The tilting rate of the Milky Way's disc

We present tilting rates for galaxies comparable to the Milky Way (MW) in a Λ cold dark matter cosmological hydrodynamical simulation, and compare these with the predicted tilting rate detection limit of the Gaia satellite 0.28° Gyr−1. We first identify galaxies with mass comparable to the MW (9 × 1011 ≤ M200 ≤ 1.2 × 1012 M⊙) and consider the tilting rates between z = 0.3 and 0. This sample yields a tilting rate of 7.6° ± 4.5° Gyr−1. We constrain our sample further to exclude any galaxies that have high stellar accretion during the same time. We still find significant tilting, with an average rate of 6.3° Gyr−1. Both subsamples tilt with rates significantly above Gaia's predicted detection limit. We show that our sample of galaxies covers a wide range of environments, including some similar to the MW's. We find galaxies in denser regions tilt with higher rates then galaxies in less dense regions. We also find correlations between the angular misalignment of the hot gas corona and the tilting rate. Gaia is likely to be able to directly measure tilting in the MW. Such a detection will provide an important constraint on the environment of the MW, including the rate of gas cooling on to the disc, the shape and orientation of its dark matter halo, and the mass of the Large Magellanic Cloud. Conversely, failure to detect tilting may suggest the MW is in a very quiet configuration

Turbulent Heating between 0.2 and 1 au: A Numerical Study

International audience; The heating of the solar wind is key to understanding its dynamics and acceleration process. The observed radial decrease of the proton temperature in the solar wind is slow compared to the adiabatic prediction, and it is thought to be caused by turbulent dissipation. To generate the observed 1/ R decrease, the dissipation rate has to reach a specific level that varies in turn with temperature, wind speed, and heliocentric distance. We want to prove that MHD turbulent simulations can lead to the 1/ R profile. We consider here the slow solar wind, characterized by a quasi-2D spectral anisotropy. We use the expanding box model equations, which incorporate into 3D MHD equations the expansion due to the mean radial wind, allowing us to follow the plasma evolution between 0.2 and 1 au. We vary the initial parameters: Mach number, expansion parameter, plasma ? , and properties of the energy spectrum as the spectral range and slope. Assuming turbulence starts at 0.2 au with a Mach number equal to unity, with a 3D spectrum mainly perpendicular to the mean field, we find radial temperature profiles close to 1/ R on average. This is done at the price of limiting the initial spectral extent, corresponding to the small number of modes in the inertial range available, due to the modest Reynolds number reachable with high Mach numbers

Evolution of Charge-Lattice Dynamics across the Kuramoto Synchronization Phase Diagram of Quantum Tunneling Polarons in Cuprate Superconductors

Because of its sensitivity to the instantaneous structure factor, S(Q,t = 0), Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) is a powerful tool for probing the dynamic structure of condensed matter systems in which the charge and lattice dynamics are coupled. When applied to hole-doped cuprate superconductors, EXAFS has revealed the presence of internal quantum tunneling polarons (IQTPs). An IQTP arises in EXAFS as a two-site distribution for certain Cu–O pairs, which is also duplicated in inelastic scattering but not observed in standard diffraction measurements. The Cu–Sr pair distribution has been found to be highly anharmonic and strongly correlated to both the IQTPs and to superconductivity, as, for example, in YSr2Cu2.75Mo0.25O7.54(Tc=84 K). In order to describe such nontrivial, anharmonic charge-lattice dynamics, we have proposed a model Hamiltonian for a prototype six-atom cluster, in which two Cu-apical-O IQTPs are charge-transfer bridged through Cu atoms by an O atom in the CuO2 plane and are anharmonically coupled via a Sr atom. By applying an exact diagonalization procedure to this cluster, we have verified that our model indeed produces an intricate interplay between charge and lattice dynamics. Then, by using the Kuramoto model for the synchronization of coupled quantum oscillators, we have found a first-order phase transition for the IQTPs into a synchronized, phase-locked phase. Most importantly, we have shown that this transition results specifically from the anharmonicity. Finally, we have provided a phase diagram showing the onset of the phase-locking of IQTPs as a function of the charge-lattice and anharmonic couplings in our model. We have found that the charge, initially confined to the apical oxygens, is partially pumped into the CuO2 plane in the synchronized phase, which suggests a possible connection between the synchronized dynamic structure and high-temperature superconductivity (HTSC) in doped cuprates

The Impact of Healthy Parenting As a Protective Factor for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Adulthood: A Case-Control Study

Background: Early life social adversity can influence stress response mechanisms and is associated with anxious behaviour and reductions in callosal area later in life.Objective: To evaluate the association between perceptions of parental bonding in childhood/adolescence, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response, and callosal structural integrity in adult victims of severe urban violence with and without PTSD.Methods: Seventy-one individuals with PTSD and 62 without the disorder were assessed with the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI). the prednisolone suppression test was administered to assess cortisol levels, and magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess the total area of the corpus callosum (CC), as well as the areas of callosal subregions.Results: the PBI items related to the perception of 'not having a controlling mother' (OR 4.84; 95% CI [2.26-10.3]; p = 0.01), 'having a caring father' (OR 2.46; 95'% CI [1.18-5.12]; p = 0.02), and 'not having controlling parents' (OR 2.70; 95% CI [1.10-6.63]; p = 0.04) were associated with a lower risk of PTSD. the PTSD group showed a blunted response to the prednisolone suppression test, with lower salivary cortisol levels upon waking up (p = 0.03). Individuals with PTSD had smaller total CC area than those without the disorder, but these differences were not statistically significant (e-value = 0.34).Conclusions: Healthy parental bonding, characterized by the perception of low parental control and high affection, were associated with a lower risk of PTSD in adulthood, suggesting that emotional enrichment and the encouragement of autonomy are protective against PTSD in adulthood.National Research Council (CNP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fed Univ São Paulo UNIFESP, São Paulo Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Dept Math & Stat, BR-09500900 São Paulo, BrazilFed Univ São Paulo UNIFESP, Interdisciplinary Lab Clin Neurosci LiNC, São Paulo, BrazilFed Univ São Paulo UNIFESP, São Paulo Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, São Paulo, BrazilFed Univ São Paulo UNIFESP, Interdisciplinary Lab Clin Neurosci LiNC, São Paulo, BrazilNational Research Council (CNP): 420122/2005-2FAPESP: 2004/15039-0Web of Scienc

Surgical Sealant with Integrated Shape‐Morphing Dual Modality Ultrasound and Computed Tomography Sensors for Gastric Leak Detection

Postoperative anastomotic leaks are the most feared complications after gastric surgery. For diagnostics clinicians mostly rely on clinical symptoms such as fever and tachycardia, often developing as a result of an already fully developed, i.e., symptomatic, surgical leak. A gastric fluid responsive, dual modality, electronic‐free, leak sensor system integrable into surgical adhesive suture support materials is introduced. Leak sensors contain high atomic number carbonates embedded in a polyacrylamide matrix, that upon exposure to gastric fluid convert into gaseous carbon dioxide (CO$_{2}$). CO$_{2}$ bubbles remain entrapped in the hydrogel matrix, leading to a distinctly increased echogenic contrast detectable by a low‐cost and portable ultrasound transducer, while the dissolution of the carbonate species and the resulting diffusion of the cation produces a markedly reduced contrast in computed tomography imaging. The sensing elements can be patterned into a variety of characteristic shapes and can be combined with nonreactive tantalum oxide reference elements, allowing the design of shape‐morphing sensing elements visible to the naked eye as well as artificial intelligence‐assisted automated detection. In summary, shape‐morphing dual modality sensors for the early and robust detection of postoperative complications at deep tissue sites, opening new routes for postoperative patient surveillance using existing hospital infrastructure is reported

Dynamic structure factor of the Ising model with purely relaxational dynamics

We compute the dynamic structure factor for the Ising model with a purely relaxational dynamics (model A). We perform a perturbative calculation in the $\epsilon$ expansion, at two loops in the high-temperature phase and at one loop in the temperature magnetic-field plane, and a Monte Carlo simulation in the high-temperature phase. We find that the dynamic structure factor is very well approximated by its mean-field Gaussian form up to moderately large values of the frequency $\omega$ and momentum $k$. In the region we can investigate, $k\xi \lesssim 5$, $\omega \tau \lesssim 10$, where $\xi$ is the correlation length and $\tau$ the zero-momentum autocorrelation time, deviations are at most of a few percent.Comment: 21 pages, 3 figure