Time use during the life course in the USA, Norway, and the Netherlands: a HAPC-analysis

This paper analyses life course variations by means of Hierarchical Age-Period-Cohort-modelling (HAPC) of time use data for thee welfare states: the USA, Norway, and the Netherlands. By means of analyzing time use data insight is gained in the (relative) importance of various life spheres as paid work, household work, volunteer aid, care, anc education in and over people's life. The relevance of an integrated insight in the relation between paid work and these other life spheres seems to have grown with the introduction and (policy) application of the idea of "transitional labour markets". This paper aims to find out the relevance of age, period and cohort as underlying factors in population ageing and change. The author compares the fixed versus the random-effects model specifications for APC-analysis. The random-effects HAPC-model appears the most appropriate specification. The HAPC analyses find evidence in support of quadratic age effects on time use. Furthermore, the HAPC analyses find proof in support of the contentions in the literature that both cohort and period effects should be distinguished in life course analyses. Finally, the analyses show clear differences in time use patterns during the life course between the welfare states. These may indicate a non-negligible sensitivity for welfare policies with respect to reconciling life domains during the life course

Studying time use variations in 18 countries applying a life course perspective

To gain insight in variations in life courses during last decades, and the factors underlying these variations, time use data seem suited. By means of analyzing time use data insight is gained in the (relative) importance of various life spheres as paid work, household work, volunteer aid, care, anc education in and over people's life. The relevance of an integrated insight in the relation between paid work and these other life spheres seems to have grown with the introduction and (policy) application of the idea of "transitional labour markets". Time use variations during (individual) life courses in 18 countries are analysed by means of Hierarchical Age-Period-Cohortmodelling (HAPC). By means of this method the classical APC-riddle, i.e. the fact that the APC model is underidentified due to a linear dependency among age, period, and cohort, can be tackled. This paper compares the fixed versus the random-effects model specifications for APCanalysis. The random-effects HAPC-model appears the most appropriate specification. The analyses find evidence in support of quadratic age effects on time use. Furthermore, the analyses find significant cohort and period effects. Finally, the period effects as well as the welfare state effects indicate a non-negligible sensitivity for economic circumstances and welfare policies

Studying time use variations in 18 countries applying a life course perspective

To gain insight in variations in life courses during last decades, and the factors underlying these variations, time use data seem suited. By means of analyzing time use data insight is gained in the (relative) importance of various life spheres as paid work, household work, volunteer aid, care, anc education in and over people's life. The relevance of an integrated insight in the relation between paid work and these other life spheres seems to have grown with the introduction and (policy) application of the idea of "transitional labour markets". Time use variations during (individual) life courses in 18 countries are analysed by means of Hierarchical Age-Period-Cohortmodelling (HAPC). By means of this method the classical APC-riddle, i.e. the fact that the APC model is underidentified due to a linear dependency among age, period, and cohort, can be tackled. This paper compares the fixed versus the random-effects model specifications for APCanalysis. The random-effects HAPC-model appears the most appropriate specification. The analyses find evidence in support of quadratic age effects on time use. Furthermore, the analyses find significant cohort and period effects. Finally, the period effects as well as the welfare state effects indicate a non-negligible sensitivity for economic circumstances and welfare policies

Are Chinese consumers at risk due to exposure to metals in crayfish? A bioaccessibility-adjusted probabilistic risk assessment

Freshwater crayfish, the world's third largest crustacean species, has been reported to accumulate high levels of metals, while the current knowledge of potential risk associated with crayfish consumption lags behind that of finfish. We provide the first estimate of human health risk associated with crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) consumption in China, the world's largest producer and consumer of crayfish. We performed Monte Carlo Simulation on a standard risk model parameterized with local data on metal concentrations, bioaccessibility (phi), crayfish consumption rate, and consumer body mass. Bioaccessibility of metals in crayfish was found to be variable (68-95%) and metal-specific, suggesting a potential influence of metal bioaccessibility on effective metal intake. However, sensitivity analysis suggested risk of metals via crayfish consumption was predominantly explained by consumption rate (explaining >92% of total risk estimate variability), rather than metals concentration, bioaccessibility, or body mass. Mean metal concentrations (As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn) in surveyed crayfish samples from 12 provinces in China conformed to national safety standards. However, risk calculation of phi-modified hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) suggested that crayfish metals may pose a health risk for very high rate consumers, with a HI of over 24 for the highest rate consumers. Additionally, the phi-modified increased lifetime risk (ILTR) for carcinogenic effects due to the presence of As was above the acceptable level (10(-5)) for both the median (ILTR = 2.5 x 10(-5)) and 90th percentile (ILTR = 1.8 x 10(-4)), highlighting the relatively high risk of As in crayfish. Our results suggest a need to consider crayfish when assessing human dietary exposure to metals and associated health risks, especially for high crayfish-consuming populations, such as in China, USA and Sweden.HZ by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41273087). LN was supported by European Union Marie Curie Actions, Grant FP People 2010 “IRSES Electroacross” and BG by the SAGE-IGERT Fellowship (US National Science Foundation)

Zin verzoet de arbeid : over arbeid en zingeving in een paradoxale samenleving

Inaugurele rede uitgesproken op 14 oktober 2022

Reactie op: Levensloopregeling heeft potentie

Sociale cohesie en sociaal-economische vraagstukke

Towards Sustainable OER Practices: The Case of Bachelor Nursing in the Netherlands

From 2017–2020, 15 universities collaborated to create and share OER for a bachelor nursing program. A study was undertaken to analyse the impact of the project activities leading to the commitment to work towards sustaining the initiative. The project was described using the ESH model (Weggeman, 2000). Two sub-studies provided the results on the positive and negative impact of specific project activities and the impact of the project on the desired behaviour of educators, sharing and reusing OER. Rogers’ theory of diffusion of innovation is used to interpret the results (Rogers, 2003). The main findings of the study are that defining and using a quality model for OER was crucial for the success of the project. For sustaining the activity after project ending, decision makers were involved immediately from the start. The management style with many responsibilities for the project members had a positive indirect impact on project outcomes

Sociale zekerheid voor kinderen

Hervorming Sociale Regelgevin