Using the Generic Synteny Browser (GBrowse_syn)

Genome Browsers are software that allow the user to view genome annotations in the context of a reference sequence, such as a chromosome, contig, scaffold, etc. The Generic Genome Browser (GBrowse) is an open-source genome browser package developed as part of the Generic Model Database Project (see UNIT ; Stein et al., 2002). The increasing number of sequenced genomes has led to a corresponding growth in the field of comparative genomics, which requires methods to view and compare multiple genomes. Using the same software framework as GBrowse, the Generic Synteny Browser (GBrowse_syn) allows the comparison of colinear regions of multiple genomes using the familiar GBrowse-style Web page. Like GBrowse, GBrowse_syn can be configured to display any organism, and is currently the synteny browser used for model organisms such as C. elegans (WormBase; http://www.wormbase.org; see UNIT 1.8) and Arabidopsis (TAIR; http://www.arabidopsis.org; see UNIT 1.1). GBrowse_syn is part of the GBrowse software package and can be downloaded from the Web and run on any Unix-like operating system, such as Linux, Solaris, or MacOS X. GBrowse_syn is still under active development. This unit will cover installation and configuration as part of the current stable version of GBrowse (v. 1.71)

Insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva en la clínica de pequeños animales. Terapéutica práctica moderna II. Inotropos positivos

En el presente trabajo revisamos los usos más frecuentes de los digitálicos, pautas de medicación y elección del producto, dosis, intervalos de dosis, formas comerciales y vías de administración más indicados para cada situación y completamos el tratamiento inotrópico con una revisión de catecolaminas sintéticas, bipiridinas y algunos fármacos potencialmente útiles en la práctica diaria.In this paper tbc autors review tbe more frecuents uses of the digitalis glycosides, dosages, how to choose thee best dtug, dosing intervals, comercial forms availablesin Spain and way of administration more indicated for each clinical situation, and we finish with a quick review of the sinthetic sympathomimetics amines and bipyridine compounds

Anisotropic quark stars with an interacting quark equation of state

A deep exploration of the parameter space that relates the interacting equation of state with the bag constant B, and the interaction parameter a, is fundamental for the construction of diverse models of quark stars. In particular, the anisotropy of quark stars with a well-motivated quantum chromodynamics (QCD) equation of state is presented here. The contribution of the fourth order corrections parameter (a4) of the QCD perturbation on the radial and tangential pressure generate significant effects on the mass-radius relation and the stability of the quark star. An adequate set of solutions for several values of the bag factor and the interaction parameter are used in order to calculate the relation between the mass, radius, density, compactness, and consequently the maximum masses and the stability. Therefore, while the more interactive quark solution leads to higher masses, the weak interaction among quarks gives solutions similar to the widely known MIT bag model

Feature selection for chemical sensor arrays using mutual information

We address the problem of feature selection for classifying a diverse set of chemicals using an array of metal oxide sensors. Our aim is to evaluate a filter approach to feature selection with reference to previous work, which used a wrapper approach on the same data set, and established best features and upper bounds on classification performance. We selected feature sets that exhibit the maximal mutual information with the identity of the chemicals. The selected features closely match those found to perform well in the previous study using a wrapper approach to conduct an exhaustive search of all permitted feature combinations. By comparing the classification performance of support vector machines (using features selected by mutual information) with the performance observed in the previous study, we found that while our approach does not always give the maximum possible classification performance, it always selects features that achieve classification performance approaching the optimum obtained by exhaustive search. We performed further classification using the selected feature set with some common classifiers and found that, for the selected features, Bayesian Networks gave the best performance. Finally, we compared the observed classification performances with the performance of classifiers using randomly selected features. We found that the selected features consistently outperformed randomly selected features for all tested classifiers. The mutual information filter approach is therefore a computationally efficient method for selecting near optimal features for chemical sensor arrays

Preliminary notes on invasion and proliferation of foodborne Listeria monocytogenes strains

In this study, virulence properties of L. monocytogenes strains isolated from food and food environments were evaluated. In particular, adhesion and invasion efficiencies were tested in a cell culture model (HeLa). Half of the isolates (9/18) exhibited a high invasion index. In particular, the strain isolated from smoked salmon had the highest invasion index. The remaining isolates showed an intermediate invasion index. All environmental isolates belonged to this group. Finally, no isolates revealed a low invasion index. Regarding intracellular growth, all tested isolates had a replication time between 2 and 6 hours. For this reason, they can be considered virulent. In spite of its capability to invade HeLa cells with a medium/high invasion index, a non-haemolytic rabbit isolate did not show any intracellular growth. In conclusion, differences in invasion efficiency and intracellular growth did not seem strictly related to the origin of the strains. Moreover, invasiveness of an organism is not the only requirement for establishing an infection. Virulence of L. monocytogenes also depends on ability to grow intracellularly and to spread from cell to cell. For these reasons, PCR detection of known virulence genes has the potential to gain additional insight into their pathogenic potential. A comprehensive comparative virulence characterization of different L. monocytogenes strains in studies that include tissue culture models and PCR detection of virulence genes will be necessary to investigate differences in human-pathogenic potentials among the subtypes of this bacterium

The upper cretaceous and lower paleocene of the eastern bogota plateau and llanos thrustbelt, colombia: alternative appraisal to the nomenclature and sequence stratigraphy

EI registro estratigratico de la parte oriental de la Saban a de Bogota y el Piedemonte L1anero ha sido estudiado con base en columnas estratigraticas y pozos petroleros, 10 cual ha conducido a un esquema alternative de nomenclatura estratiqratica y de estratigrafia secuencial. La Forrnacion Chipaque (Cenomaniense-Campaniense) est a suprayacida por el Grupo Guadalupe en la Saban a de Bogota y por el Grupo Palmichal en la zona del Piedemonte L1anero. De base a tope la correlacion entre las formaciones de estos grupos se propone asi: La Forrnacion Arenisca Dura (Campaniense) del Grupo Guadalupe corresponde a la Forrnacion Arenitas de San Antonio del Grupo Palmichal; la Forrnacion Plaeners (Campaniense-Maastrichtiense) a la Forrnacion Lodolitas de Aguacaliente. La Forrnacion Arenisca de Labor, el lIamado nivel de "Lutitas y areniscas finas" y la Forrnacion Arenisca Tierna del Grupo Guadalupe correspond en a la Forrnacion Arenitas de San Luis de Gaceno del Grupo Palmichal. Una parte de la porcion inferior de la Formacion Guaduas de la Sabana de Bogota es equivalente ala Formacion Guaduas del Grupo Palmichal. EI Grupo Palmichal se redefine excluyendo a la Forrnacion Socha Inferior, principalmente por existir una discordancia en su limite inferior, y se incluyen en el las Formaciones anteriormente mencionadas. Los ambientes deposicionales varian de acuerdo a los cambios del nivel del mar, tanto de segundo como de tercer orden. La Forrnacion Chipaque en la Sabana de Bogota representa un (super)cicio de segundo orden que comprende por 10 menos cuatro secuencias de tercer orden. De manera similar, el Grupo Guadalupe y la Forrnacion Guaduas son supersecuencias, en las cuales otras secuencias de mayor frecuencia se pueden delinear. Un periodo de erosion mayor, documentado aqui en el pozo Medina-Ilia causado perdida parcial del registro del piso Maastriclltiense. La siguiente secuencia esta representada en su parte inferior par un sistema de nivel ba]o, dentro de la Formaci6n Socha Inferior.The Upper Cretaceous stratigraphic record of the Eastern Bogota Plateau and Llanos Thrustbelt of Colombia was studied in several outcrop sections and oil wells, leading to an alternative scheme of stratigraphic nomenclature and sequence stratigraphic interpretation. The Chipaque Formation (Cenomanian-Campanian) is overlain by the Guadalupe Group in the Bogota Plateau and by the Palmichal Group in the Llanos Thrustbelt. From oldest to youngest, the correlation between the subdivisions of these two groups is as follows: The Arenisca Dura Formation (Campanian) of the Guadalupe Group, corresponds to the Arenitas de San Antonio Formation of the Palmichal Group; the Plaeners Formation (Campanian-Maastrichtian) to the Lodolitas de Aguacaliente Formation; the Arenisca de Labor, the so-called "Lutitas y areniscas finas" and the Arenisca Tlerna Formations of the Guadalupe Group correspond to the Arenitas de San Luis de Gaceno Formation of the Palmichal Group. In turn, a lower part of the Guaduas Formation of the Bogota Plateau is equivalent to the Guaduas Formation of the Palmichal Group. The Palmichal Group is redefined by excluding the overlying Socha Inferior Formation from it, mainly because the Socha Inferior's lower limit is represented in some places by an unconformity. Additionally, the above mentioned formations are included now in the Palmichal Group. Major depositional environments shift according to sea level fluctuations of second and third order. The Chipaque Formation of the Bogota area is a second order (super)cycie where at least four third order sequences are circumscribed. Likewise, the Guadalupe Group and the Guaduas Formation aresupersequences that bear higher frequency sequences. A major erosion period, documented here in the Medina-1 well, cannibalized part of the Maastrichtian of the Palmichal Group. The youngest sequence studied is represented in its lower portion by the lowstand deposits of the Socha Inferior Formation

A note about the quantum of area in a non-commutative space

In this note we show that in a two-dimensional non-commutative space the area operator is quantized, this outcome is compared with the result obtained by Loop Quantum Gravity methods.Comment: 6 pages, references added, minor correction

Comportamiento de las precipitaciones (1921/2000) en el este de la provincia de La Pampa (Argentina)

The productive structure of the eastern region of La Pampa historically can be characterized as mixed agriculture, however, during the past two decades the area or summer crops expanded. Some studies show that the rainfall regime also varied during the same time span. This induced us lo think that there might be a causal relationship between the change in rainfall and the observed trend in the productive system. Therefore, a study or the rainfall variations during the time period 1921 to 2001 was conducted in order to evaluate their possible influence. The study area was divided into three zones: north, south and center. It was found that in all three zones the total annual rainfall during the growing season showed a positive trend. The highest proportion of rainfall increase was concentrated in the three summer months (EFM), while the lowest proportion corresponded to the winter months (JAS). During the studied period (1921 / 2001} all three zones presented a long cycle with humid and dry phases, separated by intermediate phases during the following time spans: 1) at the beginning of the evaluated period we observed the end of a transition phase from humid to dry. 2) A dry phase from 1930 to the end or the 940 decade. 3) A transition phase dry/humid between 1950 and the mid 70ties. 4) A humid phase which began in the 1970ties and had its climax during the 1990 decade, with posterior stabilization. These characteristics influence significantly on the regional production pattern, favoring summer crops. However, it should be taken into account that these changes might be reversible and since the region is a transition between the humid climates further east and the semiarid west, it present high vulnerability to the rainfall variations. This implies that precautions have to be taken for an eventual return to a period of lower rainfall.La región oriental de La Pampa se caracterizó históricamente por una estructura productiva agropecuaria mixta. Durante las últimas décadas comienza a expandirse el área de cultivos de verano. Existen estudios que demuestran variaciones en el régimen hídrico durante el mismo periodo. Esto induce a pensar que existe una relación causal entre el cambio operado en el régimen de precipitaciones y los cambios observados en los sistemas productivos. Por esta causa se realizó un estudio del comportamiento de las precipitaciones a fin de evaluar la influencia de este proceso durante el período 1921/2000. El área estudiada se dividió en tres zonas: norte, centro y sur. Se comprobó que en las tres zonas analizadas en sus totales anuales por campaña agrícola (julio a junio), la tendencia de la precipitación es positiva. El trimestre estival (EFM) en todas las zonas concentró la mayor proporción de aumento de lluvias, en tanto que la menor se ubicó en el trimestre invernal (JAS), En el período evaluado (1921/2000) pudo comprobarse que las tres zonas estudiadas presentan un ciclo de larga duración con fases húmedas y secas, separadas por fases de transición que se extendieron aproximadamente durante los siguientes períodos: 1 ) Final de la fase de transición húmeda/seca al comienzo del período evaluado. 2) Fase seca desde mediados de la década de 1930 hasta fines de la década de 1940. 3) Fase de transición seca/húmeda entre comienzos de la década de 1950 y mediados de la década de 1970. 4) Fase húmeda a partir de mediados de la década de 1970 que alcanza su máximo en la década de 1990 y parecería estabilizarse posteriormente. Estas características inciden significativamente en el patrón productivo regional, favoreciendo a los cultivos estivales. No obstante, debe tenerse en cuenta que dichos cambios pueden ser reversibles y por tratarse de una franja da transición entre el clima húmedo de la región oriental y el clima semiárido de la región occidental de Argentina, la misma presenta una alta vulnerabilidad a las variaciones en el régimen de precipitaciones, debiendo preverse las consecuencias que traería aparejado el retorno a períodos de bajas precipitaciones

Fall Detection Analysis Using a Real Fall Dataset

International Conference on Soft Computing Models in Industrial and Environmental Applications (13th. 2018. San Sebastián