Let’s Face It: Causes, treatment and consequences of rare facial clefts

The incidence of a congenital malformation is 1 on 33 live newborn. A congenital malformation can occur in all tissues and all body parts, and can present as an isolated malformation or as a part of a syndrome. Congenital malformations of the skull, face and jaws represent the craniofacial malformations. There are numerous types of congenital craniofacial malformations, which differ in location, pathomorphogenesis and incidence among other things. Congenital craniofacial clefts, other than just clefts of the lip and palate, are a very rare condition. These ‘rare facial clefts’ encompass a wide variety of craniofacial dysmorphologies. All facial parts and all tissue-layers of the face can be involved in various degrees of severity. Bone and soft tissues are rarely involved to the same extent. The cleft can occur unilaterally or bilaterally, in the midline of the face or more paramedian or oblique. The affected soft tissue and/or skeletal elements show a disturbed growth-pattern, resulting in more obvious or more severe deformities over the years. This underdevelopment of soft tissue and osseous structures occurs in three dimensions

PENELEH, A SECOND LIFE TO AN OLD DUTCH CEMETERY

To a certain extent there is a second life to the former Dutch cemetery Peneleh inthe centre of the city of Surabaya, Indonesia. The present days obsolete conditioncan be revitalised through the needed expansion of the pasar; a recreational area to the residents of the densely populated surrounding kampung; a reuse of the former caretaker house at the entrance, which is now a Puskesmas, community health centre, and part of the graveyard can revive as monumental location to show the history.These strong points to revitalise the area are effective through a close connection with residents, planners and authorities, which can be put in aparticipatory process. Dead or alive, potentially the Peneleh area is worth to beredeveloped into an attractive residential part of Surabaya. A heritage worth to visit by domestic and foreign visitors

Packaging curiosities : towards a grammar of three-dimensional space

Western museums are public institutions, open and accessible to all sectors of the population they serve. Increasingly, they are becoming more accountable to the governments that fund them, and criteria such as visitation figures are being used to assess their viability. In order to ensure their survival in the current climate of economic rationalism, museums need to maintain their audiences and attract an even broader demographic. To do this, they need to ensure that visitors feel comfortable, welcome and secure inside their spaces. They also need to give visitors clear entry points for engaging with and valuing the objects and knowledge on display in exhibitions. This thesis maps a grammar of three-dimensional space with a strong focus on the interpersonal metafunction. Building on the social semiotic tools developed by Halliday (1978, 1985a), Halliday and Hasan (1976), Martin (1992) and Matthiessen (1995), it identifies two interpersonal resources for organising space: Binding and Bonding. Binding is the main focus of the thesis. It theorises the way people's emotions can be affected by the organisation of three-dimensional space. Essentially, it explores the affectual disposition that exists between a person and the space that person occupies by focussing on how a space can be organised to make an occupant feel secure or insecure. Binding is complemented by Bonding. Bonding is concerned with the way the occupants of a space are positioned interpersonally to create solidarity. In cultural institutions like museums and galleries, Bonding is concerned with making visitors feel welcome and as though they belong, not just to the building and the physical environment, but to a community of like-minded people. Such feelings of belonging are also crucial to the long-term survival of the museum. Finally, in order to present a metafunctionally diversified grammar of space, the thesis moves beyond interpersonal meanings. It concludes by exploring the ways textual and ideational meanings can be organised in three-dimensional space

Restricted and Repetitive Behaviour in Persons with Autism (Ages 0-18): An Integrative Review of Treatment Related to Occupational Therapy

Objective: To identify evidence-based behavioural interventions used to decrease restricted and repetitive behaviour (RRB) in children with autism (ages 0-18); to understand the application of these strategies within the PEO (Person, Environment, Occupation) Model of Occupational Performance and the role of the occupational therapist in addressing this limitation. Background: RRB is a core feature of autism that often impedes functional behaviour. Decreasing RRB to enable functional behaviours is central to the occupational therapist’s role with this population. Many interventions identified as effective for this impairment are based on the principles of applied behaviour analysis (ABA). Method: An integrative review of the literature was completed to identify interventions targeting RRBs. Those found to be effective are described within an ABA framework and within the PEO Model of Occupational Performance.  Results: This review identified twenty-eight effective interventions used to treat RRBs in autism relevant to the field of occupational therapy. Categorization of interventions using an ABA framework and the PEO Model allowed comparison between approaches and application to occupational therapy practice. Conclusion:A functional behaviour approach (FBA) used in combination with the PEO model will enable greater understanding of RRBs and provide a more comprehensive approach to the treatment of RRBs in children with autism

Splicing of the platelet‐derived‐growth‐factor A‐chain mRNA in human malignant mesothelioma cell lines and regulation of its expression

Platelet‐derived‐growth‐factor (PDGF) A‐chain transcripts differing in the presence or absence of an alternative exon‐derived sequence have been described. In some publications, the presence of PDGF A‐chain transcripts with this exon‐6‐derived sequence was suggested to be tumour specific. However, in this paper it was shown by reverse‐transcription polymerase‐chain‐reaction (PCR) analysis that both normal mesothelial cells and malignant mesothelioma cell lines predominantly express the PDGF A‐chain transcript without the exon‐6‐derived sequence. This sequence encodes a cell‐retention signal, which means that the PDGF A‐chain protein is most likely to be secreted by both cell types. In cultured normal mesothelial cells, the secreted PDGF A‐chain protein might be involved in autocrine growth stimulation via PDGF α receptors. However, human malignant mesothelioma cell lines only possess PDGF β receptors. If this also holds true in vivo, the PDGF A‐chain protein produced and secreted by malignant mesothelial cells might have a paracrine function. In a previous paper, we described elevated expression of the PDGF A‐chain transcript in human malignant mesothelioma cell lines, compared to normal mesothelial cells. In this paper, the possible reason for this elevation was studied. First, alterations at the genomic level were considered, but cytogenetic and Southern‐blot analysis revealed neither consistent chromosomal aberrations, amplification nor structural rearrangement of the PDGF A‐chain gene in the malignant cells. Possible differences in transcription rate of the PDGF A‐chain gene, and stability of the transcript between normal and malignant cells, were therefore studied. The presence of a protein‐synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, in the culture medium did not significantly influence the PDGF A‐chain mRNA level in normal mesothelial and malignant mesothelioma cell lines. Furthermore, nuclear run‐off analysis showed that nuclear PDGF A‐chain mRNA levels varied in both cell types to the same extent as the levels observed in Northern blots. Taken together, this suggests that increased transcription is the most probable mechanism for the elevated mRNA level of the PDGF A‐chain gene in human malignant mesothelioma cell lines.</p