Value of immunogenicity studies of influenza vaccine in resource-limited settings

Correspondenc

Actores intermédios da orgânica empresarial: o futuro do emprego, das competências e da formação

O estudo tem por objectivo central analisar as dinâmicas profissionais dos actores intermédios da orgânica empresarial, especialmente os referenciais de emprego, as competências em emergência, o seu papel nos processos de mudança organizacional, as vivências profissionais, as dificuldades sentidas e a igualdade de oportunidades, com um enfoque em contextos locais e regionais e em empresas posicionadas numa dinâmica de clusters e de especialização internacional face aos desafios para o futuro de Portugal, visando forjar o novo quadro de funções, competências e formação adequado aos actores intermédios.QREN/POEFDSinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

On the Welfare Costs of Business-Cycle Fluctuations and Economic-Growth Variation in the 20th Century

Lucas (1987) has shown a surprising result in business-cycle research: the welfare cost ofbusiness cycles are very small. Our paper has several original contributions. First, in computingwelfare costs, we propose a novel setup that separates the effects of uncertainty stemming frombusiness-cycle fluctuations and economic-growth variation. Second, we extend the sample from which to compute the moments of consumption: the whole of the literature chose primarily to work with post-WWII data. For this period, actual consumption is already a result of counter-cyclical policies, and is potentially smoother than what it otherwise have been in their absence. So, we employ also pre-WWII data. Third, we take an econometric approach and compute explicitly the asymptotic standard deviation of welfare costs using the Delta Method. Estimates of welfare costs show major differences for the pre-WWII and the post-WWII era. They can reach up to 15 times for reasonable parameter values -β=0.985, and ∅=5. For example, in the pre-WWII period (1901-1941), welfare cost estimates are 0.31% of consumption if we consider only permanent shocks and 0.61% of consumption if we consider only transitory shocks. In comparison, the post-WWII era is much quieter: welfare costs of economic growth are 0.11% and welfare costs of business cycles are 0.037% - the latter being very close to the estimate in Lucas (0.040%). Estimates of marginal welfare costs are roughly twice the size of the total welfare costs. For the pre-WWII era, marginal welfare costs of economic-growth and business- cycle fluctuations are respectively 0.63% and 1.17% of per-capita consumption. The same figures for the post-WWII era are, respectively, 0.21% and 0.07% of per-capita consumption.

The Reflecting Heliometer of Rio de Janeiro after 6 Years of Activity

Started its regular, daily operational phase in 2011 and installed in 2009 by the occasion of the Symp264 in the XXVII IAU GA at Rio de Janeiro, the results so far obtained show that the Heliometer of the Observatorio Nacional fulfilled its planed performance of single measurement to the level of few tens of milli-arcsecond, freely pivoting around the heliolatitudes without systematic deviations or error enhancement. We present and discuss the astrometric additions required on ground based astronomic programs. We also discuss instrumental and observations terms, namely the constancy of the basic heliometric angle, against which the measurements are made, and the independence to meteorological and pointing conditions.Comment: 3 pages 2 double figures, proc. of IAU GA 2015 meeting no. 29, no. 224337

Occupational exposure to silica in Brazil in 2001

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the number of Brazilian workers exposed to silica in 2001. METHODS: Information on occupation and industry for the year 2001 was linked through a job exposure matrix (JEM) of 347 job categories in 25 industries. Data on the number of workers were extracted from the National Workforce Database of the Ministry of Labor and Employment. Two experts classified silica exposure according to frequency in four categories, according to weekly proportion of exposure to silica in the work environment. RESULTS: 31,451,594 (85.7%) workers were classified as not exposed; 976,939 (2.65%) as possibly exposed; 2,404,955 (6.52%) as probably exposed; and 2,065,929 (5.6%) as definitely exposed to silica. Industries with a higher prevalence were: construction 65%, quarrying 59%, manufacturing of non metallic mineral products 55%, manufacturing of basic metals 24%, and rent of machinery and other business activities 2%. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of Brazilian workers definitely exposed to silica is higher than the one observed in European countries, where similar studies were conducted.OBJETIVO: Estimar o número de trabalhadores brasileiros expostos à sílica no ano de 2001. MÉTODO: Informações sobre ocupações e setores econômicos foram reunidas em uma matriz de exposição ocupacional (MEO) com 347 categorias ocupacionais por 25 subsetores econômicos. Informações sobre o número de trabalhadores por ocupação foram extraídas da base de dados Relatório Anual de Informações Sociais (RAIS) do Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego. A exposição à sílica foi avaliada e classificada por dois peritos em quatro categorias, de acordo com a freqüência semanal de exposição no ambiente de trabalho. RESULTADOS: Foram considerados não expostos 31.451.594 trabalhadores (85,7%), possivelmente expostos 976.939 (2,65%), provavelmente expostos 2.404.955 (6,52%) e definitivamente expostos à sílica 2.065.929 (5,6%). Os setores com a maior prevalência de exposição foram: construção civil 65%, extração de pedras 59%, indústria de mineral não metálico 55% e indústria metalúrgica 24%. No setor de serviços de terceiros, a prevalência foi de 2%. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de trabalhadores brasileiros definitivamente expostos à sílica é mais alta do que aquela observada em países europeus, onde estudos semelhantes foram conduzidos.Universidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroInstituto Nacional do CâncerUniversidade de Federal de São Paulo Departamento de EnfermagemFundacentro Centro Técnico Nacional Divisão MedicinaUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade Saúde Pública Departamento de EpidemiologiaSciEL

The cerebellum in Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism in cerebellar disorders

Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Ataxia Unit, Dept Neurol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Ataxia Unit, Dept Neurol, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Discrimination of three Pegaga (Centella) varieties and determination of growth-lighting effects on metabolites content based on chemometry of 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

The metabolites of three species of Apiaceae, also known as Pegaga, were analyzed utilizing (1)H NMR spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) resolved the species, Centella asiatica, Hydrocotyle bonariensis, and Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides, into three clusters. The saponins, asiaticoside and madecassoside, along with chlorogenic acids were the metabolites that contributed most to the separation. Furthermore, the effects of growth-lighting condition to metabolite contents were also investigated. The extracts of C. asiatica grown in full-day light exposure exhibited a stronger radical scavenging activity and contained more triterpenes (asiaticoside and madecassoside), flavonoids, and chlorogenic acids as compared to plants grown in 50% shade. This study established the potential of using a combination of (1)H NMR spectroscopy and multivariate data analyses in differentiating three closely related species and the effects of growth lighting, based on their metabolite contents and identification of the markers contributing to their differences