Architecture and Air

Wissenschaftliches Kolloquium vom 24. bis 27. April 2003 in Weimar an der Bauhaus-Universität zum Thema: ‚MediumArchitektur - Zur Krise der Vermittlung

Perceptions of Water among the Inuit Community in Iqaluit, Nunavut: An Anti-Colonialist, Feminist Political Ecology

Water is an essential part of everyday life. In Iqaluit, residents receive their water through either utilidor or trucked water delivery, which is an integral system for everyday life in the North. For Inuit residents, gathering water from the land is also an essential source of drinking water. Based on fieldwork results from 2016, this thesis argues that perceptions of municipal water in Iqaluit are a source of added stress to daily life, and that gathering water from the land is an important part of Inuit identity that can be a source of healing. Both experiences with municipal water and water from the land are emotional and embodied. Specific results will be discussed with regard to age and gender. Using principles from Indigenous methodologies with feminist political ecology, data was collected through participant observation and a series of twenty-one semi-structured interviews with Inuit community members

Investigating CXOU J163802.6-471358: a new pulsar wind nebula in the Norma region?

We present the first analysis of the extended source CXOU J163802.6--471358, which was discovered serendipitously during the {\em Chandra} X-ray survey of the Norma region of the Galactic spiral arms. The X-ray source exhibits a cometary appearance with a point source and an extended tail region. The complete source spectrum is fitted well with an absorbed power law model and jointly fitting the {\em Chandra} spectrum of the full source with one obtained from an archived {\em XMM-Newton} observation results in best fit parameters $N_{\rm H}$ $=1.5^{+0.7}_{-0.5}\times10^{23} \text{cm}{^{-2}}$ and $\Gamma=1.1^{+0.7}_{-0.6}$ (90$$ confidence uncertainties). The unabsorbed luminosity of the full source is then $L_X\sim 4.8\times10^{33}d_{10}^2$ergs s$^{-1}$ with $d_{10}=d/10$kpc, where a distance of 10 kpc is a lower bound inferred from the large column density. The radio counterpart found for the source using data from the Molonglo Galactic Plane Survey epoch-2 (MGPS-2) shows an elongated tail offset from the X-ray emission. No infrared counterpart was found. The results are consistent with the source being a previously unknown pulsar driving a bow shock through the ambient medium

Migrant women’s experiences of pregnancy, childbirth and maternity care in European countries: A systematic review

Background: Across Europe there are increasing numbers of migrant women who are of childbearing age. Migrant women are at risk of poorer pregnancy outcomes. Models of maternity care need to be designed to meet the needs of all women in society to ensure equitable access to services and to address health inequalities. Objective: To provide up-to-date systematic evidence on migrant women’s experiences of pregnancy, childbirth and maternity care in their destination European country. Search strategy: CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO and Scopus were searched for peer-reviewed articles published between 2007 and 2017. Selection criteria: Qualitative and mixed-methods studies with a relevant qualitative component were considered for inclusion if they explored any aspect of migrant women's experiences of maternity care in Europe. Data collection and analysis: Qualitative data were extracted and analysed using thematic synthesis. Results: The search identified 7472 articles, of which 51 were eligible and included. Studies were conducted in 14 European countries and focused on women described as migrants, refugees or asylum seekers. Four overarching themes emerged: ‘Finding the way—the experience of navigating the system in a new place’, ‘We don't understand each other’, ‘The way you treat me matters’, and ‘My needs go beyond being pregnant’. Conclusions: Migrant women need culturally-competent healthcare providers who provide equitable, high quality and trauma-informed maternity care, undergirded by interdisciplinary and cross-agency team-working and continuity of care. New models of maternity care are needed which go beyond clinical care and address migrant women's unique socioeconomic and psychosocial needs

The clinical pharmacology of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) therapy failure

The work in my thesis focuses on developing highly sensitive tests, using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the measurement of antiretroviral drugs within plasma, cells, and cerebral spinal fluid from clinical studies evaluating compartmentalised antiretroviral therapy (ART) pharmacokinetics and forgiveness for missed or late dosing. Firstly I developed and validated a LC-MS/MS assay to quantify the antiretroviral (ARV) drugs, lopinavir, darunavir, ritonavir and raltegravir in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). This intracellular assay included optimising methodology for cell separation to minimise loss of drug (Chapter 4). All drugs eluted within an 8 minute run time. Matrix effects were minimal (-2.9%). Calibration curves were validated over a concentration range of 0.4-150ng/mL. Intra and inter assay variation ranged between 0.01-2.29% for precision and 96.76-102.32% for accuracy. Secondly I developed and validated a LC-MS/MS assay to simultaneously detect and quantify 10 ARVs; maraviroc (MVC), nevirapine (NVP), rilpivirine (RPV), raltegravir (RAL), atazanavir (ATV), darunavir (DRV), amprenavir (APV), ritonavir (RTV), lopinavir (LPV) and etravirine (ETV) in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). All drugs eluted within a 10 minute run time. Calibration curves were validated over the following concentration ranges; LPV, MVC, RTV = 0.78-100 ng/mL, RAL, APV, ATV, RPV, ETV, DRV = 1.95-250 ng/mL and NVP = 19.5-2500 ng/mL (r2 values >0.99; quadratic 1/x). Intra and inter assay variation ranged between 1.59-15% for precision and -10.5-6.4% for accuracy. Carryover was 70% and the CV% at low, medium and high concentrations was less than 20% for all drugs. Thirdly I developed and validated a LC-MS/MS assay to quantify intracellular tenofovir-diphosphate (TFV-DP) and emtricitabine-triphosphate (FTC-TP) within PBMCs. This work was very technically challenging and something that was not being done by any other laboratory within the United Kingdom. Analytes eluted within 12 minutes run-time with adequate separation. Calibration curves were validated over the following range TFV-DP=0.35-10.91 ng/mL, FTC-TP=0.38-103.17 ng/mL (r2 values >0.99; linear 1/x). The lower limit of quantification was 5% and carryove