10 research outputs found
Representational Momentum in the Expertise Context:Support for the Theory of Event Coding as an Explanation for Action Anticipation
Lets go Surfing now, everybody's learning how; attentional strategies on expert and novice surfing performance under both practice and competition conditions
Sequencing of diverse mandarin, pummelo and orange genomes reveals complex history of admixture during citrus domestication
Cultivated citrus are selections from, or hybrids of, wild progenitor species whose identities and contributions to citrus domestication remain controversial. Here we sequence and compare citrus genomes-a high-quality reference haploid clementine genome and mandarin, pummelo, sweet-orange and sour-orange genomes-and show that cultivated types derive from two progenitor species. Although cultivated pummelos represent selections from one progenitor species, Citrus maxima, cultivated mandarins are introgressions of C. maxima into the ancestral mandarin species Citrus reticulata. The most widely cultivated citrus, sweet orange, is the offspring of previously admixed individuals, but sour orange is an F1 hybrid of pure C. maxima and C. reticulata parents, thus implying that wild mandarins were part of the early breeding germplasm. A Chinese wild 'mandarin' diverges substantially from C. reticulata, thus suggesting the possibility of other unrecognized wild citrus species. Understanding citrus phylogeny through genome analysis clarifies taxonomic relationships and facilitates sequence-directed genetic improvement. (Résumé d'auteur
Representational momentum reveals visual anticipation differences in the upper and lower visual fields
Practice with anxiety improves performance, but only when anxious: evidence for the specificity of practice hypothesis
Different cues of personality and health from the face and gait of women
Redundant cues for attractiveness in humans have been identified, but the idea of
multiple systems displaying different socially-relevant traits has yet to be extensively
examined. We compared the accuracy with which observers could identify socially-relevant
information of female targets, both from static images of their faces, and from point-light
displays of their gait. Perception of extraversion was at chance. However, agreeableness and
sociosexuality were more accurately perceived from the face than gait, while physical health
showed the opposite pattern. This double dissociation suggests different information can be
carried in different modalities. In addition, partial correlation analyses suggested that even
when both modalities allowed accurate trait identification, the information content was
different. Our results demonstrate that cues of different socially-relevant traits are
communicated more effectively through different modalities, and these modality-specific
cues contain distinctive information, supporting a âmultiple messagesâ hypothesis
The movement kinematics and learning strategies associated with adopting different foci of attention during both acquisition and anxious performance
Research suggests that implicit strategies adopted during learning help prevent breakdown of automatic processes and subsequent performance decrements associated with the presence of pressure. According to the Constrained Action Hypothesis, automaticity of movement is promoted when adopting an external focus of attention. The purpose of the current experiment was to investigate if learning with an external focus of attention can enhance performance under subsequent pressure situations through promoting implicit learning and automaticity. Since previous research has generally used outcome measures of performance, the current study adopted measures of movement production. Specifically, we calculated within-subject variability in trajectory velocity and distance traveled every 10% of movement time. This detailed kinematic analysis allowed investigation into some of the previously unexplored mechanisms responsible for the benefits of adopting an external focus of attention. Novice participants performed a 2.5m golf putt. Following a pre-test, participants were randomly assigned to one of three focus groups (internal, external, control). Participants then completed 400 acquisition trials over two consecutive days before being subjected to both a low anxiety and high anxiety (HA) transfer test. Dependent variables included variability, number of successful putts and mean radial error. Results revealed that variability was greater in the internal compared to the external and control groups. Putting performance revealed that all groups increased performance following acquisition. However, only the control group demonstrated a decrement in performance in the HA transfer test.These findings suggest that adopting an appropriate focus of attention during learning can prevent choking; with an external focus inhibiting the breakdown of automatic processes and an internal focus acting as a self-focus learning strategy and thus desensitizing individuals to anxiety effects