Amino modified metal-organic frameworks as pH-responsive nanoplatforms for safe delivery of camptothecin

[EN] MIL-100(Fe) and MIL-101(Fe) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are excellent vehicles for drug delivery systems (DDSs) due to their high biocompatibility and stability in physiological fluids, as well as their pore diameter in the mesoporous range. Although they are appropriate for the internal diffusion of 20-(S)-camptothecin (CPT), a strongly cytotoxic molecule with excellent antitumor activity, no stable delivery system has been proposed so far for this drug based in MOFs. We here present novel DDSs based in amine functionalized MIL-100(Fe) and MIL-101(Fe) nanoMOFs with covalently bonded CPT. These CPT nanoplatforms are able to incorporate almost 20% of this molecule and show high stability at physiological pH, with no non-specific release. Based on their surface charge, some of these CPT loaded nanoMOFs present improved cell internalization in in vitro experiments. Moreover, a strong response to acid pH is observed, with up to four fold drug discharge at pH 5, which boost intracellular release by endosomolytic activity. These novel DDSs will help to achieve safe delivery of the very cytotoxic CPT, allowing to reduce the therapeutic dose and minimizing drug secondary effects. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Financial support of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (projects TEC2016-80976-R and SEV-2016-0683) is gratefully acknowledged. A.C.G. thanks the La Caixa Foundation for a Ph.D. scholarship. We fully appreciate the assistance of the Electron Microscopy Service of the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia.Cabrera-García, A.; Checa-Chavarria, E.; Rivero-Buceta, EM.; Moreno Manzano, V.; Fernandez Jover, E.; Botella Asuncion, P. (2019). Amino modified metal-organic frameworks as pH-responsive nanoplatforms for safe delivery of camptothecin. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 541:163-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2019.01.042S16317454

Prácticas de laboratorio interdisciplinares de alto nivel científico con alumnos de diferentes grados universitarios guiados por WebQuest AICLE

[ES] Cada vez resulta más importante la colaboración entre expertos de diferentes áreas científicas multidisciplinares. En este trabajo, se han realizado prácticas de laboratorio agrupando alumnos de cuatro grados universitarios del área de biomedicina: Biotecnología, Ciencias del Mar, Veterinaria, Odontología y un grado impartido en inglés: Dentistry. Las asignaturas, que participaron en el estudio fueron: Biorreactores, Cultivos Celulares, Microbiología Marina, Microbiología Veterinaria, Microbiología de Odontología y Microbiology de Dentistry. Se abordó el tema de las síntesis química y por impresión 3D de biomateriales, su caracterización antimicrobiana por tres métodos complementarios (difusión en agar, contacto y formación de biofilm en biorreactor) y repoblación por cultivo con células madre adultas. Se diseñó una WebQuest con las instrucciones, laboratorio virtual y guías de prácticas en formato digital. Con motivo de llevar a cabo un Aprendizaje Integrado de Contenido y de Lenguas Extranjeras (AICLE), la WebQuest fue diseñada en inglés y los participantes realizaron una exposición en inglés al finalizar la experiencia. Las prácticas fueron realizadas en los laboratorios de la Universidad Católica de Valencia y en el Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe. Este procedimiento fue evaluado mediante un cuestionario de 14 preguntas, y mediante dos rúbricas para las memorias y exposiciones.[EN] Collaboration between experts from different scientific areas is becoming more and more important. Thus, in this work, transversal laboratory sessions have been carried out by students from four different university bachelor’s degrees in the area of biomedicine: Biotechnology, Marine Sciences, Veterinary, Dentistry and a degree taught in English: Dentistry. The subjects that participated in the study were: bioreactors, cell cultures, marine microbiology, veterinary microbiology and dentistry microbiology. Working teams addressing a scientific topic such as chemical synthesis and 3D printing of biomaterials, their antimicrobial characterization by three complementary methods (diffusion in agar, contact and biofilm formation in bioreactor) and repopulation by adult stem cell culture. A WebQuest was designed with the instructions, virtual laboratory and laboratory sessions guides in digital format. In order to carry out a Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), the WebQuest was designed in English and the participants made a presentation in English at the end of this experience. The laboratory sessions were carried out in the laboratories of the Catholic University of Valencia and in the Príncipe Felipe Research Center. This procedure was evaluated through a questionnaire of 14 questions, and by means of two rubrics used for the reports and expositions.Serrano-Aroca, Á.; Frígols, B.; Martí, M.; Ingresa-Capaccioni, S.; Moreno-Manzano, V. (2019). Prácticas de laboratorio interdisciplinares de alto nivel científico con alumnos de diferentes grados universitarios guiados por WebQuest AICLE. En IN-RED 2019. V Congreso de Innovación Educativa y Docencia en Red. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 141-155. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2019.2019.10365OCS14115

PSMA-Targeted Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Selective Intracellular Delivery of Docetaxel in Prostate Cancer Cells

[EN] Although docetaxel is currently broadly used in prostate cancer treatment, poor water solubility and systemic toxicity limit the dose and duration of therapy. In this context, although different nanoplatforms have been proposed to overcome these issues, selective therapy needs developing methodologies to target malignant cells and minimizing the impact on healthy tissue. We here present a novel drug delivery system obtained by covalent conjugation of docetaxel and an anti-prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) molecule (anti-FOLH1 monoclonal antibody, clone C803N) over mesoporous silica nanoparticles. This conjugate remains stable in physiological medium and shows high selectivity for LNCaP, a specific cell line that overexpresses PSMA. As a consequence, cell internalization is increased by 25%. Furthermore, cytotoxic activity of the targeted system increases by 2-fold with regard to nontargeted nanoparticles and by 2 orders with regard to the naked drug. Conversely, no targeting effect is observed over PC3, a nonbearing PSMA cell line. We expect that this therapeutic system shows strong potential for treating nonmetastatic prostate cancer, mostly through intraprostatic administration.Financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (projects MAT2015-66666-C3-2-R, TEC2016-80976-R, and SEV-2016-0683) and the Generalitat Valenciana (project PROMETEO/2017/060) is gratefully acknowledged. We appreciate the assistance of the Electron Microscopy Service of the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia.Rivero-Buceta, EM.; Vidaurre Agut, CM.; Vera Donoso, CD.; Benlloch Baviera, JM.; Moreno Manzano, V.; Botella Asuncion, P. (2019). PSMA-Targeted Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Selective Intracellular Delivery of Docetaxel in Prostate Cancer Cells. ACS Omega. 4(1):1281-1291. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.8b02909S128112914

Biohybrids for spinal cord injury repair

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Martínez-Ramos, C, Doblado, LR, Mocholi, EL, et al. Biohybrids for spinal cord injury repair. J Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2019; 13: 509-521, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/term.2816. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.[EN] Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) result in the loss of sensory and motor function with massive cell death and axon degeneration. We have previously shown that transplantation of spinal cord-derived ependymal progenitor cells (epSPC) significantly improves functional recovery after acute and chronic SCI in experimental models, via neuronal differentiation and trophic glial cell support. Here, we propose an improved procedure based on transplantation of epSPC in a tubular conduit of hyaluronic acid containing poly (lactic acid) fibres creating a biohybrid scaffold. In vitro analysis showed that the poly (lactic acid) fibres included in the conduit induce a preferential neuronal fate of the epSPC rather than glial differentiation, favouring elongation of cellular processes. The safety and efficacy of the biohybrid implantation was evaluated in a complete SCI rat model. The conduits allowed efficient epSPC transfer into the spinal cord, improving the preservation of the neuronal tissue by increasing the presence of neuronal fibres at the injury site and by reducing cavities and cyst formation. The biohybrid-implanted animals presented diminished astrocytic reactivity surrounding the scar area, an increased number of preserved neuronal fibres with a horizontal directional pattern, and enhanced coexpression of the growth cone marker GAP43. The biohybrids offer an improved method for cell transplantation with potential capabilities for neuronal tissue regeneration, opening a promising avenue for cell therapies and SCI treatment.Secretaria de Estado de Investigacion, Desarrollo e Innovacion, Grant/Award Number: MAT2015-66666-C3-1-R MINECO/FEDER MAT2015-66666-C3-2-R MINECO/FEDER; Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports through Laura Rodriguez Doblado, Grant/Award Number: FPU15/04975Martínez-Ramos, C.; Rodriguez Doblado, L.; López Mocholi, E.; Alastrue-Agudo, A.; Sánchez Petidier, M.; Giraldo-Reboloso, E.; Monleón Pradas, M.... (2019). Biohybrids for spinal cord injury repair. Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. 13(3):509-521. https://doi.org/10.1002/term.2816S509521133Ahuja, C. S., & Fehlings, M. (2016). Concise Review: Bridging the Gap: Novel Neuroregenerative and Neuroprotective Strategies in Spinal Cord Injury. 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Inflammation and its role in neuroprotection, axonal regeneration and functional recovery after spinal cord injury. Experimental Neurology, 209(2), 378-388. doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2007.06.009Erceg, S., Ronaghi, M., Oria, M., García Roselló, M., Aragó, M. A. P., Lopez, M. G., … Stojkovic, M. (2010). Transplanted Oligodendrocytes and Motoneuron Progenitors Generated from Human Embryonic Stem Cells Promote Locomotor Recovery After Spinal Cord Transection. STEM CELLS, 28(9), 1541-1549. doi:10.1002/stem.489Gómez-Villafuertes, R., Rodríguez-Jiménez, F. J., Alastrue-Agudo, A., Stojkovic, M., Miras-Portugal, M. T., & Moreno-Manzano, V. (2015). Purinergic Receptors in Spinal Cord-Derived Ependymal Stem/Progenitor Cells and Their Potential Role in Cell-Based Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury. Cell Transplantation, 24(8), 1493-1509. doi:10.3727/096368914x682828Hesp, Z. C., Goldstein, E. A., Miranda, C. J., Kaspar, B. K., & McTigue, D. M. (2015). Chronic Oligodendrogenesis and Remyelination after Spinal Cord Injury in Mice and Rats. Journal of Neuroscience, 35(3), 1274-1290. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2568-14.2015Kjell, J., & Olson, L. (2016). Rat models of spinal cord injury: from pathology to potential therapies. Disease Models & Mechanisms, 9(10), 1125-1137. doi:10.1242/dmm.025833Kumar, P., Choonara, Y., Modi, G., Naidoo, D., & Pillay, V. (2015). Multifunctional Therapeutic Delivery Strategies for Effective Neuro-Regeneration Following Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 21(12), 1517-1528. doi:10.2174/1381612821666150115152323Li, G., Che, M.-T., Zhang, K., Qin, L.-N., Zhang, Y.-T., Chen, R.-Q., … Zeng, Y.-S. (2016). Graft of the NT-3 persistent delivery gelatin sponge scaffold promotes axon regeneration, attenuates inflammation, and induces cell migration in rat and canine with spinal cord injury. Biomaterials, 83, 233-248. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.11.059Li, X., & Dai, J. (2018). Bridging the gap with functional collagen scaffolds: tuning endogenous neural stem cells for severe spinal cord injury repair. Biomaterials Science, 6(2), 265-271. doi:10.1039/c7bm00974gLiang, Y., Walczak, P., & Bulte, J. W. M. (2013). The survival of engrafted neural stem cells within hyaluronic acid hydrogels. Biomaterials, 34(22), 5521-5529. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.03.095Lim, S. H., Liu, X. Y., Song, H., Yarema, K. J., & Mao, H.-Q. (2010). The effect of nanofiber-guided cell alignment on the preferential differentiation of neural stem cells. Biomaterials, 31(34), 9031-9039. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.08.021Liu, C., Huang, Y., Pang, M., Yang, Y., Li, S., Liu, L., … Liu, B. (2015). Tissue-Engineered Regeneration of Completely Transected Spinal Cord Using Induced Neural Stem Cells and Gelatin-Electrospun Poly (Lactide-Co-Glycolide)/Polyethylene Glycol Scaffolds. PLOS ONE, 10(3), e0117709. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0117709Lu, P., Wang, Y., Graham, L., McHale, K., Gao, M., Wu, D., … Tuszynski, M. H. (2012). Long-Distance Growth and Connectivity of Neural Stem Cells after Severe Spinal Cord Injury. Cell, 150(6), 1264-1273. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.08.020Morita, S., & Miyata, S. (2012). Synaptic localization of growth-associated protein 43 in cultured hippocampal neurons during synaptogenesis. Cell Biochemistry and Function, 31(5), 400-411. doi:10.1002/cbf.2914Ortuño-Lizarán, I., Vilariño-Feltrer, G., Martínez-Ramos, C., Pradas, M. M., & Vallés-Lluch, A. (2016). Influence of synthesis parameters on hyaluronic acid hydrogels intended as nerve conduits. Biofabrication, 8(4), 045011. doi:10.1088/1758-5090/8/4/045011Raspa, A., Marchini, A., Pugliese, R., Mauri, M., Maleki, M., Vasita, R., & Gelain, F. (2016). A biocompatibility study of new nanofibrous scaffolds for nervous system regeneration. Nanoscale, 8(1), 253-265. doi:10.1039/c5nr03698dRequejo-Aguilar, R., Alastrue-Agudo, A., Cases-Villar, M., Lopez-Mocholi, E., England, R., Vicent, M. J., & Moreno-Manzano, V. (2017). Combined polymer-curcumin conjugate and ependymal progenitor/stem cell treatment enhances spinal cord injury functional recovery. Biomaterials, 113, 18-30. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.10.032Rodriguez-Jimenez, F. J., Alastrue, A., Stojkovic, M., Erceg, S., & Moreno-Manzano, V. (2016). Connexin 50 modulates Sox2 expression in spinal-cord-derived ependymal stem/progenitor cells. Cell and Tissue Research, 365(2), 295-307. doi:10.1007/s00441-016-2421-ySimitzi, C., Ranella, A., & Stratakis, E. (2017). Controlling the morphology and outgrowth of nerve and neuroglial cells: The effect of surface topography. Acta Biomaterialia, 51, 21-52. doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2017.01.023Steward, O., Sharp, K. G., Yee, K. M., Hatch, M. N., & Bonner, J. F. (2014). Characterization of Ectopic Colonies That Form in Widespread Areas of the Nervous System with Neural Stem Cell Transplants into the Site of a Severe Spinal Cord Injury. Journal of Neuroscience, 34(42), 14013-14021. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3066-14.2014Stokols, S., & Tuszynski, M. H. (2006). Freeze-dried agarose scaffolds with uniaxial channels stimulate and guide linear axonal growth following spinal cord injury. Biomaterials, 27(3), 443-451. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.06.039Straley, K. S., Foo, C. W. P., & Heilshorn, S. C. (2010). Biomaterial Design Strategies for the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injuries. Journal of Neurotrauma, 27(1), 1-19. doi:10.1089/neu.2009.0948Theodore, N., Hlubek, R., Danielson, J., Neff, K., Vaickus, L., Ulich, T. R., & Ropper, A. E. (2016). First Human Implantation of a Bioresorbable Polymer Scaffold for Acute Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. Neurosurgery, 79(2), E305-E312. doi:10.1227/neu.0000000000001283Tian, L., Prabhakaran, M. P., & Ramakrishna, S. (2015). 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Activation of Neurogenesis in Multipotent Stem Cells Cultured In Vitro and in the Spinal Cord Tissue After Severe Injury by Inhibition of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3

The inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) can induce neurogenesis, and the associated activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling via GSK-3 inhibition may represent a means to promote motor function recovery following spinal cord injury (SCI) via increased astrocyte migration, reduced astrocyte apoptosis, and enhanced axonal growth. Herein, we assessed the effects of GSK-3 inhibition in vitro on the neurogenesis of ependymal stem/progenitor cells (epSPCs) resident in the mouse spinal cord and of human embryonic stem cell-derived neural progenitors (hESC-NPs) and human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitors (hiPSC-NPs) and in vivo on spinal cord tissue regeneration and motor activity after SCI. We report that the treatment of epSPCs and human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitors (hPSC-NPs) with the GSK-3 inhibitor Ro3303544 activates β-catenin signaling and increases the expression of the bIII-tubulin neuronal marker; furthermore, the differentiation of Ro3303544-treated cells prompted an increase in the number of terminally differentiated neurons. Administration of a water-soluble, bioavailable form of this GSK-3 inhibitor (Ro3303544-Cl) in a severe SCI mouse model revealed the increased expression of bIII-tubulin in the injury epicenter. Treatment with Ro3303544-Cl increased survival of mature neuron types from the propriospinal tract (vGlut1, Parv) and raphe tract (5-HT), protein kinase C gamma-positive neurons, and GABAergic interneurons (GAD65/67) above the injury epicenter. Moreover, we observed higher numbers of newly born BrdU/DCX-positive neurons in Ro3303544-Cl-treated animal tissues, a reduced area delimited by astrocyte scar borders, and improved motor function. Based on this study, we believe that treating animals with epSPCs or hPSC-NPs in combination with Ro3303544-Cl deserves further investigation towards the development of a possible therapeutic strategy for SCI

SQANTI : extensive characterization of long-read transcript sequences for quality control in full-length transcriptome identification and quantification

High-throughput sequencing of full-length transcripts using long reads has paved the way for the discovery of thousands of novel transcripts, even in well-annotated mammalian species. The advances in sequencing technology have created a need for studies and tools that can characterize these novel variants. Here, we present SQANTI, an automated pipeline for the classification of long-read transcripts that can assess the quality of data and the preprocessing pipeline using 47 unique descriptors. We apply SQANTI to a neuronal mouse transcriptome using Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) long reads and illustrate how the tool is effective in characterizing and describing the composition of the full-length transcriptome. We perform extensive evaluation of ToFU PacBio transcripts by PCR to reveal that an important number of the novel transcripts are technical artifacts of the sequencing approach and that SQANTI quality descriptors can be used to engineer a filtering strategy to remove them. Most novel transcripts in this curated transcriptome are novel combinations of existing splice sites, resulting more frequently in novel ORFs than novel UTRs, and are enriched in both general metabolic and neural-specific functions. We show that these new transcripts have a major impact in the correct quantification of transcript levels by state-of-the-art short-read-based quantification algorithms. By comparing our iso-transcriptome with public proteomics databases, we find that alternative isoforms are elusive to proteogenomics detection. SQANTI allows the user to maximize the analytical outcome of long-read technologies by providing the tools to deliver quality-evaluated and curated full-length transcriptomes

Consumo e gênero: uma revisão da produção historiográfica recente sobre a América Latina no século XX

A partir de una revisión de la producción historiográfica reciente que estudia el siglo XX, este artículo muestra la relevancia del género para la construcción de una historia del consumo en América Latina. Con este objetivo, se enfoca el análisis en tres líneas de investigación que, desde una aproximación interseccional, aportan nuevas miradas y preguntas: la primera destaca la dimensión política del consumo, centrándose en la relación entre género y clase; la segunda aborda consumo y trabajo doméstico, señalando el vínculo entre género y nación; y la tercera analiza cultura material y corporalidades, destacando la articulación entre género y edad.Starting from a recent historiographical production’s revision studying the 20th Century, this article depicts the relevance of gender for the history of consumption-building in Latin America. Bearing that in mind, the analysis is geared to three researching lines, contributing with new perspectives and questions, as from an inter sectorial approach: the first one highlights the political dimension of consumption based upon the interaction between gender and class; the second addresses consumption and domestic work, displaying a link between gender and nation, and the third one analyses material culture and corporality emphasizing upon the articulation between gender and age.A partir de uma revisão da produção historiográfica recente que estuda o século XX, este artigo mostra a relevância do gênero para a construção de uma história do consumo na América Latina. Com esse objetivo, a análise está focada em três linhas de pesquisa que, sob uma aproximação interseccional, contribuem com novos olhares e perguntas: a primeira destaca a dimensão política do consumo e foca-se na relação gênero e classe; a segunda aborda consumo e trabalho doméstico, e sinaliza o vínculo entre gênero e nação; a terceira analisa cultura material e corporalidade, e destaca a articulação entre gênero e idade.Fil: Pérez, Inés. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Humanidades. Departamento de Sociologia; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Humanidades. Departamento de Historia. Centro de Estudios Históricos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata; Argentin