Press publishers right and artificial intelligence

Publisher Copyright: © The Editors and Contributors Severally 2022.This Chapter examines the application of the press publishers’ related right to AI-based news production. It analyses the conditions under which AI-generated news content can be protected by the related right and the risk that infringement of the related right poses to AI-based news production. The Chapter concludes that there is no fundamental obstacle to protecting AI-generated news content but certain business models and extensive automatization of editorial activities may fail to meet certain key conditions of protection. Avoiding infringement of others’ related right may be challenging due to the low threshold for infringement and ubiquity of press publications but approaches for infringement assessment and application of copyright exceptions are identified that alleviate infringement risks in situations where the objectives of the right are not threatened. Overall, human oversight and involvement is required, as in many situations conditions of protection and copyright exceptions are difficult to meet with AI alone.Peer reviewe

Geoblocking Requirements in Online Distribution of Copyright-Protected Content: Implications of Copyright Issues on Application of EU Antitrust Law

Article published in the Michigan State International Law Review

Protecting innovation from unfair practices

Peer reviewe

Regulation Complementing EU Competition Law in the Digital Economy: : Impact of the Proposed Digital Single Market Rules on Online Distribution Practices

Peer reviewe

Achieving a Digital Single Market for online distribution of content : when would extending the Geo-blocking Regulation be justified

Peer reviewe

Proposed right of press publishers : a workable solution?

Published also in Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz und Urheberrecht, Internationaler Teil 3/2018.Peer reviewe

AI and IPR Infringement: : a Case Study on Training and Using Neural Networks

Peer reviewe

Property and European Integration : Dimensions of Article 345 TFEU

Peer reviewe

Reducing particle emissions from marine engines – fuel choices and technology pathways

Particle emissions from marine applications have been receiving increasing attention in recent years, whether as black carbon for their impact in artic ice melting and global warming, as nanoparticles for their health impact or due to the general classification of soot as a carcinogenic substance by the World Health Organization. Fulfiling the global requirements of marine propulsion and power generation applications only a few technology paths are commercially available which have the potential to reduce particle emissions significantly. SOX scrubber in combination with traditional HFO operated diesel engines represent one route trying to achieve this objective. Alternatively, the engines can be converted to dual fuel operation, including liquified natural gas (LNG) operation or the fuel can be changed to a distillate liquid fuel which can be combined with a diesel particulate filter (DPF). In detail, these different approaches vary not only in terms of technical challenges, required onboard modifications and costs, but also with regards to their actual performance in reducing black carbon (BC), particle mass (PM) and nanoparticle-related particle number (PN) emissions. In the European Union the PN abatement performance will gain additional attention as in upcoming regulations a cutoff level for ultra-fine nanoparticle emissions of 10 nm will likely be introduced. In this contribution we present a comparison of the different technological options for low BC, PM &amp; PN with their respective challenges and performance characteristics. Measurements have been conducted on marine medium-speed and high-speed engines on both engine test beds and on board. The setups were chosen in a way to cover the range of commercially available paths to reduce particulate emissions. For the measurements a range of analytical devices for assessing particlerelated emissions (together with gaseous emissions measurements) were employed. Results are set in context of current and upcoming emission regulation for international, near-coast and inland water marine applications.<br/