Selective antitumor effect in PhotoDynamic Therapy mediated by photo-activable molecules, activated by endopeptidases

L'angiogenèse est une étape clef dans le processus de progression tumorale. Elle est caractérisée par une surexpresssion d'un grand nombre de métalloprotéinases matricielles (MMP). Parmis ces MMP, les gélatinases (MMP-2 et MMP-9) sont connues pour jouer un rôle important dans l'angiogenèse tumorale et la croissance de nombreux cancers. Les "Photodynamic Molecular Beacon" (PMB) sont des constructions moléculaires qui peuvent être utilisées dans le traitement de cancers en associant un photosensibilisateur (PS) de type chlorine et un inhibiteur d'états excités, aussi appelé "Quencher", liés par un peptide substrat des gélatinases afin d'inhiber la toxicité du PS dans les cellules non ciblées, et de restaurer sa toxicité uniquement à proximité des gélatinases. Nous avons donc cherché à déterminer le couple PS/quencher permettant la meilleure inhibition de la production d'oxygène singulet, principale source de la toxicité du PS, puis avons synthétisé une famille de PMB ciblant les gélatinases. Différents peptides et bras espaceurs ont été utilisés pour évaluer l'influence de la distance entre le PS et le quencher sur les propriétés photophysiques et l'activation enzymatique du PMBAngiogenesis is a key step in the tumoral progression process. It is characterized by an over-expression of a number of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). Among these MMPs, gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) are known to play a critical role in tumor angiogenesis and the growth of many cancers. Photodynamic Molecular Beacons (PMB) can be designed for cancer treatment by associating a chlorin-like photosensitizer and a black hole quencher linked by a gelatinase substrate peptide with the aim of silencing photosensitizer toxicity in non-targeted cells and restore its toxicity only in surrounding gelatinases. We investigated the PS/quencher pair allowing the best singlet oxygen production inhibition, and then we synthesized a novel family of PMB triggering gélatinases MMP-2 and MMP-9. Different lengths of peptide and spacers were used in order to determinate the influence of the distance between PS and quencher on the PMB photophysical properties and enzymatic activation

Conception, élaboration et caractérisation photophysiques et biochimiques de molécules photoactivables pour la thérapie photodynamique

Angiogenesis is a key step in the tumoral progression process. It is characterized by an over-expression of a number of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). Among these MMPs, gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) are known to play a critical role in tumor angiogenesis and the growth of many cancers. Photodynamic Molecular Beacons (PMB) can be designed for cancer treatment by associating a chlorin-like photosensitizer and a black hole quencher linked by a gelatinase substrate peptide with the aim of silencing photosensitizer toxicity in non-targeted cells and restore its toxicity only in surrounding gelatinases. We investigated the PS/quencher pair allowing the best singlet oxygen production inhibition, and then we synthesized a novel family of PMB triggering gélatinases MMP-2 and MMP-9. Different lengths of peptide and spacers were used in order to determinate the influence of the distance between PS and quencher on the PMB photophysical properties and enzymatic activation.L'angiogenèse est une étape clef dans le processus de progression tumorale. Elle est caractérisée par une surexpresssion d'un grand nombre de métalloprotéinases matricielles (MMP). Parmis ces MMP, les gélatinases (MMP-2 et MMP-9) sont connues pour jouer un rôle important dans l'angiogenèse tumorale et la croissance de nombreux cancers. Les "Photodynamic Molecular Beacon" (PMB) sont des constructions moléculaires qui peuvent être utilisées dans le traitement de cancers en associant un photosensibilisateur (PS) de type chlorine et un inhibiteur d'états excités, aussi appelé "Quencher", liés par un peptide substrat des gélatinases afin d'inhiber la toxicité du PS dans les cellules non ciblées, et de restaurer sa toxicité uniquement à proximité des gélatinases. Nous avons donc cherché à déterminer le couple PS/quencher permettant la meilleure inhibition de la production d'oxygène singulet, principale source de la toxicité du PS, puis avons synthétisé une famille de PMB ciblant les gélatinases. Différents peptides et bras espaceurs ont été utilisés pour évaluer l'influence de la distance entre le PS et le quencher sur les propriétés photophysiques et l'activation enzymatique du PM

Conception, élaboration et caractérisation photophysiques et biochimiques de molécules photoactivables pour la thérapie photodynamique

L'angiogenèse est une étape clef dans le processus de progression tumorale. Elle est caractérisée par une surexpresssion d'un grand nombre de métalloprotéinases matricielles (MMP). Parmis ces MMP, les gélatinases (MMP-2 et MMP-9) sont connues pour jouer un rôle important dans l'angiogenèse tumorale et la croissance de nombreux cancers. Les "Photodynamic Molecular Beacon" (PMB) sont des constructions moléculaires qui peuvent être utilisées dans le traitement de cancers en associant un photosensibilisateur (PS) de type chlorine et un inhibiteur d'états excités, aussi appelé "Quencher", liés par un peptide substrat des gélatinases afin d'inhiber la toxicité du PS dans les cellules non ciblées, et de restaurer sa toxicité uniquement à proximité des gélatinases. Nous avons donc cherché à déterminer le couple PS/quencher permettant la meilleure inhibition de la production d'oxygène singulet, principale source de la toxicité du PS, puis avons synthétisé une famille de PMB ciblant les gélatinases. Différents peptides et bras espaceurs ont été utilisés pour évaluer l'influence de la distance entre le PS et le quencher sur les propriétés photophysiques et l'activation enzymatique du PMBAngiogenesis is a key step in the tumoral progression process. It is characterized by an over-expression of a number of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). Among these MMPs, gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) are known to play a critical role in tumor angiogenesis and the growth of many cancers. Photodynamic Molecular Beacons (PMB) can be designed for cancer treatment by associating a chlorin-like photosensitizer and a black hole quencher linked by a gelatinase substrate peptide with the aim of silencing photosensitizer toxicity in non-targeted cells and restore its toxicity only in surrounding gelatinases. We investigated the PS/quencher pair allowing the best singlet oxygen production inhibition, and then we synthesized a novel family of PMB triggering gélatinases MMP-2 and MMP-9. Different lengths of peptide and spacers were used in order to determinate the influence of the distance between PS and quencher on the PMB photophysical properties and enzymatic activation.METZ-SCD (574632105) / SudocNANCY1-Bib. numérique (543959902) / SudocNANCY2-Bibliotheque electronique (543959901) / SudocNANCY-INPL-Bib. électronique (545479901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Preparation and characterization of mTHPC-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy

International audienceAmong various attempts to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of PhotoDynamic Therapy (PDT), the specific delivery of PhotoSensitizer (PS) in the tumor tissue is expected to improve its clinical applications. The aim of this study was to engineer Lipid Nanoparticles (LNP) with different sizes and various PS contents, using simple solvent-free and easily scale up manufacturing processes. Meso-(tetrahydroxyphenyl) chlorin (mTHPC) is one of the most potent photoactive compounds for clinical use. We demonstrated that mTHPC was efficiently incorporated into the lipid core of LNP, leading to a large range of stable and reproducible mTHPC-loaded LNP with narrow size distribution. Photophysical and physico-chemical properties of mTHPC-loaded LNP were assessed as well as absorption spectra and singlet oxygen emission, colloidal stability, particle size and zeta potential. The photocytotoxicity of selected mTHPC-loaded solid LNP was demonstrated on MCF-7 cells under irradiation at 652 nm with a range of light fluence from 1.0 to 10 J/cm². All physico-chemical, photophysical and biological results allow us to conclude that solid LNP appear as a very promising nano-mTHPC delivery system for PDT

Preparation, characterization and cellular studies of photosensitizer-loaded lipid nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy

International audiencePhotoDynamic Therapy (PDT) has been established as a potent and less invasive treatment for different kinds of cancer. Among various attempts to enhance the therapeutics efficacy of PDT, the specific delivery of the PhotoSensitizer (PS) in the tumor is expected to increase its clinical applications, since unwanted accumulation, especially in the skin, impairs the patients' quality of life (prolonged cutaneous photosensitivity). The aim of this study was to engineer Lipid Nanoparticles (LNP) with different sizes and various PS contents, using simple, solvent-free and easily scale up manufacturing processes. Meso-tetra (hydroxyphenyl) chlorin (mTHPC) is one of the most potent photoactive compounds for clinical use and it has been successfully applied in the treatment of various indications, such as the head and neck, prostate and pancreatic cancers. Here, a derivative of mTHPC was efficiently incorporated into the lipid core of LNP, leading to a large range of stable and reproducible mTHPC-loaded LNP with narrow size distribution. The photophysical and photochemical properties of mTHPC-loaded LNP were studied by measuring absorbance and fluorescence spectra, colloidal stability, particle size and zeta potential, as well as singlet oxygen luminescence. The photocytotoxicity of three selected mTHPC-loaded LNP (25 nm, 45 nm and 95 nm of diameter, respectively) was evaluated on MCF-7 cells, in comparison to free mTHPC, under irradiation at 652 nm with a range of light fluence from 1 to 5 J/cm(2). All the physico-chemical, photophysical and biological measurements allow us to conclude that LNP is a promising nano-drug delivery system for PDT

Low incidence of SARS-CoV-2, risk factors of mortality and the course of illness in the French national cohort of dialysis patients

International audienceThe aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of COVID-19 disease in the French national population of dialysis patients, their course of illness and to identify the risk factors associated with mortality. Our study included all patients on dialysis recorded in the French REIN Registry in April 2020. Clinical characteristics at last follow-up and the evolution of COVID-19 illness severity over time were recorded for diagnosed cases (either suspicious clinical symptoms, characteristic signs on the chest scan or a positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) for SARS-CoV-2. A total of 1,621 infected patients were reported on the REIN registry from March 16th, 2020 to May 4th, 2020. Of these, 344 died. The prevalence of COVID-19 patients varied from less than 1% to 10% between regions. The probability of being a case was higher in males, patients with diabetes, those in need of assistance for transfer or treated at a self-care unit. Dialysis at home was associated with a lower probability of being infected as was being a smoker, a former smoker, having an active malignancy, or peripheral vascular disease. Mortality in diagnosed cases (21%) was associated with the same causes as in the general population. Higher age, hypoalbuminemia and the presence of an ischemic heart disease were statistically independently associated with a higher risk of death. Being treated at a selfcare unit was associated with a lower risk. Thus, our study showed a relatively low frequency of COVID-19 among dialysis patients contrary to what might have been assumed