Hunting management in relation to profitability aims: red-legged partridge hunting in central Spain

22 páginas, 3 tablas, 2 figuras.Game management is widely implemented in Spain, affecting more than 70 % of land cover. Management intensity may be linked to the financial aims of hunting estates, but no study of these aspects has been developed in Spain, where commercial hunting is common. Through interviews with game managers and field surveys, we quantified physical and economic traits, management techniques and hunting methods in a sample of 59 small game hunting estates located in south-central Spain (where Red-legged partridge hunting has the highest socio-economic importance in the country). We compared non-commercial estates (aimed for leisure, managed mainly by local hunting societies) and commercial estates (aimed at financial benefit); among the latter, we also assessed “intensive” estates (a special category of commercial estates licensed to release farm-reared partridges without temporal or numerical limits throughout the hunting season). Commercial estates had more intensive management, including more and larger partridge releases, higher density of supplementary feeders and more intensive predator control. Thus, any positive or negative effects on biodiversity of these management techniques would be higher in commercial than in non-commercial estates. Commercial estates also retained more natural vegetation, which may help to enhance the landscape and biodiversity value of farmland in central Spain. On the other hand, differences in management and hunting styles were most marked between intensive and other type of estates (both commercial and non-commercial); this indicates that intensive estates are qualitatively different from other small game estates, both ecologically (hunting based on releases and driven shooting) and economically (higher inputs and outputs). It would be desirable to find ways to quantify the environmental or social costs and benefits of different management techniques, and integrate them in the economics of hunting estates.This work was supported by the European Commission under the 7th Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development through project HUNT (212160, FP7-ENV-2007-1), Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (CGL2008-04282/BOS) and the Consejería de Agricultura of Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (JCCM). Additionally, this paper uses partial data from a project funded by the Fundación Fauna y Flora. S. Diaz-Fernandez had a predoctoral grant jointly financed by the European Social Fund and by JCCM, in the framework of the Operational Programme PRINCET 2005-2010. M. Delibes-Mateos is currently holding a Juan de la Cierva research contract awarded by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and the European Social Fund. We thank all game managers for their collaboration, and ADEMAC and the Asociación de cotos de caza menor Sierra de Alcaraz-Campo de Montiel for facilitating this collaboration with game managers. We thank Steve Redpath, Mick Marquiss, Justin Irvine and two anonymous referees for useful comments on the manuscript.Peer reviewe

Mapping poverty at the local level in Europe: A consistent spatial disaggregation of the AROPE indicator for France, Spain, Portugal and the United Kingdom

In the EU, territorial inequalities in terms of income and poverty have been broadly analysed at the national and regional levels. However, mainly due to the lack of reliable data, very little attention has been paid to territorial inequalities within European regions, namely, at a more local level, such as in metropolitan areas, cities or neighbourhoods. This paper proposes a methodology to disaggregate official regional poverty figures into poverty indicators for smaller spatial units, mainly local administrative units. For each country, poverty figures at the regional level from household surveys are combined with microcensus data that contain details on the local entities of residence to disaggregate the regional poverty indicator. In contrast to previous methodologies, our proposed technique guarantees consistency between the local poverty estimates and the regional poverty figures through a second step that adjusts the initial estimates based on generalized cross entropy. The procedure is applied for four European countries: France, Spain, the United Kingdom and Portugal. The resulting local estimates provide an intraregional map of poverty and some insights into the particular behaviour of the capital regions and the disparities between city centres and their surrounding areas.En la UE, las desigualdades territoriales en cuanto a ingresos y pobreza se han analizado ampliamente a nivel nacional y regional. Sin embargo, debido principalmente a la falta de datos fiables, se ha prestado muy poca atención a las desigualdades territoriales dentro de las regiones europeas a un nivel más local, como pueden ser las zonas metropolitanas, las ciudades o los barrios. En el presente artículo se propone una metodología para desglosar las cifras regionales oficiales de pobreza en indicadores de pobreza para unidades espaciales más pequeñas, principalmente unidades administrativas locales. Para cada país, se combinan las cifras de pobreza a nivel regional procedentes de las encuestas de hogares con datos de microcensos que contienen detalles sobre las entidades locales de residencia para desglosar el indicador de pobreza regional. A diferencia de las metodologías anteriores, la técnica que se propone aquí garantiza la coherencia entre las estimaciones de pobreza locales y las cifras de pobreza regionales mediante un segundo paso que ajusta las estimaciones iniciales basadas en la entropía cruzada generalizada. El procedimiento se aplica en cuatro países europeos: Francia, España, el Reino Unido y Portugal. Las estimaciones locales resultantes proporcionan un mapa intrarregional de la pobreza y algunas percepciones del comportamiento particular de las regiones que albergan la capital y las disparidades entre los centros de las ciudades y sus zonas circundantes

The role of economic and social factors driving predator control in central Spain

14 páginas, 3 figuras, 3 tablas.One of the most important human-wildlife conflicts in the world is that where predators are involved. Predators may compete with us for the same resources, such as game species. As a consequence, predators have been frequently controlled by game managers, which has negatively affected many predator populations worldwide. The understanding of human-wildlife conflicts requires a multidisplicinary framework that is rarely considered. We aim to evaluate the attitudes and behavior of game managers with regard to predator management in central Spain, as well as to explore factors that lead to these attitudes and behavior. Data were gathered through face to face interviews with game managers from 59 small-game hunting estates within central Spain. Predator control was employed in 90% of the estates, but control intensity was very variable among estates. Economic interests and perceptions about predators apparently influenced variation in control intensity. The main methods employed were cage-traps and shooting, but some illegal practices (e.g., leg-hold traps or snares without stopping devices) were also admittedly used for carnivores. Most managers considered that efficacy of legal methods for control of foxes (Vulpes vulpes) was very limited. Overall, nonselective methods, such as some types of snares, were more frequently employed in commercial than in noncommercial estates. Most managers believed that predators had an important effect on prey, and therefore that not doing it would lead to smaller hunting bags. Only managers from commercial hunting estates used stronger discourses such as that hunting would be impossible without carrying out predator control, which suggests that their tolerance for predators was lower than that of managers whose main motivation was not economic. Most managers considered that predator control was effective to reduce the number of predators, but only in the short term. Therefore, they highlighted the need of maintaining predator control every year. Our results highlight the important role that both social and economic factors (even stronger than ecological factors) play driving predator control, and therefore the need of incorporating these factors when making decisions to mitigate the human-predator conflict.This work was supported by the European Commission under the 7th Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development through project HUNT (212160, FP7-ENV-2007-1), Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (CGL2008-04282/BOS) and the Consejería de Agricultura of Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha (JCCM).Peer reviewe

Utilidad de la reconstrucción tridimensional con tomografía computarizada en Traumatología y Ortopedia

La reconstrucción tridimensional es una nuev a técnica diagnóstica introducida en cirugía ortopédica y traumatología. Está indicada en algunas fracturas de acetábulo, columna y pelvis porque facilita una visión desde diferente s ángulos y en determinadas lesiones congénitas donde es imprescindible una correcta evaluación preoperatoria. Presentamo s dos paciente s con fracturas acetabulares, otro con lesión me - tastásica en columna lumbar y otro con hipoplasia del arco neural de cuarta vértebra lumbar. La reconstrucción tridimensional fue útil para el definitivo diagnóstico en los cuatro pacientes.Three dimensional images is a new technique introduced in orthopaedic surgery and traumatology. It's indicated for some fractures of the acetabulum, spine or pelvic girdle becaus e supply a vision from differents angles and in determinated congenital damage s who is indispensable an accurate evaluation before the surgery. We presented two patients with acetabular fractures, other with a metastasi c tumour in lumbar spine and anothe r with a hipoplasti c neural arch in a lumbar vertebra. The thre e dimensional reconstruction was useful for the definitive diagnostic in the four patients

Tumor en hueco poplíteo en 1 niño: diagnóstico diferencial a propósito de 1 caso

Se presenta 1 caso de tumoración en hueco poplíteo en 1 paciente de 15 años de edad. En la exploración clínica inicial encontramos una tumoración de consistencia dura sin signos inflamatorios. Los estudios con RNM y gammagrafía ósea nos orientaban hacia una patología benigna. El estudio anatomopatológico realizado tras la exéresis de la tumoración lo caracterizó como zona de necrosis isquémica con calcificación distrófica de la inserción muscular del tendón del músculo semitendinoso.A 15-year-old boy with a poplited tumor in the knee is presented. The initial exploration showed a firm mass without inflammatory signs. RNM and bone scintigraphy disclosed benign pathology. The pathological diagnosis showed a central area of isquemic necrosis, with distrofic calcification of the semitendinous muscle

The TLC: A Novel Auditory Nucleus of the Mammalian Brain

[EN]We have identified a novel nucleus of the mammalian brain and termed it the tectal longitudinal column (TLC). Basic histologic stains, tract-tracing techniques and three-dimensional reconstructions reveal that the rat TLC is a narrow, elongated structure spanning themidbrain tectum longitudinally. This paired nucleus is located close to the midline, immediately dorsal to the periaqueductal gray matter.It occupies what has traditionally been considered the most medial region of the deep superior colliculus and the most medial region of the inferior colliculus. The TLC differs from the neighboring nuclei of the superior and inferior colliculi and the periaqueductal gray by its distinct connections and cytoarchitecture. Extracellular electrophysiological recordings show that TLC neurons respond to auditory stimuli with physiologic properties that differ from those of neurons in the inferior or superior colliculi. We have identified the TLC in rodents, lagomorphs, carnivores, nonhuman primates, and humans, which indicates that the nucleus is conserved across mammals. The discovery of the TLC reveals an unexpected level of longitudinal organization in the mammalian tectum and raises questions as to the participation of this mesencephalic region in essential, yet completely unexplored, aspects of multisensory and/or sensorimotorintegration.[ES]Hemos identificado un nuevo núcleo del cerebro de los mamíferos y lo hemos denominado columna longitudinal tectal (CLT; TLC por sus siglas en inglés). Mediante tinciones histológicas básicas, técnicas de trazado de vías nerviosas y reconstrucciones tridimensionales hemos observado que la CLT es una estructura larga y estrecha que recorre longitudinalmente el techo mesencefálico. Este núcleo par se encuentra próximo a la línea media, inmediatamente dorsal con respecto a la sustancia gris periacueductal. Ocupa un territorio considerado tradicionalmente como la región más medial de las capas profundas del colículo superior y la región más medial del colículo inferior. La CLT difiere de los núcleos que la rodean (colícuo superior, colículo inferior y sustancia gris periacueductal) por sus conexiones y su citoarquitectura. Los registros electrofisiológicos extracelulares muestran que las neuronas de la CLT responden a los estímulos auditivos y que sus propiedades de respuesta son distintas de las de las neuronas de los colículos superior e inferior. Hemos identificado la TLC en el cerebro de roedores, lagomorfos, carnívoros, primates no humanos y seres humanos, lo que indica que el núcleo está filogenéticamente conservado en una gran variedad de mamíferos. El descubrimiento de la CLT revela un insospechado nivel de organización longitudinal en el techo mesencefálico de los mamíferos y suscita preguntas sobre la participación de esta región mesencefálica en aspectos esenciales de la integración multisensorial y/o sensorimotora que hasta ahora no han sido estudiados

Fracturas epifisiolisis graves de la extremidad proximal del radio: resultado tras tratamiento quirúrgico

La fractura-epifisiolisis del cuello radial es una lesión grave que puede originar alteracione s en e l crecimiento epifisario. Presentamo s una seri e de 22 casos revisados con una antigüedad mínima de dos años. Fueron intervenidos 14 pacientes, de los que 10 estaban incluidos en el grupo III o en lesione s de Jeffery. Once enfermos fueron tratado s con cirugí a abierta. Cuando l a intervenció n consisti ó en reducció n abierta y osteosíntesis, los resultados clínicos fueron buenos en el 50%, pero cuando só- lo se practicó reducción cruenta sin asociar sistema estabilizador metálico, éstos llegaron al 100%. En cinco de los ocho paciente s del primer grupo se presentaron calcificacione s articulares y en dos, epifisiodesis. En el segundo grupo no aparecieron ninguna de éstas alteraciones. Creemos que en los casos de fracturas epifisiolisis del cuello radial en niños con gran desplazamiento, el tratamiento ideal es la cuidadosa reducción cruenta evitando fijación con aguja.The fracture epiphysiolysis of radial neck is a grave lesion which may induc e epiphysea l grown disturbances. A review of 22 case s suffering such fracture s was carried out with a mean follow-up of 2 years. Of the total, 14 cases wer e treated by surgery, 10 of thes e showing either type III or Jeffery's fractures. Eleven patients reequired open reduction. In 50% of the cases treated by open reduction and internal fixation, the clinical results wer e satisfactory. When internal fixation was not used, the satisfactory results reached 100%. Five of the 8 cases of the firt groups developed periarticular ossifications and 2 othe r showed epiphyseal closening. Thes e type of complications wer e not seen in the second group. For epiphysiolysis of the radial neck with sever e displacement. The ideal treatment seems to be a careful open reduction avoiding internal fixation

La comunicación oral como competencia transversal de los estudiantes de Pedagogía y Magisterio: presentación del diseño metodológico de una innovación para su trabajo en el aula

El presente trabajo pretende dar a conocer la experiencia de innovación desarrollada por el grupo de investigación ASOCED del Departamento de Ciencias de la Educación de la Univer - sidad de Oviedo en varias asignaturas de las titulaciones de Pedagogía y diversas especialidades de la Diplomatura de Magisterio, con el objetivo de trabajar dentro de las aulas la competencia de la comunicación oral. Se presentan para ello las diferentes fases llevadas a cabo en el desarrollo del proyecto, así como los instrumentos y el tipo de evaluación previstaThe present work presents the innovation experience developed by the research group ASOCED. This group has been constituted by several teachers of the Educational Sciences Department at the University of Oviedo. The project has affected several subjects with the aim to promote oral communication competence inside the classrooms. This paper copes with the different phases carried out in the development of the project, as well as with the instruments and the type of foreseen evaluatio

Desarrollo de un sistema de Gestión Frutihortícola

La tendencia actual hacia la globalización en todas las áreas de negocios, de los que no escapan los agropecuarios, ha significado un aumento de la competencia, tanto en intensidad como diversidad. En particular, el productor frutihortícola debe disponer de elementos que le permitan comprender los mercados como también contar con metodologías y herramientas con las cuales identificar debilidades y fortalezas de sus sistemas productivos, ir adaptándose a un medio altamente dinámico y dar sentido estratégico a la dirección de la empresa. Se propuso desarrollar un aplicativo que, sin pretender ser un sistema de contabilidad de costos, utiliza a ésta como principal fuente del conocimiento. Es así como se estructuró el sistema de gestión orientado, cuya interactividad surge a partir de las actividades que desarrolla habitualmente el productor en su establecimiento. A partir de allí se disparan una serie de procesos estructurados que concluyen en el registro de la actividad como en un sistema de contabilidad de costos. Se desarrolló un sistema informático basado en tecnología Microsoft Office Access para Windows como gestor de base de datos y entorno de desarrollo Visual Basic for Applications. El sistema aún no se está utilizando a campo, pero se cuenta con grupos de productores dispuestos a probarlo.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativ