of medicine. Sariva is one such drug having multifaceted activities widely used as coolant, blood purifier. In Ayurvedic classics two varieties have been mentioned, Shweta and Krishna. Regarding the botanical identity of both the varieties, Shweta Sariva is unanimously accepted as Hemidesmus indicus, where as for Krishna Sariva is accepted as both Ichnocarpus frutescens, Cryptolepis buchnani. In the market, by the name of Sariva Decalepis hamiltonii is usually sold. Hence all the four sources were collected from their natural habitat, subjected for phytochemical analysis, including its morphological features and HPTLC was carried out. In this research work it was found that the four sources of Sariva have match with standards mentioned in quality standards of Indian medicinal plants, published by ICMR, New Delhi. Further these sources should be subjected for pharmacological evaluations pertaining Sariva as to confirm the genuine source and best substitute

Precise Asymptotics in Wichura's Law of Iterated Logarithm

Let {Xn, n ≥ 1} be a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables with a common distribution function F = P(X ≤ x) in the domain of attraction of an asymmetric stable law, with index α, 1 < α < 2 and set Sn=∑nK=1XK. We prove                                         limε->0(√ε) ∑n≥3(1/n)P(Sn≤(θα-ε)An )=1/(2√2α), where An = n1/α(log log n)((α-1)/α) θα =(B(α))((α-1)/α) and B(α) = (1 − α)α(α/(1-α)) (cos (πα/2)) (α/α-1

A Literary Review on Role of Ethno-medicine In Drug Discovery and Development

World Health Organization defines Traditional Medicine as, the sum total knowledge, skills and practice based on the theories, beliefs and experiences indigenous to different cultures whether explicable or not used in the maintenance of health as well as in the prevention, diagnosis, improvement or treatment of physical and mental illness. Traditional medicine is a part of health care systems around the globe. Drug discovery and development strategies based on traditional / ethno-medicine is emerging as an alternative option. Traditional knowledge can provide valuable guidance in selecting and obtaining plant material of potential therapeutic interest and knowledge experimental database of traditional herbal medicine can provide a new functional leads to reduce time, Money, Toxicity - the three main hurdles of conventional drug development

Asana (Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb.) - A Drug Review

Asana (Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb.) commonly known as Honne Mara in Kannada, Bijasal in Hindi, Indian kino or Malabar kino in English, belongs to the family Fabaceae and it is widely distributed among several regions of India. It is one of the important medicinal plant of Indian traditional system of medicines and it has been used in India for several medicinal purposes. The Indian Kino is a medium to large; deciduous tree having chemical constituents like pterostilbene, (-)-epicatechin, pterosupin, marsupsin, etc. Asana have the pharmacological activity like antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antibacterial, etc

A Review on Trends of Herb Market in India

India’s domestic herb market is represented by very wide range of users from pharmaceutical industries; folk practitioners to house hold users. The herb market is very much complex by itself. As per WHO, 25% of the drugs tested use or other kind of herbs, with advent of social media and information age, people all over the world are better informed about usefulness and safety. The domestic market of Indian system of medicines & Homeopathy (ISM&H) is of the order of Rs4000 Crore with total consumption of all botanicals to figure of 17,700MT which is expanding day by day. The annual turnover of the Ayurvedic drug manufacturing industry is estimated around Rs3,500 Crore. Due to high demand all over the world, the genuinity of drugs and the natural resources are threatened. To overcome the issue, Government of India has taken several measures to promote the cultivation of medicinal plants. It will be of help in conservation of natural resources and also to meet the demand of herb market with genuine articles. In this article, demand and supply, the dynamics, market segments, regional analysis, research articles on herb market, along with government initiative for cultivation and export of medicinal plants are reviewed and discusse

Prevalence of Hypertension and Assessment of "Rule of Halves" in Rural Population of Basavanapura Village, Nanjangud Taluk, South India

Context: World Health Day is celebrated on 7 th April to mark the anniversary of the founding of World Health Organization in 1948. Each year a theme is selected for World Health Day that highlights a priority area of public health concern in the world. The theme for 2013 is on high blood pressure (BP). High BP, if left uncontrolled increases the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and kidney failure. Materials and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey was carried out among adults (>18 years) in Basavanapura Village, Nanjangud Taluk using simple random sampling method to study the pattern of BP using the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee criteria. A total of 447 persons were screened. A total of 223 individuals (90 men and 133 women) were selected by simple random sampling, interviewed, and clinically examined for hypertension. BP of all the study participants was measured using a standardized technique. Statistical Analysis Used: Mean ± standard deviation (continuous data), proportions and percentages (categorical data), Chi-square test (association between age and hypertension) and odds were calculated to see in which age group the risk of hypertension was more. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to test the significant difference of systolic BP and diastolic BP for males and females among age groups. Results: Of the 447 persons surveyed in Basavanpura Village, BP was recorded among 223 individuals. The overall prevalence of hypertension was found to be 36 (16.1%), of which 22 (61.1%) were diagnosed, 20 (90.90%) treated, and only 14 (70.0%) controlled. Increasing age, sedentary lifestyles, and male sex were identified as the predisposing factors. Conclusions: The prevalence of hypertension in the village is slightly higher (16.14%) than the national prevalence (14%). There is an urgent need to educate the people to modify the lifestyle and to monitor their BP values regularly

Sexually transmitted infections in women: A correlation of clinical and laboratory diagnosis in cases of vaginal discharge syndrome

Aims: This study compares the clinical and laboratory diagnosis of vaginal discharge syndrome. Settings and Design: This cross-sectional study was carried out at the gynaecology outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in Gujarat, India. Material and Methods: Total of 180 females diagnosed as vaginal discharge or cervicitis based on syndromic approach and were recruited for the study. Their clinical profile was noted and they were investigated for bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, candidiasis, gonorrhoea and chlamydia infection. Results: Lower abdominal pain (35%) followed by burning micturition (23.9%) were the common associated complaints. Bacterial vaginosis was the most common clinical diagnosis, while trichomoniasis was least common. Upon laboratory investigation, 35.6% of cases of vaginal discharge and 12% of cases of cervicitis tested positive. Percentage of cases confirmed by laboratory investigation was 50, 27.8 and 41.7 for bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis and candidiasis respectively. Conclusion: Among all the females diagnosed as vaginal discharge syndrome, a very small percentage actually turned out to be positive upon laboratory testing

Significance of Tikta Skanda dravyas of Charaka Samhita in Asthivaha Sroto vikaras – A review

Ayurveda, which literally means the science of life, is the natural healing system of India. Its originality and holistic approach whose principles of therapeutics are applicable universally remain time tested even to this day. In the course of life span, plants make an immense impact as either food or medicine. Charaka Samhita, one among the Bruhatrayi, contains information about evidence as well as experienced based medicine with many single drug or poly-herbal formulations along with mineral and animal origin. While explaining Chikitsasutra for Asthivaha sroto vikaras, Charaka says that Tikta dravyas should be used for Basti along with ksheera and ghrita. So Tikta dravyas play an important role in the treatment of Asthivaha Srotovikaras. An attempt is made in this study to identify the dravyas of tikta skanda of Charaka Samhita and its significance in the treatment of Asthivaha sroto vikaras, for further herbal research on single or multiple drugs with different mode of administration to be carried out globally with a greater enthusiasm for finding out active natural drug molecules acting on Asthivaha srotas.

The relevance of Vrukshayurveda for organic cultivation of medicinal plants

Ayurveda was theorized few thousand years back and is practised upto this day. So as like the medical science for humans (Ayurveda) similar science Vrikshayurveda was also developed for plants. Vrikshayurveda mainly deals with various aspects of trees regarding procuring, preserving, treatment of seeds and planting materials, method of irrigation, selection of soil, bio fertilizers and techniques for healthy growth and productivity of plant and plant disease etc. Today, we are facing lot of health hazards due to chemical fertilizers and pesticides in human beings like Digestive ailments, Cancer, Physical and Mental ailments, Reproductive abnormalities, Immune suppression, Hormone disruption etc. It does because of our traditional practices of farming have been more or less replaced by modern techniques, which are mainly dependent on chemicals for disease free and vigorous plants.  Not only human health, these are causing destructive effects on environment like contamination of air, soil, ground water and declining of beneficial soil micro-organisms. It is necessary to validate effectivity of several ancient practices in the organic production and managing medicinal plant diseases. An effort is made here to review Vrikshayurveda literature related to agro techniques which can be used in the development of effective medicinal plants. It also highlights the current status of research and recent trends in the field of Vrikshayurveda related to organic production