Tolerability and pharmacokinetic profile of a novel benzene-poly-carboxylic acids complex with cis-diammineplatinum (II) dichloride in dogs with malignant mammary tumours

The pharmacokinetic profile, tolerability and efficacy of benzene‐poly‐carboxylic acids complex with cis‐diammineplatinum (II) dichloride (BP‐C1) were studied in dogs with mammary cancer. A three‐level response surface pathway designed trial was performed on seven dogs. At each level BP‐C1 was administered subcutaneously daily for 7 days followed by a 7‐day rest period in a dose escalating manner. Adverse events according to VCOG‐CTCAE, performance status and tumour progression were recorded. The pharmacokinetic profile followed a two‐compartment model with rapid absorption, short distribution, and a slow elimination phase. The overall elimination half‐life was 125 h. The maximum tolerated dose of BP‐C1 was estimated to be above 0.46 mg kg−1. A significant reduction in VCOG‐CTCAE toxicity which correlated negatively with increasing dose was found. The dogs' general performance status remained unchanged. No decrease in total tumour burden was found, although temporary tumour reduction was seen in some target tumours.Tolerability and pharmacokinetic profile of a novel benzene-poly-carboxylic acids complex with cis-diammineplatinum (II) dichloride in dogs with malignant mammary tumourspublishedVersio

Alkoholvaner blant NTNU-studenter 2007–19

BAKGRUNN Alkoholkonsum er utbredt i studentmiljøer. Hensikten med studien var å undersøke alkoholvaner blant NTNU-studenter i et tolvårsperspektiv. MATERIALE OG METODE Studien er en tverrsnittsstudie basert på to spørreskjemabaserte undersøkelser utført i forelesningspauser ved NTNU i 2007 og 2019. Deltakelsen var frivillig og anonym. Spørreskjemaet kartla bakgrunnsvariabler og alkoholvaner, inkludert spørsmål fra Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Respondentene ble inndelt i risikoprofiler basert på resultatet. AUDIT-skår ≥ 8 ble benyttet som grenseverdi for risikofylte / potensielt skadelige alkoholvaner. RESULTATER Studien inkluderte 2 247 studenter: 857 studenter fra 2007 og 1 390 studenter fra 2019. Andelen kvinner var 42,3 % i 2007 og 54,9 % i 2019. Gjennomsnittsalderen var 21,5 år (2007) og 22,5 år (2019). Gjennomsnittlig AUDIT-skår var 10,7 i 2007 og 8,5 i 2019. 937 studenter (67,6 %) inntok alkohol to til fire ganger i måneden eller hyppigere i 2019, en reduksjon på 9,8 % fra 2007. 885 studenter (67,8 %) inntok i 2019 fem eller flere alkoholenheter på en typisk drikkedag, en reduksjon på 12,8 % fra 2007. FORTOLKNING Andelen studenter med risikofylte alkoholvaner har blitt betydelig redusert med én femtedel fra 2007 til 2019, men fremdeles har over halvparten av studentene alkoholvaner som kan representere risiko på sikt.publishedVersio

Renal histomorphology in dogs with pyometra and control dogs, and long term clinical outcome with respect to signs of kidney disease

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Age-related changes in renal histomorphology are described, while the presence of glomerulonephritis in dogs with pyometra is controversial in current literature.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Dogs with pyometra were examined retrospectively for evidence of secondary renal damage and persisting renal disease through two retrospective studies. In Study 1, light microscopic lesions of renal tissue were graded and compared in nineteen dogs with pyometra and thirteen age-matched control bitches. In Study 2, forty-one owners of dogs with pyometra were interviewed approximately 8 years after surgery for evidence ofclinical signs of renal failure in order to document causes of death/euthanasia.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Interstitial inflammation and tubular atrophy were more pronounced in dogs with pyometra than in the control animals. Glomerular lesions classified as glomerular sclerosis were present in both groups. No unequivocal light microscopic features of glomerulonephritis were observed in bitches in any of the groups.</p> <p>Two bitches severely proteinuric at the time of surgery had developed end stage renal disease within 3 years. In five of the bitches polyuria persisted after surgery. Most bitches did not show signs of kidney disease at the time of death/euthanasia.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Tubulointerstitial inflammation was observed, but glomerular damage beyond age-related changes could not be demonstrated by light microscopy in the dogs with pyometra. However, severe proteinuria after surgery may predispose to development of renal failure.</p

Identitet i skrift - en komparativ karakteranalyse av Ask og Karl Ove i henholdsvis Sangen om den røde rubin og Min kamp 5

Sammendrag Denne oppgavens hovedanliggende er å sammenligne hovedkarakterene i Agnar Mykles Sangen om den røde rubin og Karl Ove Knausgårds Min Kamp 5 med fokus på selvidentitet som refleksiv prosess. Den amerikanske sosiologen Anthony Giddens sine teorier om identitet i moderniteten utgjør analysens teoretiske fundament. Begge romanene er selvbiografiske verk, og for å sette verkene inn i en sammenheng, har jeg brukt teorier om selvfremstilling, performativ biografisme og dobbeltkontrakt, representert ved Arne Melberg, Jon Helt Haarder og Poul Behrendt. Analysen viser at romankarakterene Ask og Karl Ove skrives fram som to ontologisk usikre unge menn, og at årsaken til usikkerheten er å finne i karakterenes barndom og forholdet til nære omsorgspersoner. Denne usikkerheten gjør at de strever med å besvare det eksistensielle spørsmålet «hvem er jeg?», noe som igjen resulterer i angst, skam, og manglende evne til å holde sin biografiske fortelling i gang. De er så selvbevisste at det å være autentisk blir en umulighet, og dermed ender de med å føle seg utenfor det fellesskapet de begge lengter sånn etter. De forsøker begge å besvare det eksistensielle spørsmålet ved å holde seg i gang i sosiale relasjoner, men for begge er det kunstnerdrømmen som har størst innvirkning på deres selvidentitet. De identifiserer seg begge med mennesker som befinner seg i samfunnets randsone, da det samsvarer med det bruddet de ønsker å skape med etablerte konvensjoner. Analysen viser imidlertid at mens Karl Ove gjør alt han kan for å framstå som kunstner, prøver Ask å skjule denne siden av seg selv for å passe inn. For begge blir avstanden mellom levd liv og den de ønsker å være for stor, og selvidentiteten blir av den grunn svært skjør. Begge romanene har en forteller i historiens nullpunkt, og som vi som lesere vet er sammenfallende med den empiriske forfatteren. Dette setter ulike virkninger i spill, og det skjer i Mykles tilfelle en fordobling av jeget, og hos Knausgård er det snakk om en mangedobling av jeget, i og med at han kommenterer sitt eget prosjekt underveis. Hos Mykle er det et uferdig selv som blir kommentert av det noenlunde ferdige selvet, mens det hos Knausgård foregår en performativ prosess, der selvet skapes underveis i prosessen, også hos forfatteren

Equality as a strategic change process : A case study from the Norwegian construction sector

MBA i teknologiledelse - Nord universitet 202

The estrogen effect; clinical and histopathological evidence of dichotomous influences in dogs with spontaneous mammary carcinomas.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations and explore the relationships between hormonal factors (serum estrogen, estrogen receptors and ovariohysterectomy) and other clinical/histological prognostic factors and their impact on outcome in dogs with mammary carcinomas. Data from two separate prospective studies on dogs with spontaneous mammary carcinomas were used for this research. All dogs underwent standardized diagnostic testing, staging, surgery and follow-up examinations. Serum estrogen was analyzed by competitive enzyme immunoassay or radioimmunoassay, and tumor estrogen receptor (ER) expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. A total of 159 dogs were included; 130 were spayed and 29 remained. High serum estrogen was associated with an overall longer time to metastasis (p = 0.021). When stratifying based on spay group, the effect was only significant in spayed dogs, (p = 0.019). Positive tumor ER expression was also associated with a longer time to metastasis (p = 0.025), but similar to above, only in dogs that were spayed (p = 0.049). Further subgroup analysis revealed that high serum estrogen was significantly associated with improved survival in dogs with ER positive tumors, but only in spayed dogs (p = 0.0052). Interestingly, the effect of spaying was the opposite in dogs with ER negative tumors; here, intact dogs with high serum estrogen but ER negative tumors had a significantly longer time to metastasis (p = 0.036). Low serum estrogen was associated with increased risk for the development of non-mammary tumors in the post-operative period (p = 0.012). These results highlight the dual effect of estrogen in cancer: Estrogen acts as a pro-carcinogen in ER positive mammary tumors, but a may have a protective effect in ER negative tumors, potentially via non-receptor mechanisms. The latter is supported by the decreased risk for non-mammary tumors in dogs with high serum estrogen, and explains the increased incidence of certain non-mammary tumors in in dogs spayed at an early age