A son in heaven, but no father on earth : a note in the margin of a ‘Tale of Two Kings’

The article is meant to offer a comment on the thesis of Andries G. van Aarde about the socalled fatherlessness of Jesus. The author argues for a more critical disposition towards a historical-psychological approach of ancient texts. Jesus’ attitude towards children, which is illustrated in Mark 10:13–16, and the story of Jesus’ birth and of Herod’s reaction to it as told by Matthew, are used as test cases.http://www.hts.org.z

A son in heaven, but no father on earth : a note in the margin of a ‘Tale of Two Kings’

The article is meant to offer a comment on the thesis of Andries G. van Aarde about the socalled fatherlessness of Jesus. The author argues for a more critical disposition towards a historical-psychological approach of ancient texts. Jesus’ attitude towards children, which is illustrated in Mark 10:13–16, and the story of Jesus’ birth and of Herod’s reaction to it as told by Matthew, are used as test cases.http://www.hts.org.z

Pathological Computed Tomography Features Associated with Adverse Outcomes after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury:A TRACK-TBI Study with External Validation in CENTER-TBI

Importance: A head computed tomography (CT) with positive results for acute intracranial hemorrhage is the gold-standard diagnostic biomarker for acute traumatic brain injury (TBI). In moderate to severe TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] scores 3-12), some CT features have been shown to be associated with outcomes. In mild TBI (mTBI; GCS scores 13-15), distribution and co-occurrence of pathological CT features and their prognostic importance are not well understood. Objective: To identify pathological CT features associated with adverse outcomes after mTBI. Design, Setting, and Participants: The longitudinal, observational Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury (TRACK-TBI) study enrolled patients with TBI, including those 17 years and older with GCS scores of 13 to 15 who presented to emergency departments at 18 US level 1 trauma centers between February 26, 2014, and August 8, 2018, and underwent head CT imaging within 24 hours of TBI. Evaluations of CT imaging used TBI Common Data Elements. Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE) scores were assessed at 2 weeks and 3, 6, and 12 months postinjury. External validation of results was performed via the Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury (CENTER-TBI) study. Data analyses were completed from February 2020 to February 2021. Exposures: Acute nonpenetrating head trauma. Main Outcomes and Measures: Frequency, co-occurrence, and clustering of CT features; incomplete recovery (GOSE scores <8 vs 8); and an unfavorable outcome (GOSE scores <5 vs ≥5) at 2 weeks and 3, 6, and 12 months. Results: In 1935 patients with mTBI (mean [SD] age, 41.5 [17.6] years; 1286 men [66.5%]) in the TRACK-TBI cohort and 2594 patients with mTBI (mean [SD] age, 51.8 [20.3] years; 1658 men [63.9%]) in an external validation cohort, hierarchical cluster analysis identified 3 major clusters of CT features: contusion, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and/or subdural hematoma; intraventricular and/or petechial hemorrhage; and epidural hematoma. Contusion, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and/or subdural hematoma features were associated with incomplete recovery (odds ratios [ORs] for GOSE scores <8 at 1 year: TRACK-TBI, 1.80 [95% CI, 1.39-2.33]; CENTER-TBI, 2.73 [95% CI, 2.18-3.41]) and greater degrees of unfavorable outcomes (ORs for GOSE scores <5 at 1 year: TRACK-TBI, 3.23 [95% CI, 1.59-6.58]; CENTER-TBI, 1.68 [95% CI, 1.13-2.49]) out to 12 months after injury, but epidural hematoma was not. Intraventricular and/or petechial hemorrhage was associated with greater degrees of unfavorable outcomes up to 12 months after injury (eg, OR for GOSE scores <5 at 1 year in TRACK-TBI: 3.47 [95% CI, 1.66-7.26]). Some CT features were more strongly associated with outcomes than previously validated variables (eg, ORs for GOSE scores <5 at 1 year in TRACK-TBI: neuropsychiatric history, 1.43 [95% CI.98-2.10] vs contusion, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and/or subdural hematoma, 3.23 [95% CI 1.59-6.58]). Findings were externally validated in 2594 patients with mTBI enrolled in the CENTER-TBI study. Conclusions and Relevance: In this study, pathological CT features carried different prognostic implications after mTBI to 1 year postinjury. Some patterns of injury were associated with worse outcomes than others. These results support that patients with mTBI and these CT features need TBI-specific education and systematic follow-up

International genome-wide meta-analysis identifies new primary biliary cirrhosis risk loci and targetable pathogenic pathways.

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a classical autoimmune liver disease for which effective immunomodulatory therapy is lacking. Here we perform meta-analyses of discovery data sets from genome-wide association studies of European subjects (n=2,764 cases and 10,475 controls) followed by validation genotyping in an independent cohort (n=3,716 cases and 4,261 controls). We discover and validate six previously unknown risk loci for PBC (Pcombined<5 × 10(-8)) and used pathway analysis to identify JAK-STAT/IL12/IL27 signalling and cytokine-cytokine pathways, for which relevant therapies exist

Hermas and Bodmer. Another Look at the Text of Vision 1.3.4, 2.3.1, and 3.2.1 in P. Bodm. XXXVIII

The essay looks into three instances in the Visions (V) in the Shepherd of Hermas (SH) where P.Bodm. XVIII (B) offers a reading that is not found elsewhere in the Greek textual tradition. These are: V 1.3.4, 2.3.1, and 3,2.1. In the last instance, B agrees with the two Latin versions (L1 and L2) in offering a longer text that is perhaps not really necessary, but that clarifies the context and is well in the style of SH, hence may well be original. The second instance is more complex. The text of B makes no sense as it is, but if one accepts the correction proposed by Carlini, one may again have rediscovered an original reading that was obscured in the rest of the tradition. More complicated still is the case of V 1.3.4, for which it is once more argued that if the original can be recovered at all, B has the better chances to get at it.status: publishe

Ancient Christian Apocrypha

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Eustathius of Antioch on "The Witch of Endor" (1 Sam 28): A Critique of Origen and Exegetical Method

© 2017 by Ephemerides Theologicae Lovanienses. The article is a follow-up to an essay that was published in 2016 and deals with Origen's analysis of the passage of king Saul's visit to the so-called witch of Endor in 1 Sam 28. The present essay studies the elaborate reply to Origen that Eustathius of Antioch wrote almost a century later. It offers a detailed analysis of the rhetorical strategies used by Eustathius for countering Origen's provocative thesis on the relation between text, characterisation, and readership. It is argued that Eustathius' response is purposefully critical of Origen's position because in his eyes the latter had tackled some of the basic principles of biblical criticism. It turns out, however, that Eustathius is not really a match for Origen overall and that his reply is too often built upon vituperative counter-arguments, although some of his comments that touch upon essential aspects of biblical exegesis are nevertheless still worth considering.status: publishe

Matthew’s building blocks: Mark and Q – A critical look at a recent monograph

This article offers a critical analysis of some of the principal arguments put forward in a recent monograph by J.A. Doole in defence of the thesis that Matthew, whilst being familiar wit hMark and Q, had a clear preference for the former in structuring his composition. Doole argues that Matthew used Q only in such a way that it never threatened to disrupt the dominance of Mark, used up Q ‘as quick as possible’, and was more at ease in Mark which he used both de visu and from memory. Against these positions, it is shown that Q played a more prominent roll all throughout Matthew’s gospel than Doole assumes it did and that the ‘de visu / from memory’ dichotomy does not match the evidence. Matteüs’ bouwstenen: Marcus en Q. – Een kritische kijk op een recente monografie. Het artikel biedt een kritische analyse van de voornaamste principes van J.A. Doole’s recente monografie ter verdediging van de thesis dat Matteüs weliswaar bekend is met Marcus e nmet Q, maar systematisch de voorkeur geeft aan Marcus. Doole stelt dat Matteüs Q alleen in die zin gebruikte dat het geen bedreiging was voor de dominantie van Marcus, Q zo snel mogelijk ‘opgebruikt’ heeft, en duidelijk meer vertrouwd was met Marcus die hij de visu en uit zijn herinnering benut. Tegen deze benadering wordt aangebracht dat Q een meer prominente rol speelt in het evangelie dan Doole voorhoudt en dat het onderscheid ‘de visu en uit herinnering’ niet opgaat

Some Comments on the Earliest Evidence for the Reception of the Book of Chronicles in Christian Tradition

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